1) The document is a student assignment on wind energy submitted by Shrutidhar to their professor Er. Jaya Sinha. 2) It discusses the origins and mechanics of wind energy, explaining how wind turbines convert kinetic wind energy into electrical energy. 3) India has strong wind energy potential estimated at 302 GW, but has only realized about 25% of this potential so far, indicating significant room for growth in wind power in India.

1. AEN-202
Assignment
work
Alternate Source Of
Energy
[Wind Energy]

2. SUBMITTED BY
• SHRUTIDHAR
• 1901101098
• T.C.A DHOLI
• Sem-4th
SUBMITTED TO
• Respected Er. Jaya Sinha
mam

3. Introduction
• • Winds are horizontal movement of AIR from an area of
HIGH pressure(H) to an area of low pressure(L).
• • Wind energy is a kinetic energy associated with
movement of large masses of air.
• • It is clean, cheap, and eco-friendly renewable source.
• • Wind energy is utilized as mechanical energy with the
help of a wind turbine.
• • Moderate to high-speed winds, typically from 5m/s
to about 25m/s.
• are considered favorable for most wind turbines.
• • The electric power generation through wind was first
proposed in Denmark in 1890.

4. Why Wind Energy?
• Clean, zero emissions
• NOx, SO2, CO, CO2
• Air quality, water quality
• Climate change
• Reduce fossil fuel dependence
• Energy independence
• Domestic energy—national security
• Renewable
• No fuel-price volatility

5. Drawbacks
• • Wind energy available is fluctuating in nature and it
varies from zero to storm force.(unreliable)
• • Wind energy systems are noisy in operation; a large
unit can be heard many kilometers away.
• • Birds and bats have been killed by flying into the
rotors.
• • Good wind sites are often located in remote locations,
far from cities where the electricity is needed.
• • Installation & Maintenance cost of wind turbine is
high.

6. Wind in action:
Wind Today!!!
Windmills are used for pumping water from deep underground.
Modern wind turbine is the result of design and material advances
made during the 1980s and 1990s, which enabled wind turbines to
become increasingly efficient.
Today, wind turbines are size same as the traditional European
windmill.
It can generate 250 to 300 kilowatts of power- a nearly tenfold
increase in efficiency
History of Wind usage:
one of the earliest energy resources.
Recorded in history, first to power boats and grind grain, later to
pump water, press oil, saw lumber and make paper.

7. History of Wind Energy

8. Origin of winds
• The origin of winds may be traced basically to uneven
heating of the earth’s surface due to sun.
• This may lead to circulation of widespread winds on a
global basis, producing planetary winds or may have a
limited influence in a smaller area to cause local winds.

9. GLOBAL (OR PLANETARY) WINDS
• • Two major forces
determine the speed and
direction of wind on a global
basis : 1.Primary force : Due
to differential heating of the
earth at equatorial and polar
regions. (Heat transfer)
• 2.Spinning of earth about its
axis produces a Coriolis
force, which is responsible
for deviation of air currents.
(deflects the direction of
wind)

10. • • Localized uneven heating
is responsible for local
winds. Local winds are
produced due to two
mechanisms:
• 1.Due to differential
heating of land surface and
water bodies due to solar
radiation.
• 2.Due to differential
heating of slopes on the
hillsides and that of low
lands.

11. FACTORS AFFECTING THE DISTRIBUTION OF
WIND ENERGY ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH
Both global and local factors influence the availability
of wind energy at particular site.
• i. On the planetary level, great mountain masses
influence the circulation of air currents.
• ii. Surface roughness or friction, due to the resistance
that different elements of the earth surface like hill’s,
tall buildings, trees and similar obstructions impair
streamline air flow. Wind velocity in horizontal direction
gets markedly reduced. Frictional effect is less on
smooth areas such as sea shore or large open areas and
more in rough urban areas with tall building and trees.
• iii. Wind speed also increases while passing through
narrow mountain gaps where it gets channeled.

12. VARIATION OF WIND SPEED WITH
HEIGHT
• • Wind shear : Rate of
change of wind speed
with height
• • At the earth’s surface,
wind speed is always
zero. It increases with
height above the
ground. The wind near
the earth’s surface is
retarded by surface
roughness.

13. Turbines can be categorized into two classes
based on the orientation of the rotor.

15. Vertical-Axis Turbines
Advantage
• Omni-directional
• accepts wind from any direction
• Components can be mounted
at ground level
• ease of service
• lighter weight towers
• Can theoretically use less
materials to capture the same
amount of wind
Disadvantage
• Rotors generally near ground
where wind is poorer
• Centrifugal force stresses blades
• Poor self-starting capabilities
• Requires support at top of
turbine rotor
• Requires entire rotor to be
removed to replace bearings
• Overall poor performance and
reliability

16. Wind turbine component

17. How a Wind Turbine Operates

19. Mechanism

20. Wind Turbine Perspective

21. WIND FARM
• wind farm or wind park, also called a wind power station or wind
power plant , is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to
produce electricity. Wind farms vary in size from a small number of
turbines to several hundred wind turbines covering an extensive
area. Wind farms can be either onshore or offshore.

22. Impacts of Wind Power: Noise

23. WIND ENERGY POTENTIALS OF INDIA
• o The National Institute of Wind Energy, formerly the Centre of
Wind Energy Technology, recently announced that the total onshore
wind energy potential in the country is 302 GW (determined at a
hub height of 100 meters).
• The fresh estimates are six-times the wind energy potential
determined at a 50 meter hub height, and three-times the potential
estimated at a hub height of 80 meters.
• Of the total estimated 302 GW potential, 153 GW is available in
wasteland, 146 GW in cultivable land, and 3 GW in forest land.
(Mittal, 2015)o "The new Berkeley Lab study has found the total
techno-economic wind potential to range from 2,006 GW for 80-
meter hub heights (an indication of how high the wind turbine
stands above the ground) to 3,121 GW for 120-meter hub heights,"
an LBL news release states. (Shahan, 2012).
• o Only 25% of potential realization gives us an opportunity as big as
double the present total installed capacity. This shows the huge
potentials in wind energy in India.

24. FUTURE OF WIND ENERGY
IN INDIA
• • Demand for energy is bound to increase with the
increased economic development in the country.
• Indian economy is reviving (7.4% in 2014) after sluggish
growth in the last three years (6.6%, 5.1% and 6.9% for
2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively) (The World Bank,
2015).
• It is expected to grow at faster pace in the times to come
as Government of India is stressing upon "Make in India",
"Ease of Doing Business" and "Digital India"
predominantly besides land and labor reforms.
• It will further push the demand of electricity in almost all
the sectors i.e. household, agriculture, commercial,
institutional and industrial sector.

25. Conclusion
• o Wind energy has bright future and we can expect 30%
contribution of wind energy in the total generation mix of
electricity in India by 2050..
Though wind energy has its own negatives like noise and
loss of birds life yet concentrating on off-shore potentials
development and development of bladeless windmills that
are having no visibly moving parts and reduced noise will
solve these problems in coming decades.