3. Jens
Martensson
Definition:
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Quantum physics is the study
of matter and energy at the
most fundamental level. It
aims to uncover the
properties and behaviors of
the very building blocks of
nature.
5. Jens
Martensson
• Quantum objects are often described
using mathematical “wave functions”.
• In quantum physics, a wave function
is a mathematical description of a
quantum state of a particle as a
function of momentum, time, position,
and spin.
Nature of quantum physics:
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6. Jens
Martensson
• Water waves can be characterized by the changing height of the
water as the wave move.
• Sound waves can be characterized by the changing
compression or expansion of air molecule as they move.
• As the ripple in pond or a note played on trumpet are spread out
and not confined to one location quantum objects are also in
multiple places and take on different state as in superposition at
once.
Contin…..
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7. Jens
Martensson
Knowledge of quantum physics transformed
our concept of atom which consist of nucleus
surrounded by atoms.
Early concept of atom:
Early concept depicted electrons as particles
that orbited the nucleus ,much like the way
satellite orbit the earth
History of quantum physics:
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8. Jens
Martensson
Modern concept of atom:
Modern quantum physics instead
understands electrons as being distributed
within orbitals. Electrons can jump from
one orbital to another as they gain or lose
energy, but they cannot be found between
orbitals.
Contin…..
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9. Jens
Martensson
Schrodinger wave equation is a mathematical expression
describing the energy and position of the electron in space and
time, taking into account the matter wave nature of the
electron inside an atom.
Schrödinger's wave equation
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10. Jens
Martensson
• The fundamental law of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger's
wave equation, describes the state of a single particle by a
single quantum wave. The intensity of this wave at any
position represents the probability of observing the particle
at that position.
Contin…..
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