WIND Energy
In This PPT you can get full information about Wind Energy
For increase your knowledge and exam point of view.
If You have any doubt you can contact me
Contact- technologyscienceand285@gmail.com
#Samiran_Biswas
#Wind_Energy
This is enegy taken from the natural air!
Can you believe electricity being created because of air!
It is practiced on heights or near sea's.
Go ahead and enjoy!
WIND Energy
In This PPT you can get full information about Wind Energy
For increase your knowledge and exam point of view.
If You have any doubt you can contact me
Contact- technologyscienceand285@gmail.com
#Samiran_Biswas
#Wind_Energy
This is enegy taken from the natural air!
Can you believe electricity being created because of air!
It is practiced on heights or near sea's.
Go ahead and enjoy!
Air in Motion. Wind energy is the transformation of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be harnessed for practical use
This presentation will describe the basics of wind power generation the technologies used in wind power. the energy conversion process used in wind power system are explained. This material was prepared for Debre Brihan Univesity 4th year power engineering students of 2017.
This presentation covers the introduction of wind energy and the process to convert wind power to electrical energy. Besides this, the presentation also includes different components and working of a wind turbine and general as well as specific advantages, disadvantages of offshore and onshore wind turbines. (It's not my made, I've downloaded it from somewhere)
Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetation. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.
www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html
* Introduction to Wind Energy
* History of Wind Energy
* Generation of Wind Energy
* Details of Wind Turbines
* Wind Measurement
* Advantages and Disadvantages
* Wind Power Plants in Pakistan.
Air in Motion. Wind energy is the transformation of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical energy that can be harnessed for practical use
This presentation will describe the basics of wind power generation the technologies used in wind power. the energy conversion process used in wind power system are explained. This material was prepared for Debre Brihan Univesity 4th year power engineering students of 2017.
This presentation covers the introduction of wind energy and the process to convert wind power to electrical energy. Besides this, the presentation also includes different components and working of a wind turbine and general as well as specific advantages, disadvantages of offshore and onshore wind turbines. (It's not my made, I've downloaded it from somewhere)
Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetation. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity.
www.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html
* Introduction to Wind Energy
* History of Wind Energy
* Generation of Wind Energy
* Details of Wind Turbines
* Wind Measurement
* Advantages and Disadvantages
* Wind Power Plants in Pakistan.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. TABLE OF CONTENT
WHAT IS WIND?
WHAT IS WIND ENERGY?
INTRODUCTION TO WIND AS RESOURCE OF ENERGY
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF WIND ENERGY
POWER GENERATION BY WIND ENERGY
WIND TURBINE
WORKING
TYPES OF WIND TURBINE
FEATURES OF WIND TURBINE
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
APPLICATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
APPLICATIONS
WIND PLANTS IN PAKISTAN
3. WIND
Wind is the stabilization movement of air between areas
of high and low atmospheric pressure, created by the
uneven heating of the Earth's surfaces: land, water, and
air.
The greater the pressure difference between these areas,
the harder the wind blows. Wind also exists as the
circulation of air around a high or low pressure area.
4. WIND ENERGY
Wind energy is a form of solar energy. It is clean and
renewable source of energy which is fastest growing in
today world.
Wind energy or wind power describe the process by which
wind used to generate electricity.
5. INTRODUCTION TO WIND AS A RESOURCE
OF ENERGY
The wind is a clean, free, and readily available renewable energy
source.
Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun,
variations in the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth.
Wind turbines are capturing the wind’s power and converting it to
electricity.
This source of power generation plays an increasingly important role
in the way we power our world.
The term "wind energy" or "wind power" describe the process by
which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity.
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
mechanical power.
6. SOURCES OF WIND ENERGY
All renewable energy (except tidal and geothermal power), ultimately
comes from the sun
The earth receives 1.74 x 1017 watts of power (per hour) from the sun
About one or 2 percent of this energy is converted to wind energy (which is
about 50-100 times more than the energy converted to biomass by all
plants on earth
Differential heating of the earth’s surface
and atmosphere induces vertical and horizontal
air currents that are affected by the earth’s
rotation and contours of the land WIND.
~ e.g.: Land Sea Breeze Cycle
7. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
OF WIND ENERGY
Wind has been used by people
for over 3000 years for grinding
grain and pumping water
Windmills were an important
part of life for many
communities beginning around
1200 BC.
Wind was first used for
electricity generation in the late
19th century.
8. The first recording of a windmill came from a Hindu book dating
back to about 400 B.C.E.
Scientists believe that the first windmills created to do work were
created
In China 2000 years ago. There is no written history of this
however.
The first recorded windmills that were created to do work are
from seventh-century Persia.
The first historical reference to Chinese windmills was in 1219.
This is significant because during this time windmills were used
along the coast of china for wind power.
12. POWER GENERATION BY WIND ENERGY
Wind is used to produce mechanical power using the kinetic energy
created by air in motion.
This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as
grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this
mechanical power into electricity to power homes, businesses,
schools, and etc.
Three key factors affect the amount of energy the wind:
owind speed
oAir density
oSwept area
• Equation for Wind Power
P = 1 /2ρ A V³
13. WIND TURBINE
A wind turbine is a device
that converts kinetic energy
from the wind into
electricity.
Simply stated, a wind turbine
is the opposite of a fan.
Instead of using electricity to
make wind, like a fan, wind
turbines use wind to make
electricity.
16. WORKING
• Wind turbines operate on a simple principle:
The energy in the wind turns the propeller-like blades around a rotor.
The pitch of the blades makes optimum use of the wind direction.
The rotor is connected to the main drive shaft, which spins a generator to create
electricity.
Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy.
At 30 meters or more above ground, they can take advantage of faster and less
turbulent wind.
Wind turbines can be used to produce electricity for a single home or building, or
they can be connected to an electricity grid for more widespread electricity
distribution.
17.
18. TYPES OF WIND TURBINE
• There are two types of wind
turbine:
HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND
TURBINE
It is the most common type used today
world.
All of the components (blades, shaft,
generator) are on top of a tall tower.
o Blades face into the wind. The wind hits the
blades of the turbine that are connected to a
shaft causing rotation.
o The shaft is horizontal to the ground. The
shaft has a gear on the end which turns a
generator.
o The generator produces electricity and sends
the electricity into the power grid.
19. Vertical axis wind turbine
• In vertical axis turbines
the shaft and blades are
connected to is vertical
to the ground.
All of the main
components are close to
the ground. Also, the
wind turbine itself is
near the ground
unlike horizontal where
everything is on a tower.
20.
21. FEATURES OF WIND TURBINE
• Automatic orientation The wind turbine is automatically oriented to take
maximum advantage of the kinetic energy of the wind.
• Turning of the blades The wind makes the blades turn, which start to move with
wind speeds of around 3.5 m/s and provide maximum power with a wind speed
11 m/s.
With very strong winds (25 m/s), the blades are feathered and the wind turbine
slows down in order to prevent excessive voltages.
• Gearbox The rotor (unit of three blades set in the hub) turns a slow axis that is
connected to a gear box that lifts the turning velocity from 13 to 1,500 revolutions
per minute.
• Generation The gearbox transfers its energy through a fast axis that is connected
to the generator, which produces the electricity.
• Evacuation The energy generated runs through the inside of the tower to the
base. From there, the energy runs over an underground line to the substation,
where its voltage is raised in order to inject it into the electrical grid and distribute
it to the points of consumption.
• Monitoring All of the critical functions of the wind turbine are monitored and
supervised from the substation and the control center in order to detect and
resolve any incidents.
22. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Wind energy is friendly to the
surrounding environment, as no fossil
fuels are burnt to generate electricity
from wind energy
Wind turbines requires less space
than average power stations.
When combined with solar electricity,
this energy source is great for
developed and developing countries
to provide a steady, reliable supply of
electricity.
Disadvantages
The main disadvantage regarding
wind power is down to the winds
unreliability factor.
In many areas, the winds strength is
not enough to support a wind
turbine.
Wind turbines generally produce allot
less electricity than the average fossil
fueled power station, which means
that multiple wind turbines are
needed to make an impact.
23. APPLICATIONS OF WIND ENERGY
• There are following applications of wind energy which are given
below:
Wind energy is used to run pumps to draw water from the grounds
through wind mills.
Wind energy has also been used to run flourmills to grind the grains
like wheat and corn into flour.
Now-a-days wind energy is being used to generate electricity.
The wind energy is used to propel the sailboats in river and seas to
transport men and materials from one place to another.
24. WIND MILLS IN PAKISTAN
There are some term necessary to understand before going to study about wind mills.
25. • Wind farm development
There are some important matters which must be matter before
wind power plant consideration:
oUnderstand your wind resource
oEvaluate distance from existing transmission lines
oDetermine benefits of and barriers to allowing your land to be
developed
oEstablish access to capital
oIdentify reliable power purchaser or market
oAddress siting and project feasibility considerations
oUnderstand wind energy’s economics
oObtain zoning and permitting expertise
26. Wind power production
There are two basic term which describe the power production of wind mills:
o Efficiency
o Capacity
Efficiency
Efficiency describe the term how much we get useful energy from a renewable source.
But there is not such machine that give 100 percent result, so wind turbine converts only 30-
40 percent of wind kinetic energy into electricity.
Capacity
The word capacity defines how much the production of a power plant.
A wind turbine at a typical wind farm operates 65-80 percent of the time, but usually at less
than full capacity, because the wind speed is not at optimum levels. Therefore, its capacity
factor is 30-35 percent.
A typical life of wind turbine is 20 to 25 years.
27.
28.
29. Sr. # Company Name Date of Issuance of LOS Project Capacity (MW)
Location of land
1 FFC Energy Ltd. 1st December 2010 49.5
Jhimpir
2 Zorlu Enerji Pakistan Ltd 9th February 2009 56.4
Jhimpir
3 Foundation Wind Energy -I Ltd. (formerly: Beacon Energy Ltd.) 12th May 2012 50
Gharo
4 Foundation Winnd Energy -II Pvt. Ltd (Formerly: Green Power (Pvt) Ltd) 12th May 2012 50
Gharo
5 Three Gorges First Wind Farm Pakistan Ltd (Formerly : CWE) 30th December 2011 49.5
jhimpir
6 Sapphire Wind Power Company (Pvt) Ltd 27th September 2012 52.8
jhimpir
07 Metro Power Co. (Pvt) Ltd, 9th August 2012 50
Jhimpir
08 Gul Ahmed Wind Power Ltd 9th August 2012 50
Gharo
09 Sachal Energy Development Pvt Ltd 20th March 2013 50
jhimpir
10 Yunus Energy Ltd (Formerly: Lucky Energy Ltd) 24th October 2012 50
jhimpir
11 Tenaga Generasi Ltd. 4th September 2012 49.5
Gharo
12 Master Wind Energy (Pvt.) Ltd 8th August 2012 52.8
Gharo
List of Wind Power Project Companies obtained Letter of Support (LOS) from AEDB: The
following IPPs acquired LOS from AEDB upon submission of Performance Guarantees;
30. 12 Master Wind Energy (Pvt.) Ltd 8th August 2012 52.8
Gharo
13 Zephyr Power (Pvt.) Ltd 12th August 2016 50
Gharo
14 Hydrochina Dawood Power Ltd. (Formerly: WIN Power Ltd) 25th June 2011 49.5
gharo
15 UEP Wind Power Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd 5th March 2014 99
jhimpir
16 Act Wind (Pvt.) Ltd 22nd May 2014 30
jhimpir
17 Jhampir Wind Power (Pvt.) Limited 23rd December 2014 50
jhimpir
18 Hawa Energy (Pvt.) Ltd 19th November 2014 49.5
jhimpir
19 Hartford Alternative Energy (Pvt.) Ltd 9th May 2016 49.3
jhimpir
20 Three Gorges Second Wind Farm Pakistan Ltd 1st August 2016 49.5
jhimpir
21 Three Gorges Third Wind Farm Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd 1st August 2016 49.5
jhimpir
22 Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Pvt. Limited - A 8th November 2016 49.6
jhimpir
23 Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Pvt. Limited – B 8th November 2016 49.6
jhimpir
24 Tricon Boston Consulting Corporation Pvt. Limited - C 12th August 2016 49.6
jhimpir