Molecular Lab Slide Share

1. Molecular
Modeling Lab

2. Saturated Hydrocarbons
(Alkanes)
Bond Angles: Tetrahedral
Angle @ 109.5
Shape: Electrons are as far
apart from each other as
possible around the Carbon
Rotation: they have free
rotation around the Carbon
due to Single Bonds
What is an Alkane?
- Any of the series of
saturated
hydrocarbons
including Methane,
Ethane, Propane, and
higher members.
2

3. Butane
Butane is made up of 4
Carbons and 8
Hydrogens. The
condensed Structure of
this molecule is
CH3CH2CH2CH3
3

4. Ethyl- Pentane:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
2,3 Dimethyl Hexane
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
4

5. ● Saturated hydrocarbons (there is no carbon-carbon
double bond therefore the number of the H atoms are
maximum).
● Classified as paraffin because it has small affinity ( A force
between particles that causes them to combine).
● Difficult to react.
● The form of alkane with chain C1-C4 at room temperature
is gas, C4-C17 at room temperature is liquid, and C18 at
room temperature is solid.
● The boiling point will get higher if the C element increases.
If the number of the C element is the same, the branched
alkane will have lower boiling point.
● Solubility: almost insoluble in water but easily dissolve in
non-polar solvent.
● The density increase with the increase of the C elements.
● Main source of natural gas and petroleum
5

6. Alkane Summary
Most important:
- Alkanes are Single
bonded
Hydrocarbons
- General Chemical
Formula: CnH2n+2
6