This presentation covered the following topics Table of Contents: Introduction of Industrial Production of PHA Structure and Diversity of PHA PHA production (CIB and NGIB) PHA Commercialization Future Perspective Presented by Mashal-e-Zahra, Hira Khan, Ruhma Tahir, Zunaira Zahid, Maham Sharafat, Rehan Ahmad

1. Grand Challenges for
Industrializing
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
(PHAs)
Mashal-e-Zahra, Hira Khan, Ruhma Tahir, Zunaira Zahid, Maham Sharafat, Rehan Ahmad
Department of Life Sciences,
University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
S2018231015, S2018231035, S2018231001, S2018231026, S2018231014, S2018231047

2. Table of Contents
Introduction of Industrial Production of PHA
1
Introduction of Industrial Production of PHA
Structure and Diversity of PHA
2
PHA production (CIB and NGIB)
3
PHA Commercialization
4
Future Perspective
5

3. INTRODUCTION

4. CHARACTERISTICS
PHAs are a diverse family of sustainable bioplastics synthesized by various
bacteria.
1
CIB employs conventional microbial chassis, leading to high production
costs.
2
NGIB approaches, based on fast-growing and contamination-resistant
extremophilic Halomonas spp., allow stable continuous processing
3
Halomonas spp. not only produce low-cost intracellular PHAs but also
secrete extracellular soluble products for improved process economics.
4

5. Challenges for Industrial Production of
Polyhydroxyalkanoate
PHAs have been proposed to partially
replace traditional chemical plastics,
PE,PP, and
PET, to solve pollution issues.
PHAs produced at industrial scal
e include (PHB), (PHBV), (P3HB
4HB (PHBHHx)
Challenges
All of these PHAs have
disadvantages, including high
production cost, poor thermal
mechanical properties, and
unstable product quality
associated with the current i
ndustrial biotechnology (CI
B)
Process.

6. The most competitive one is to develop next-generation
industrial biotechnology (NGIB), using fast-growing extremophilic bacteria aiming to overcome the
disadvantages of CIB
Ex: Engineered extremophilic Halomonas spp.
Solution of Challenges
Many efforts have been made to address these
challenges:
substrate choice
 water and wastewater
 oxygen utilization
continuity
reproducibility
substrate-to-PHA
conversion efficiency
energy consumption
 automation
 process complexity
PARAMETERS

7. PHA STRUCTURE AND
DIVERSITY

8. Structure and Diversity of PHAs

9. Applications of PHAs
01
03
02
04
Disposable bioplastic Biofuels
Agriculture industry 3-D printing

10. Advantages and disadvantages in PHAs
Advantages of PHAs Disadvantages of PHAs
Properties Biodegradable, biocompatibility,
diverse structures and
Properties, nontoxic degradable
products.
Poor thermal and mechanical
properties, wide molecular
weight, distribution, difficulty to
control precise Mw, post-
crystallization
Production process Sustainable production process
using agriculture raw material
dissolved in aqueous solutions,
raw material purity not required,
room temperature and normal
pressure
Complex production process,
high energy and fresh water
demanding, discontinuous
process, high biological and
chemical oxygen demand (BOD
and COD) in water.

11. PHA PRODUCTION
Current Industrial Biotechnology (CIB)

12. FROM LABORATORY TO INDUSTRY

13. • halophilic Halomonas spp
• cost-reduction and bulk produ-
ction of PHAs.
Extremophilic Bacteria
WILDTYPE and ENGINEERED BACTERIA
• SCL PHA
• Highest cell Density with dry
cell weight; 232g/l
Ralstonia eutropha
• Super PHA production
• Highest Volumetric
Productivity
Recombinant
Escherichia Coli • Β-Oxidation pathway genes
• PHA homopolymers, block
copolymers and functional
polymers, MCL PHA
Knocked out Pseudomonas

14. Comparison of PHA productivity
Different microbial producers of PHA and their productivity were compared to obtain
the best fit for CIB

15. GRAND CHALLENGES for CIB
Sterilization and De-
contamination procedures on
strains
Low Substrate to PHA
conversion
Intensive aeration and Energy
Downstream Processes
Limited Market Success of CIB
High Freshwater consumption
Complicated wastewater
treatments
High Production Cost
Spike in Sale Prices

16. Next Generation Industrial
Biotechnology for PHA
Production

17. Next Generation Industrial Biotechnology for PHA Production
Ceramic or Cement
Fermenters
Seawater
Low Cost Substrates
Halomonas
campaniensis
Halomonas
bluephagenesis
AI controls

19. PHA
COMMERCIALISATION

20. Process Economy
01 02
03 04
Recombinant H. bluephagenesis has
been scaled up from 1 l fermenter to
1000 and 5000 l industrial fermenters
for PHA production
Productivity improvement of NGIB by
efficient supernatant recovery, as well
as a high conversion efficiency from
Substrate to PHAs
Coproduction of PHAs with high-
value-added extracellular 5-amino-
levulinic acid (ALA) or ectoine.
Volumetric productivity of
Halomonas spp.-based NGIB is
lower than that of CIB using
R. eutropha and recombinant
E. coli.

21. Commercializing PHAs
• PHB, PHBV, P3HB4HB, and PHBHHx production.
• Several companies have been established to promote
the industrialization of PHAs
• The development of PHAs industrialization in China.
• Five PHA producers based in the USA have been esta-
blished,
• Go!PHA has been established to coordinate the promo
-tion of PHAs as a carbon-neutral green bioplastic.
• Most companies employ CIB for PHAs production; only
three use Halomonas spp.-based NGIB for production.

22. Concluding remarks
and Future perspectives

23. Greatest challenges
Unstable material
composition
Poor thermal and
mechanical properties
High production cost

24. PHA Producing Companies

25. CIB VS NGIB
Substrates Water type Downstream Labor cost
Processing

26. THANK YOU