ELECTRICAL SEMINAR

1. PRINCIPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF
VISUALDISPLAYS
R.KIRUBHASHINI
S.ARUMUGA ARCHANA
III–EEE- B

2. CONTENTS:
• Introduction
• Basic requirements
• Effective visual displays
• Types of visual displays
• conclusion

3. Display?
show something in a
prominent place in
order that it may
readily be seen.

4. DISPLAY-:
A Display is a collection of data and
information.
It helps human to explain through
graphical form.
Information given through displays
should be perceptive and
understandable.

5. VISUAL DISPLAYS:
 A device that presents information to you via eyes.
 The display will be used in addition to information
gained by observing the event.
 In certain cases the displays play the only source of
information.
 Eg: TV, Thermometers, computers, maps, graphs etc.

6. BASIC REQUIUREMENTS:
Easily understandable
Designed to suit specific conditions
Easily convertible into factual information needed for
decision and action
Viewing Distance
• 35 to 40 cm – maximum distance for properly reading
printed material
• 60cm length – when arm movements are needed to
manipulate controls, after receiving visual information
from the display.

7. Viewing angle:
• Normal viewing angle - 90 .
Illumination :
• Display - lowest illumination possible in the work area.
• Display should have its own illumination.
Work area illumination:
• Should be increasing rather than decreasing.
Visual display and related controls:
• Both arranged in an integrated manner so that operator’s
work becomes easy and systematic.
Methods of use:
• Quantitative reading, qualitative reading, check reading,
setting, tracking

8. • Methods of use
• Quantitative reading, qualitative reading, check reading, setting, tracking
• Method of display
• Symbolic: words, letters, abbreviations, numbers, colour codes,
• Pictorial: (T.V. screen, map) pictorial resemblance to actual things
• Process: symbolic
• Navigation Radarscope: combined
• Combining displays
• display presents more than one information
• saves space, economises eye movement and interpretation of information
is easier
• but if display is of small size, it cannot be done
• Related information can be combined.
 Method of display:
1) Symbolic: words, letters, abbreviations, numbers, colour codes,
2) Pictorial: (T.V. screen, map) pictorial resemblance to actual things
3) Process: symbolic
4) Navigation Radarscope: combined
Combining displays:
a) Display presents more than one information
b) saves space, economises eye movement and interpretation of
information is easier
c) But if display is of small size, it cannot be done
d) Related information can be combined.
Contd…

9. EFFECTIVE VISUAL DISPLAYS:
 Good Visibility
1. Ability to see clearly the displays.
2.Display must be within the field of vision.
 Good comprehension
1.can make correct decisions and control actions
2.requires minimum effort and reduces error.
 Good compatability
1.can be used with other type of displays
2.layout matches their control.

10. PRINCIPLES:
Help in creating an effective
design.
Increases user satisfaction.
Reduces the error.

11. TYPES OF DISPLAY:
DISPLAY DEVICES
Based on physical
characteristics
Type of information
displayed

12. BASED ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS:
• Dials Eg: ammeters, clock (pointers, graduated scale)
• Indicators Eg: computer display(no graduated scale, only numeric
information)
• Warning devices Eg: alarms, Traffic signals(requires attention and some
action)
• Counters Eg: digital watches( directly show numbers)

13. BASED TYPEOFINFORMATION:
TYPE OF
INFORMATION
Quantitative Qualitative

14. QUANTITATIVE:
• Provides information about quantitive value
• It may be dynamic /static variable
• Eg: temperature, measurement of length using ruler.
• Have units along with the quantity.
• May be circular , vertical or horizontal
• Has three major types
FIXEDSCALE,MOVINGPOINTER:
• Mostly preferred.
• Gives a perceptual feed of quantification.
• Eg: clocks

15. • Preferred for long scales
• Occupies less panel space.
• Eg: compass
FIXED POINTER,MOVING SCALE:
DIGITAL DISPLAYS:
• Remain visible for long time.
• Least count of scale
• Scale markers
• Numerical progressions used
• Type of pointer
• Type of illumination

16. QUALITATIVE:
• Provides information about quality
• Quantitative data is used as basis.
• Eg: speedometer(displaying low, safe , unsafe speeds with different colours)

17. OTHERDISPLAYS:
 CHECK READING DISPLAYS:
Checking whether the continously changing variable is within normal
range.
 SETTINGDISPLAYS:
Adjust to desired position(digital)
 TRACKINGDISPLAYS:
Video games
 SPATIAL ORIENTATION DISPLAYS:
Movement of objects is to be determined.
 PICTORIALDISPLAYS:
Photograph , TV screens.
Difference between stationary and moving object is clear.
 AUDITORY DISPLAYS:
Detect and identify a wide spectrum of sounds of varying
intensities and frequencies
Range and area of reception is wide, more than eyes
Noise and speech are 2 types of auditory signals.