This document discusses phytorid treatment of wastewater. Phytorid technology uses constructed wetlands with wetland plants to treat wastewater. It was developed by NEERI in India and involves applying wastewater to beds filled with gravel and stones planted with various wetland plants. The mechanism involves biological and chemical processes like microbial activity, sedimentation, and plant uptake that help remove pollutants like BOD, COD, nitrogen and pathogens from wastewater. Some example plants used are elephant grass, yellow flag iris and cattails. Case studies of phytorid plants in India treating municipal and urban wastewater are discussed. The technology is cost effective and eco-friendly compared to

1. PHYTORID TREATMENT OF WASTE
WATER
PRESENTED BY : HARSHITH.R.L
4MC19CV061

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
 TYPES OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
 MECHANISM
 PLANTS USED
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CASE STUDY NEERI – PHYTORID
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
 Contamination of water by toxic pollutants through the discharge of
municipal, domestic and industrial wastewater has become a worldwide
environmental problem due to its serious consequences on human health,
agricultural crop productivity and aquatic ecosystem.
 Phytorid technology has become a logical solution to improve the quality of
contaminated water by acting as a sink for various contaminants.
 Phytorid technology was developed by NEERI (National Environmental
Engineering Research Institute) and patented in Indian, European and
Australian countries.
 Included in National Environmental Policy.

4.  Phytorid technology is a subsurface flow type wherein water is applied to
the beds filled with porous media such as gravel and stones.
 The system may include a wide variety of foliage in the form of aquatic,
marsh, ornamental, herbs, grasses and also terrestrial plants known to
grow in water logged condition.
 It is a type of constructed wetland system.
 It can be used for treatment of domestic, agricultural, slaughter house,
fish pond water.

5. OBJECTIVE
 In order to overcome the groundwater pollution by the treated water used in
irrigation field.
 To avoid foul, odour and mosquito nuisance.
 Facilitates recycle and reuse of water (reuse of grey water up to 95%).

6. CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
 Constructed wetlands are artificial wastewater treatment system of shallow
experimental tanks, ponds or channels that are planted with locally available
wetland plants.
 They work on natural capacity of plants to treat wastewater from different
sources.
 It is used to control or remove hazardous wastes from polluted water under
more controlled environment.

8. COMPONENTS OF CW
 Consists of 3 primary components
 An impermeable layer (clay) prevents infiltration of wastes down into lower
aquifers.
 A gravel layer provides a substrate (i.e an area that provides nutrients and
support) for the root zone. This zone is where water flows and bioremediation
and denitrification take place.
 Above ground vegetative layer contains plant material.

9. TYPES OF CW
CW
Subsurface
flow
Horizontal
flow
Vertical
flow
Hybrid
flow
Free water
surface

10. MECHANISM OF PHYTORID TECHOLOGY
 The system have been found to be effective in treating BOD, TSS, N and P as
well as reducing metals, organic pollutants and pathogens.
 The mechanism include biological processes such microbial activity and plant
uptake as well as physical-chemical processes such as sedimentation,
absorption at the plant-water interface.
 Microbial degradation plays a role in the removal of biodegradable organic
matter in wastewater.
 Biodegradation occurs when dissolved organic matter is carried into the
biofilm that attached on plant root systems and surrounding media by
diffusion process. It leads to reduction in BOD and COD.

11.  Suspended solids are removed by filtration and gravitational settlement.
 Pathogens are removed by sedimentation, filtration and absorption by biomass.
 Nitrogen is removed by plant uptake.

12. PLANTS USED
 Elephant grass
(Pennisetum purpurem)
 Yellow flag iris
(Iris pseudocorous)
 Cattails (Typha)  Indian shot (Canna indica)

13. ROLE OF PLANT SPECIES
 Plants provide huge surface area of attachment and slow down water flows
thus assists in sediment settling and trapping process.
 Removal and retention of nutrients and help in preventing eutrophication of
wetlands.
 Cattail plant can effectively uptake nutrients.
 Macrophytes increase contact time between effluent and plant surface area,
thus increase in the removal of nitrogen.

14. REMOVAL EFFICIENCY
POLLUTANT EFFICIENCY (%)
TSS 80 - 90
BOD 80 - 90
COD 70 - 85
NITROGEN 60 - 85
PHOSPHOROUS 50 - 80

15. ADVANTAGES
 Cost effective.
 Less operation and maintenance required.
 Minimum electricity requirement.
 Facilitates recycle and reuse of water.
 No foul odour and no mosquito nuisance.
 Works on gravity.
 It is eco friendly method for treating sewage.

16. DISADVANTAGES
 Time required for treatment of wastewater is more compared to conventional
system.
 System is limited by the natural growth rate of plants and length of growing
seasons.
 High concentrations of toxic materials could be hazardous to the growth of
plants.
 Require a minimum amount of water if they are to survive, they cannot
withstand complete drying.

17. CASE STUDIES : NEERI - PHYTORID
 Kalina campus, Mumbai University.
 It was the first phytorid treatment
plant developed by NEERI on 5
June, 2006.
 Here more than 20 plants are used.
 Design to treat the flow of 50 CMD
 It used to treat urban waste.

18. Prestigious Projects undertaken by NEERI
 Rajyapal Bhavan, Mumbai
 Nabi Lake, Lonar
 Teen Murthi Bhavan, New Delhi
 Smriti Vatika, New Delhi
 Nag Nallah, Maharaj Bag Nagpur. This plant has a capacity of 100cu.m/d

19. CONCLUSION
 Phytorid system is a promising alternative to treat wastes and an increasingly
recognised pathway to advance treatment capacity of wetland system.
 It is low cost, energy efficient, natural and low maintenance systems
compared to the conventional treatment systems.
 The treated water has its application in irrigation, flush tanks, river dilution,
gardening etc.

20. REFERENCES
 R. Kaalipushpa, S.Karthika, S.Revathi, “Domestic Wastewater Treatment using
Phytorid Technology”, International Journal of Engineering Research and
Technology (IJERT)
 National Environmental Engineering Research Institute. www.neeri.res.in
 Balpande, S.S. and Ashok Mhaske, “QUALITY OF SEWAGE WATER AND PHYTORID
TECHNOLOGY FOR ITS REUSE IN AGRICULTURE”, Journal of Global Biosciences.
 Komal Hemant Malpani, “THE DESIGN OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM IN
TALL RESIDENTIAL BUILDING USING PHYTORID”.

21. THANK YOU