Different types of Equipment are used for different purposes. And their Comparison from a Construction point of view.

1. Sub :- Advanced Construction &
Equipments
Topic :- Excavating Equipments
H.J.D. INSTITUTE OF TECHNICALEDUCATION
AND RESEARCH - KERA(KUTCH)

2. PREPARED BY:-
BAVA SAMJI 160850106007
HITEN SENGHANI 160850106017
SUTAR KOSHINI 160850106039
SUTHAR SATYA 160850106040
TANNA UTSAV 160850106041
ZOTA KHUSHI 160850106048
B.E. (CIVIL) 6th SEM
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SUBJECT NAME: ADVANCED
CONSTRUCTION AND
EQUIPMENTS
SUBJECT CODE: 2160601

3. Types of excavating equipments:-

4. POWER SHOVELS:-
Primarily used to excavate and load into
hauling vehicles.
Bank measure volume. 4𝑚3 less
than loose vol. of soil. 5𝑚3
The reason is swelling.(25%)
Applications :
For excavating above its own track.
Heavy cutting and loading in all types of
soil.

5. Basic parts:
Hoist line
Boom
axis of rotation
Bucket
Cab
Crawler
mounting

6. Types of power shovel:
Crawler mounted.
Low travel speed.On soft grounds.
Wheel mounted.
High speed.On hard ground.
Conditions for operation:
Large open pit , floor must be well drained , haul road must be
well.
Angle of swing 90°.
Optimum depth.

7. DRAGLINES :
Named : Its prominent operation o
f
dragging the bucket against the
material to be dug.
Capacity – Size of the bucket (𝑚3).
Applications :
 Digging softer material & below
its tracks.
 It has long reaches.
 Mostly
canals
used in
and
excavation of
depositing on
without hauling
embankment
equipments.

8. Basic parts :
Hoist cable Hoisting cable
Crane boom Gantry
Hoist
Chain
Drag Cable Cab
Drag Chain
Bucket
Crawler
Mounting

9. Factors affecting the output:
Size and type of bucket (0.38 to 3.06 𝑚
3) Light bucket – loose,dry.
Medium – clays,compacted gravel.
Heavy – hard materials
Length of crane boom (50,60 and 70 ft)
Type of material
Angle of swing
Depth of cut
Working conditions,maintainance
Size of hauling unit
Operator skill

10. Advantages Disadvantages
 Can work from the ground surface
while shovel has to be taken into
the pit.
 Hauling equipments need not to go
in the pit.
 Excavated material disposed in one
operation.
 High range than shovel.
 Less digging force.
 As the boom length increases the
must be decreased.
 Output is less than shovelbucket
size.

11. HOES :
Machine of power shovel group.
Used generally to excavate below the natural surface resting
on.
Parts :
Bucket
cylinder
stick cylinder cab
boom
cylinder
dipper
stick
boom
Bucket
(dipper)

12. Applications :
Though not efficient as shovel.
Most suitable for digging below the machine
level.
Levelling and loading.
Used to trim the surface.
Points for Selection of hoe :
Maximum Excavation depth.
Maximum Working radius.
Maximum dumping height.
Hoisting capability.

13. Factors affecting output :
Excavation depth.
Most affective digging when boom stick i
s
at 90 to boom.
Max. output when excavation near machine.
Optimum depth.(50 to 60% of max digging depth)
Advantages Disadvantages
 Hoe exert greater tooth pressure than
shovel due to direct pull.
 Due to rigidity superior than draglines.
 Superior to trenching machines when
the side banks are allowed to have
natural slope.
 Not efficient as shovels.
 Slow in working when dumping in
hauling machines.
 Liable to fall.

14. CLAM SHELLS :
The name the machine is derived from
the shape of its bucket.
The shape of bucket is that of the s
h
e
l
l
hinged at the top which can be closed
and opened in two parts.
Selection depends largely on t
h
e
requirement of the job.
Crane
Clam shell
Bucket cabin

15. Bucket :
Consists of two shells with hinged at t
h
e top
and provided with sharp edges at the
bottom.
Heavy types of buckets with sharp cutting
edges are used for hard soils and light
buckets with plane edges for loose soil.
Used mostly in lifting the heavy rock
pieces.
Sometimes more than two jaws are used
for lifting large sized particles.
Shell Shell
Hinge
Hoist line
Sheaves
brackets

16. Effective use :
Unit must be on level ground.
Bucket teeth should be sharp.
Dumping distance = digging distance.
In soft soils teeth should be removed.
Applications :
Used for loose materials such as crushed stones.
Main function is to vertical lifting of material from one place to another.
Digging and dumping in vertical plane.
Accurate dumping.
Charging and removing the materials from a stock pile,cofferdams,etc.

17. Comparison between different types of excavating
equipments :
Items Power shovel Hoe dragline Clam shell
Excavation in hard soil or
rock
Good Good Not good Poor
Excavation in wet soil or
mud.
Poor Poor Moderate Moderate
Distance between footing
and digging.
Small Small Long Long
Loading efficiency. Very good Good Moderate Precise but
slow
Footing required. Close to work Close to pit Fairly away
from pit
Fairly away
from pit
Digging level Digs at or above
footing
Digs below
footing
Below footing Digs at or
above footing
Cycle time Short Slightly more
than shovel
More than
power shovel
More than
others