Heterogeneous catalysis, zeolite, Catalysis, Homogeneous catalysis

1. HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Sciences.
Date: 09 December, 2021 Central
University
of Jammu
Zeeshan Nazir 3940319

2. 65%
35%
World GDP
Influenced by Catalysis
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https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/nitrogen/mcs-2018-nitro.pdf

3. 90%
10%
Chemicals (by volume)
Assisted by solid catalysis
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United States Geological survey, Mineral commodity summaries, 2018

4. 144
Million tons of NH3
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130,634,602,560
KGs of NH3
https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/nitrogen/mcs-2018-nitro.pdf

5. Catalysis
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Process of altering the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous_catalysis#/media/File:Catalytic_reaction_coordinate.jpg

6. Catalysis
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Homogeneous
Catalysis
Heterogeneous
Catalysis
Bio-Catalysis

7. Homogeneous catalysis
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• Catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase.
+ + + +
Example: Hydrolysis of Ester

8. Physisorption
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Van Der Walls Forces
No Chemical bond Formed
Electronic states remain unchanged
Typical energy is 3-10 Kcal/mol.

9. Chemisorption
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Electron Clouds overlap
Adsorbate and adsorbent share electrons
Formation of Chemical bonds
Typical energy is 20-100 Kcal/mol.

10. Heterogeneous Catalysis
• Phase of the catalyst differs from that of the reactants or products.
• Example: Hydrogenation of Ethene.
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Platinum
Platinum
Platinum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous_catalysis#/media/File:Hydrogenation_on_catalyst.svg

11. Haber-Bosch Process
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+
Fe
Nitrogen : Hydrogen = 1:3
Pressure: 250 to 250 bar
Temprature: 450 to 550 C

12. Surface Reactions
Langmuir-Hinshelwood
•A and B both adsorb,
•While adsorbed, form product C
•Then C desorbs
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Eley-Rideal Mechanism
•A adsorbs to catalyst,
•B reacts with A without adsorbing
•Forms C and C desorbs

13. Catalyst Design
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14. Zeolite
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Some mesoporous silicates, have surface areas greater than 1000 m2/g
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeolite-ZSM-5-3D-vdW.png

15. ?
Thank you so much!
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16. Special thanks to Dr. Tapta Kanchan Roy (Sir)
Linkedin.com/ZeeshanNazir
Slideshare.net/ZeeshanNazir17
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