1. A
Project Report
On
“FILTRATION OF GREYWATER BY NATURAL PROCESS (CANNA INDICA)”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Degree of Bachelor of Engineering
in
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur
Rohan Gajbhiye Mayuri Hiranyawar Saurabh Sankade
Yogesh Satpute Rupali Shelke Arun Lal
Anuja Lonkar Apurva Dharme Rushikesh Suple
Under the guidance of
Prof. N. K. Mhaisgawali
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Dahegaon, Kalmeshwar Road, Nagpur-441 501
2016 – 2017

2. Abstract
In this study, we reviewed Greywater characteristics and various treatment technologies with the aim
of coming up with the schematic of Greywater recycling system designed specifically for restricted
agricultural irrigation reuse. Characteristics of Greywater are highly variable; Greywater amount
varies from 50% to 80% of the wastewater volume produced by households. Technologies used for
Greywater treatment are classified into physical, chemical, biological, and natural systems, or a
combination of these. Constructed wetland (Bio-sand filtration) can be regarded as the most
environmentally friendly and cost-effective technology for Greywater treatment and reuses. Finally,
the study suggests the possible Greywater recycling scheme for agricultural irrigation reuse purposes

3. Introduction
In India alone the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) predicts that by
2025,one person in three will live in conditions of absolute water scarcity (IWMI, 2003). It is
therefore essential to reduce surface and ground water use in all sectors of consumption, to
substitute fresh water with alternative water resources and to optimize water use efficiency
through reuse options.
Waste water consists of two types of water.
 Greywater
 Black Water

5. Sources of Greywater
 Bathroom Greywater
 Laundry Greywater
 Hand-washing Sink Greywater
Greywater Reuse System
Greywater reuse, to irrigate plants.
About Plant (Canna Indica)
“Canna Indica” commonly known as Indian shot. It is native to much of South America and the West
Indies, Mexico and the southeastern United States.
Aim and Objective of Project
The main aim of our project is to filter Greywater by natural filtration process with the help of Plant “CANNA
INDICA” so that the waste water can also be reuse for various purposes like gardening, washing car and outlets
and so far can use for drinking purpose to some extent.

6. Canna Indica Plant

7. LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr.
No.
Name of
Author
Title of Paper Conclusion
1. Dr. Ayoup M.
Ghrair
Greywater Filtration System For
Sustainable Water Culture
(December 2001)
Greywater Recycling System is a must for anyone
who cares about the environment to replenish the
water shortage and reduces environmental pollution
as well as waste water production.
2. Bruce Jefferson Greywater use guidelines for
residential properties (October
2003)
As cities expand and populations grow, the
demand for water is rising.
“THINK WATER. ACT WATER”
3. Sara Finley Reuse of Domestic Greywater for
the Irrigation of Food Crops
(August 2005)
More research is needed in the area of pathogen
enumeration on crop surfaces so that easy detection
methods, sampling regimes, and acceptable
contamination limits can be agreed upon

8. METHEDOLOGY
 Bio-sand filtration
 Greywater Treatment System
Biological and Mechanical treatment system
 Filtration of Greywater by Natural Filtration
 Classification
 Specification of filtration unit
Bio-sand Filtration
 A biosand filter (BSF) is a point-of-use water treatment system adapted from traditional Slow
Sand Filters.
 Biosand filters remove pathogens and suspended solids from water using biological and physical
processes that take place in a sand column covered with a Bio-film.

9. Mechanism of Greywater
Treatment.
Classification of Layers
used for filtration
How this process is being carried out ?

10. Specification of Filtration Unit
Parameters Filter
Number of components 4
Media and Size in mm Soil (50)
Fine Sand (400)
Coarse Sand (100)
Crushed Bricks (200)

11. Greywater Gardening

12. List of Experiments
After filtration of Greywater different tests are being carried out on GW which are named as
 Color
 Odour
 Turbitidy test
 Dissolved oxygen test
 Total alkalinity test
 Total hardness
 Total dissolved solids
 Total suspended solids
 COD
 BOD
 pH value test

13. Analysis of Treated Grey Water (Hand-wash Basin Water) with
Respect to Standard Drinkable Water

14. Comparison between values of Treated and Untreated
Greywater

15. Graphical representation of Untreated and Treated
Greywater

18. Water Consumption Data
The table below shows data obtained from Aggrasen hostel in a span of 7 days in order to get the
average volume of water consumed in a day.

19. Calculations
The amount of water consumed is calculated per day using the equation below

21. COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The grey water recycling system will also save the overall cost of piped water by reducing the
intake. Calculating the total cost of water saved at current rates is

22. Clear View of Color of Water Before and After
Filtration

23. Global consumption and wastewater production by major
water use sector

24. Conclusion
Greywater reuse for edible crop irrigation could become a popular coping strategy in parts of the
world where fresh water is in short supply and local food production is necessary to combat food
insecurity. It is vital that we establish safe practices for reusing our water in order to remain
healthy and productive in a water scarce future.

25. Future Scope of Work
The present study demonstrate the reuse and treatment of residential bathrooms, basins waste
water called as grey water for the purpose of landscaping, gardening, irrigations, curing etc. Based
on finding of this study, this treatment technology can be considered as a viable and economical.
The benefits found are low wastage of water, lower load on fresh water, less strain on septic tank,
highly effective purification, and ground water recharge. Hence, this is an environmental friendly,
cost effective and resourceful method for development.

27. References
 Al - Ghazali, M. R. Al-Azawi, S.K. (1990). Listeria mono-cytogenes contamination of crops
grown on soil treated with sewage sludge cake. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 69, 642-647.
 Armon, R., Dosoretz, C.G., Azov, Y., Shelef, G. (1994). Residual contamination of crops irrigated
with effluent of different qualities: a field study. Water Scienceand Technology, 30(9), 239-248.
 Birks, R. & Hills, S. (2007). Characterization of indicator organisms and pathogensin domestic
greywater for recycling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 129(1-3), 61-69.
 Brandes, M. (1978). Characteristics of effluents from separate septic tanks treatinggrey water and
black water from the same house. Journal Water Pollution Contro Federation, 50(11), 2547-2559.
 Casanova, L.M. Gerba, C.P. Karpiscak, M. (2001).Chemical and microbial characterization of
household graywater. Journal Of Environmental Science And Health Part A-Toxic/Hazardous
Substances & Environmental Engineering, 36(4),
395-401