This is very important to get knowledge about fluid mechanics. History of fluid mechanics Principle of Archimedes Pascal`s concept Applications Bernoulli`s principle Properties

3. PRESENTED BY:
 HAFEEZULLAH FAIZ K17PG06
 MAQSOOD RUSATMANI K17PG08
 MUZAMIL HUSSAIN PITAFI K17PG12
 ASADULLAH QAMBRANI K17PG40
 SADDAM RAHIMMON K17PG45
 MUSWAR JATOI K17PG47
PRESENTED TO:
SIR, SUNDAR SHAM JESWANI

4.  Introduction to fluid and fluid mechanics.
 History of fluid mechanics
 Principle of Archimedes
 Pascal`s concept
 Applications
 Bernoulli`s principle
 Properties

16. APPLICATIONS OF FLUID
MECHANICS

24. • Fluid Mechanics plays somewhere an important role in
the field of petrolem engineering.
• In oil gas industry the fluid mechanics is used in the
operations like measurement, flow control, pressure
control and flow speed detection etc.
• On the same time at the places where the operations
which involves heating of gases also fluid mechanics is
used because on heating the gases expands and hence
the pressure increases, at this time this pressure is
compare against the pressure tolerance of the
container in order to avoid accidents.

25.  Properties: Properties of fluid mechanics are utilized
in gas and oil industries etc. As,
 Mass Volume Density
 Viscosity
 Ideal Gas
 Flow control
Mass Volume: Mass, volume and density are the three
most basic and fundamental properties of fluid.

26. Viscosity:
viscosity is the friction force (which one surface offers to
another surface in contact with it in order to resist its
motion) offered by one layer of fluid on another
during the flow. It is related to fluid flow.
Flow Control:
Flow is fundamental property of the fluid, in oil gas
industry it is important due to some reasons like both
oil and gas flows
 It`s big challenge to convey oil or gas one place to
another through pipelines.
 The amount of oil and gases are measured during the
flow also.

28. 1) DENSITY
2) SPACIFIC WEIGHT
3) SPECIFIC GRAVITY
4) COMPRESSIBILITY
5) SURFACE TENSION
6) TEMPERATURE
7) PRESSURE

29. :to compress something into a small space.
Liquids
• Liquids are considered to be incompressible.
• Liquids only change in volume even when
subjected to very high pressure.
Gases
• Gases are very compressible.
• Their volume can increase/decrease when
subjected to slight variation in pressure.
Properties of Fluids

30. What is hydrostatics?
Density is the mass of the fluid per unit volume
Density ()
 = M
V
 = Density of fluid, kg/m3
M = Mass of fluid, kg
V = Unit volume, m3
The density of water at 40C = 1,000 kg/m3

31. What is hydrostatics?
The specific weight is the weight of the fluid
per unit volume
 = W
V
 = Specific weight, N/m3
W = Weight of fluid, N (W=mg)
V = Unit volume, m3
The specific weight of water at 40C = 9.81 kN/m3
Specific Weight/Unit Weight ()

32. What is hydrostatics?
The specific gravity is the ratio of the density or
specific weight of the fluid to the density or
specific weight of water, at a temperature of 4oC
Specific Gravity/Relative Gravity (S)
S = 
w
= 
w
Dimensionless

34. What is hydrostatics?
Viscosity is the measure of a fluid’s resistance
to internal shear stresses.
Dynamic Viscosity ()
 = h
v
 = Dynamic viscosity, N.s/m2 or Pa.s
 = Internal shear stress, N ( =F/A)
v = Velocity, m/s

35. What is hydrostatics?
Let
-A = the horizontal area of each
layer
-h = the vertical distance
between their centerlines
-F = internal shear force
The top layer is acted upon by F
A thin layer of fluid
The top layer will move with a
velocity, v relative to the bottom
layer

36. What is hydrostatics?
Ideal Fluid :
-is unable to resist F
-the relative velocity would remain constant,
even F is removed
Real Fluid :
-is able to resist F due to
1) internal molecular activity
2) friction between the layers

37. What is hydrostatics?
The kinematic viscosity of a fluid is the ratio of its
dynamic viscosity to its density.
Kinematic Viscosity ()
 = 

 = kinematic viscosity, m2/s
 = Dynamic viscosity, N.s/m2 or Pa.s
 = Density of fluid, kg/m3

38. What is hydrostatics?
The capacity of liquids to resist tensile stresses
at their surface is called surface tensile.
Surface Tension ()

39. What is hydrostatics?
Determine the total mass and weight of the fluid
in the container in the figure if the fluid is
a) water
b) mercury, with S=13.6
Mw=22,400 kg, Ww=220 kN
Mm=304,600 kg, Ww=2,990 kN