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Creating an Inclusive School - Cerebral Palsy, Multiple disabilities
- 1. Dr.S.Govindaraj Assistant Professor Adhiparasakthi College of Education Kalavai @GovindarajSPh.D Creating an Inclusive School Unit 1 – Understanding Disability Cerebral Palsy and Multiple Disabilities
- 4. Cerebral Palsy – Meaning and Definition ϖCerebral means having to do with the brain. ϖPalsy means weakness or problems with using the muscles. @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 5. Cerebral Palsy – Meaning and Definition @GovindarajSPh.D ϖ Group of disorders that affect a person’s ability to move and maintain balance and posture. ϖ Cerebral Palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood
- 6. Cerebral Palsy – Symptoms @GovindarajS Ph.D ϖ Difficulty in speaking ϖ Variation in muscletone ϖ Problems in swallowing ϖ Difficulty in walking ϖ Delays motor skills ϖ Lack of muscle coordination ϖ Involuntary movements ϖ Favoring one side of the body ϖ Neurological problems ϖ Stiff muscles with normal reflexes ϖ Difficulty in sucking or eating ϖ Learning difficulties ϖ Seizures ϖ Abnormal touch ϖ Mental health conditions ϖ Oral disease
- 7. Cerebral Palsy – Causes ϖ Lack of Oxygen to the brain during labor and delivery ϖ Head injury – Accident ϖ Bleeding in the brain ϖ Brain infection ϖ Maternal infection – affect the fetus (unborn child after eight weeks) @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 8. Cerebral Palsy – Causes ϖ Heredity – Abnormal Development ϖ Jaundice in the childhood ϖ Fetal Stroke – lack of blood supply to the brain ϖ Infant infection – inflammation (reddened, swollen due to injury/infection) around the brain @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 10. Cerebral Palsy – Types Spastic Cerebral Palsy • Causes – stiff muscles • Difficult to walk • Crossing their knees • Muscle weakness, Paralysis Dyskenetic Cerebral Palsy • Trouble with body movements • Abnormal movements – arms, hands and legs • Face and tongue are also affected • Difficult to sit, walk, swallow and talk Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy • Diminished muscle tone and overly relaxed muscle • Arms and legs appear floppy like a rag doll • Babies little control over head • Difficult in poor reflexes @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 11. Cerebral Palsy – Types Ataxic Cerebral Palsy • Muscle movements – appear clumsy or jerky • Problems with balance and coordination • Difficult with fine motor functions – grasping objects Mixed Cerebral Palsy • Combination of symptoms of different Cerebral Palsy • Mix of Spastic and Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 12. Cerebral Palsy – Teaching Strategies @Understand the educational needs @Assign seating @Develop self-esteem @Pair up with normal student @Encourage to speak @Participate in problem solving and discussion
- 13. Cerebral Palsy – Teaching Strategies @Encourage participation @Enhance self-confidence @Provide group discussion @Use personal response devices @Expose students to diversity @Use variety of teaching strategies @Make classroom physically accessible
- 14. Cerebral Palsy – Teaching Strategies @Be proactive and active @Teach the concept slowly @Use Collaborative teaching @Enhance peer tutoring @Facilitate reading @Minimize distractions @Encourage and praise @Extra time to complete tasks
- 15. Cerebral Palsy – Teaching Strategies @Encourage communication @Teach social skills @Use computers and audio- visual aids @Encourage support from peers @Remove obstacles to move freely @Encourage independence
- 16. Multiple Disabilities – Meaning and Definition @GovindarajSPh.D According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act’s (IDEA), multiple disabilities refers to “concomitant [simultaneous] impairments (such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.), the combination of which causes such severe educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in a special education program solely for one of the impairments. The term does not include deaf-blindness.”
- 17. Multiple Disabilities – Meaning and Definition @GovindarajSPh.D Simultaneous occurrence of two or more disabling conditions - affect learning or other important life functions Combination of both motor and sensory nature.
- 18. Multiple Disabilities – Examples @GovindarajSPh.D Intellectual disability and blindness Mental retardation and orthopedic impairment Locomotor disability and speech impairment
- 19. Multiple Disabilities – Symptoms @GovindarajSPh.D Limited Communication or speech impairment Mobility problems Cognitive impairments
- 20. Multiple Disabilities – Teaching Strategies Parents, Educational specialists and Medical specialists should work together Mingle with normal people Love and affection Treat like other children Encourage to be independent @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 21. Multiple Disabilities – Teaching Strategies Help in daily activities Involve in daily chores Share experiences with child Use assistive devices and assistive technology Be patient Encourage to live a good and meaningful life @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 22. Multiple Disabilities – Teaching Strategies Identify students’ strength and handle accordingly Make modification in classroom Practice and reinforce Deal with behavior issues Involve in students’ transition planning @GovindarajS Ph.D