[Full Cired Paper] Description of Primary Support's concept business and industrial interest for the supply of Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) based on a coordinated modulation of Distributed Energy Ressources (DER).
Cired 2015 full paper: DISTRIBUTED AND COORDINATED DEMAND RESPONSE FOR THE SUPPLY OF FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)
1. CIRED 2015
gaspa
ABSTRACT
The availability of frequency
essential for any Utility to secure the power system in
both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper
presents a concept of
Resources
frequency
with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements,
are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant
(VPP).
performed on a
motors and resistive loads control t
depending
project
INTRODUCTION
European Utilities
Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES
spreading
generation unit
energy policies.
Utilit
reserves suppliers.
system security
robustness
during 2003 Italian blackout
in
It appears so
become a necessity
controlled reserves over the network at any voltage
These reserves
Distributed Generation (DG) units or by
control through
ability to distribute these
over the network
diffusion of I
Technologies
loads
basis
This paper presents so a patented ICT
designed for the
CIRED 2015
DISTRIBUTED AND COOR
Gaspard LEBEL
Raphaël CAIRE
Nouredine HADJSAID
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab
CNRS,
F-38000 Grenoble, France
gaspard.lebel@g2elab.grenoble
ABSTRACT
The availability of frequency
essential for any Utility to secure the power system in
both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper
presents a concept of
Resources (DER)
frequency-controlled reserves
with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements,
are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant
(VPP). Physical demonstration
performed on a
motors and resistive loads control t
depending at the European scale within Dream FP7
project.
INTRODUCTION
European Utilities
Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES
spreading. This occurs
generation unit
energy policies.
Utilities of part of their histori
reserves suppliers.
system security
robustness face to large frequency excursion
during 2003 Italian blackout
in both interconne
It appears so
become a necessity
controlled reserves over the network at any voltage
These reserves
Distributed Generation (DG) units or by
control through
ability to distribute these
over the network
diffusion of I
Technologies
loads. The control of loads on a minute or even second
basis used definitely not be doable in the past.
This paper presents so a patented ICT
designed for the
23
DISTRIBUTED AND COOR
Gaspard LEBEL
Raphaël CAIRE
Nouredine HADJSAID
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab
CNRS, G2Elab
38000 Grenoble, France
rd.lebel@g2elab.grenoble
ABSTRACT
The availability of frequency
essential for any Utility to secure the power system in
both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper
presents a concept of coordinated
(DER), load modulation
controlled reserves
with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements,
are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant
Physical demonstration
performed on an off-grid system
motors and resistive loads control t
at the European scale within Dream FP7
INTRODUCTION
European Utilities are currently facing
Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES
. This occurs in a parallel context of bulk
generation units decommissioning driven by climate and
energy policies. Such trend is willing to deprive these
of part of their histori
reserves suppliers. It is then
system security since RES
face to large frequency excursion
during 2003 Italian blackout
both interconnected and microgrid
the opportunity
become a necessity – to distribute
controlled reserves over the network at any voltage
These reserves could be supplied
Distributed Generation (DG) units or by
control through Demand Response
ability to distribute these
over the network is technically
diffusion of Information an
Technologies (ICT) close to any kind of dispatchable
The control of loads on a minute or even second
used definitely not be doable in the past.
This paper presents so a patented ICT
designed for the supply of
23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution
DISTRIBUTED AND COOR
FREQUENCY CONTAINMEN
Nouredine HADJSAID
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab
38000 Grenoble, France
rd.lebel@g2elab.grenoble-inp.fr
The availability of frequency-controlled reserves is
essential for any Utility to secure the power system in
both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper
coordinated Distributed Energy
oad modulation willing to supply
controlled reserves. These reserves, compliant
with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements,
are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant
Physical demonstrations have
grid system. HVAC variable speed
motors and resistive loads control t
at the European scale within Dream FP7
are currently facing
Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES
in a parallel context of bulk
decommissioning driven by climate and
uch trend is willing to deprive these
of part of their historic frequency
then willing to challenge the
RES-E generators
face to large frequency excursion
during 2003 Italian blackout [1]. Such paradigm is topical
and microgrid contexts
opportunity – that could perhaps even
to distribute
controlled reserves over the network at any voltage
supplied by either co
Distributed Generation (DG) units or by
Demand Response (DR)
ability to distribute these frequency-controlled
is technically enabled by the large
nformation and
close to any kind of dispatchable
The control of loads on a minute or even second
used definitely not be doable in the past.
This paper presents so a patented ICT-based application,
supply of frequency-controlled reserves
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
DISTRIBUTED AND COORDINATED DEMAND RESPO
FREQUENCY CONTAINMEN
Karel KUYPERS
Dep. of Electrical Engineering
Technische Universitet Eindhoven
Eindhoven, the Nederland
k.kuypers@student.tue.nl
controlled reserves is
essential for any Utility to secure the power system in
both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper
Distributed Energy
willing to supply
These reserves, compliant
with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements,
are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant
s have already been
HVAC variable speed
motors and resistive loads control tests are now
at the European scale within Dream FP7
are currently facing up to large
Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES
in a parallel context of bulk
decommissioning driven by climate and
uch trend is willing to deprive these
c frequency-controlled
willing to challenge the
E generators can show less
face to large frequency excursions as observed
Such paradigm is topical
contexts.
that could perhaps even
to distribute the frequency
controlled reserves over the network at any voltage level.
by either controlling
Distributed Generation (DG) units or by performing load
(DR) solutions. Th
controlled reserves
enabled by the large
Communication
close to any kind of dispatchable
The control of loads on a minute or even second
used definitely not be doable in the past.
based application,
controlled reserves
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
DINATED DEMAND RESPO
FREQUENCY CONTAINMEN
Karel KUYPERS
Dep. of Electrical Engineering
Technische Universitet Eindhoven
Eindhoven, the Nederland
k.kuypers@student.tue.nl
controlled reserves is
essential for any Utility to secure the power system in
both interconnected and microgrid contexts. This paper
Distributed Energy
willing to supply
These reserves, compliant
with both Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR) and
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS) requirements,
are provided through a structure of Virtual Power Plant
already been
HVAC variable speed
are now
at the European scale within Dream FP7
p to large
Electrical Renewable Energy Resources (RES-E)
in a parallel context of bulk
decommissioning driven by climate and
uch trend is willing to deprive these
controlled
willing to challenge the
can show less
as observed
Such paradigm is topical
that could perhaps even
frequency-
level.
ntrolling
performing load
The
reserves
enabled by the large
ommunication
close to any kind of dispatchable
The control of loads on a minute or even second
based application,
controlled reserves
to the
Dream
distributed load
targeted by the solution
FCR
range
support
could then
relays face to major frequency excursions
avoid
the
at any time for the system stability
comply as well with down regulation
the shedding
The first part of the paper
principle of operation
presentation of the
proposed
of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER
involved in the VPP designed
CONCEPT
The fast frequency regulation
TU/e
Energy Management Services’ devices
CEMSs
depending on the system frequency.
these
remotely
CEMS
computing the frequency
thresholds respected by each relay.
defined in order
system scale a targeted power
1
Commission
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
DINATED DEMAND RESPONSE FOR THE SUPPLY O
FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)
Dep. of Electrical Engineering
Technische Universitet Eindhoven
Eindhoven, the Nederland
k.kuypers@student.tue.nl stéphane.bediou@schneider
to the power system
Dream1
FP7 project
distributed load
targeted by the solution
FCR or the Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS)
range (Fig. 1). By doing so, the solution
support the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve
ould then pre-
relays face to major frequency excursions
avoid to affect vital loads and
the distributed g
at any time for the system stability
comply as well with down regulation
the shedding of Distributed Generation (DG).
Figure 1: Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS
(data applied in ENTSO
The first part of the paper
principle of operation
presentation of the
proposed. A third
of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER
involved in the VPP designed
CONCEPT
The fast frequency regulation
TU/e and Schneider Electric leads
Energy Management Services’ devices
CEMSs control the power supply of dispatchable load
depending on the system frequency.
these CEMSs
remotely programmable
CEMSs, a coordination platform is in charge of
computing the frequency
thresholds respected by each relay.
defined in order
system scale a targeted power
Dream is a p
Commission under
48Hz
UFLS
NSE FOR THE SUPPLY O
T RESERVE (FCR)
Stéphane BEDIOU
Alain GLATIGNY
Energy Division,
Schneider Electric Industries
F-38000 Grenoble, France
stéphane.bediou@schneider
power system. The solution developed within
FP7 project is based on a coordinated shedding of
distributed loads. The frequency range of operation
targeted by the solution would encroach upon
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS)
. By doing so, the solution
the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve
empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS
relays face to major frequency excursions
affect vital loads and
generators whose availability is
at any time for the system stability
comply as well with down regulation
of Distributed Generation (DG).
: Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS
(data applied in ENTSO-E’s Regional Group Continental Europe)
The first part of the paper presents
principle of operation. A second
presentation of the advances provided by
third part challenges
of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER
involved in the VPP designed
The fast frequency regulation
and Schneider Electric leads
Energy Management Services’ devices
control the power supply of dispatchable load
depending on the system frequency.
embed frequency
programmable thresholds.
, a coordination platform is in charge of
computing the frequency shedding and reconnection
thresholds respected by each relay.
defined in order to reproduce by aggregation at the
system scale a targeted power
Dream is a project funded
under FP7 grant
49.2Hz
49Hz
UFLS
Suitable range of
Lyon, 15-
NSE FOR THE SUPPLY O
T RESERVE (FCR)
Stéphane BEDIOU
Alain GLATIGNY
Energy Division,
Schneider Electric Industries
38000 Grenoble, France
stéphane.bediou@schneider
. The solution developed within
based on a coordinated shedding of
The frequency range of operation
would encroach upon
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS)
. By doing so, the solution enables
the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve
empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS
relays face to major frequency excursions
affect vital loads and save from disconnection
whose availability is
at any time for the system stability. The solution would
comply as well with down regulation process
of Distributed Generation (DG).
: Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS
E’s Regional Group Continental Europe)
presents the concept
second part is
advances provided by
part challenges finally the acceptability
of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER
involved in the VPP designed.
The fast frequency regulation proposed by Grenoble INP
and Schneider Electric leads on a pool of
Energy Management Services’ devices (CEMS)
control the power supply of dispatchable load
depending on the system frequency. To do so, e
frequency-based relays
thresholds. At the top of the
, a coordination platform is in charge of
shedding and reconnection
thresholds respected by each relay. The thresholds are
produce by aggregation at the
system scale a targeted power-frequency characteristic.
funded by
agreement 609359
50Hz
49.8Hz
49.2Hz
FCR
49.98Hz
range of operation
-18 June 2015
Paper 1037
1
NSE FOR THE SUPPLY OF
Stéphane BEDIOU
Alain GLATIGNY
Energy Division,
Schneider Electric Industries
38000 Grenoble, France
stéphane.bediou@schneider-electric.com
. The solution developed within
based on a coordinated shedding of
The frequency range of operation
would encroach upon either the
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS)
enables first to
the FCR in period of lack of bulk reserve. It
empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS
. Thus it could
save from disconnection
whose availability is essential
The solution would
process thanks to
of Distributed Generation (DG).
: Suitable operation frequency range of smoother UFLS
E’s Regional Group Continental Europe)
the concept and its
part is devoted to
advances provided by the method
the acceptability
of the innovation by the Utilities and the DER owners
proposed by Grenoble INP
on a pool of Customer
(CEMS). These
control the power supply of dispatchable load
To do so, each of
based relays with
At the top of the
, a coordination platform is in charge of
shedding and reconnection
The thresholds are
produce by aggregation at the
frequency characteristic.
the European
609359
49.98Hz
operation
18 June 2015
Paper 1037
1/5
. The solution developed within
based on a coordinated shedding of
The frequency range of operation
the
Under Frequency Load Shedding (UFLS)
to
. It
empt partly the blind tripping of UFLS
could
save from disconnection
essential
The solution would
thanks to
and its
devoted to a
method
the acceptability
owners
proposed by Grenoble INP,
Customer
These
control the power supply of dispatchable loads,
ach of
with
At the top of the
, a coordination platform is in charge of
shedding and reconnection
The thresholds are
produce by aggregation at the
frequency characteristic.
European
2. CIRED 2015
This coordination
the behavior of bulk generation
by
The
able
with either the F
Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS)
A
The system can be deployed
secondary substation, a primary substation or
larger scale,
thanks to a cloud
dependent architectures, the coordination platform
is
Terminal Unit (RTU).
finally replicable autonomously from one substation to
others or from one cloud
The CEMS it
frequency sensor, a communication channel and a
microcontroller. These component
independent the one from another and linked by a local
ICT bus or be an all
component can be directly
in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device
located down the met
CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter,
relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads
willing to be driven independantly from one another.
Fig.
secondary substation, where the coordination platform is
embed by the substation
presents then example
presents
world
deployed on an industrial site
system
functions of each device are
The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven
by the wholesale and ancillary services market
framework:
and
devices location
CEMS function
T
CIRED 2015
This coordination
the behavior of bulk generation
by any Virtual Power
The present structure
able to provide
with either the F
Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS)
Architecture
The system can be deployed
secondary substation, a primary substation or
larger scale, not correlated with
thanks to a cloud
dependent architectures, the coordination platform
is a software
Terminal Unit (RTU).
finally replicable autonomously from one substation to
others or from one cloud
The CEMS it
frequency sensor, a communication channel and a
microcontroller. These component
independent the one from another and linked by a local
ICT bus or be an all
component can be directly
in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device
located down the met
CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter,
relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads
willing to be driven independantly from one another.
Fig. 2 presents
secondary substation, where the coordination platform is
embed by the substation
presents then example
presents an all
world. Fig. 3(b)
deployed on an industrial site
system, with variable speed motors
functions of each device are
The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven
by the wholesale and ancillary services market
framework:
• Regulated
• Deregulated
and by the communication channels available
devices location
• Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link
the Utility power
• ADSL, 3G only, etc.
CEMS function
The CEMS carries out two main functions
1. Inform periodically or on event the
platform of the power
23
This coordination enables
the behavior of bulk generation
Virtual Power Plant (VPP) structure.
present structure constitutes an autonomous system
to provide frequency-controlled reserves, compliant
with either the Frequency C
Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS)
rchitecture
The system can be deployed
secondary substation, a primary substation or
not correlated with
thanks to a cloud-oriented architecture.
dependent architectures, the coordination platform
a software, is embeded
Terminal Unit (RTU). Being an
finally replicable autonomously from one substation to
others or from one cloud-portfolio to others.
The CEMS itself is composed of a power meter, a
frequency sensor, a communication channel and a
microcontroller. These component
independent the one from another and linked by a local
ICT bus or be an all-in-one component. The all
component can be directly embed in a utility power meter
in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device
located down the meter in a “deregulated world”.
CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter,
relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads
willing to be driven independantly from one another.
presents an architecture designed at the scale of the
secondary substation, where the coordination platform is
embed by the substation’s
presents then examples of CEMS architectures
all-in-one CEMS, adapted to the domestic
(b) presents a split architecture,
deployed on an industrial site
, with variable speed motors
functions of each device are
The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven
by the wholesale and ancillary services market
egulated
eregulated
the communication channels available
devices location:
Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link
Utility power meters and the substation RTU
3G only, etc.
CEMS functions
he CEMS carries out two main functions
Inform periodically or on event the
latform of the power willing to be shed by the relays
23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution
enables finally to reproduce virtually
the behavior of bulk generation units, as
Plant (VPP) structure.
constitutes an autonomous system
controlled reserves, compliant
Containment Reserve (FCR) or
Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS)
The system can be deployed locally at the scale
secondary substation, a primary substation or
not correlated with the network topology
oriented architecture.
dependent architectures, the coordination platform
ed in the substation Remote
Being an autonomous system,
finally replicable autonomously from one substation to
portfolio to others.
composed of a power meter, a
frequency sensor, a communication channel and a
microcontroller. These components can be either
independent the one from another and linked by a local
one component. The all
embed in a utility power meter
in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device
er in a “deregulated world”.
CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter,
relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads
willing to be driven independantly from one another.
an architecture designed at the scale of the
secondary substation, where the coordination platform is
’s RTU. Fig. 3(a)
of CEMS architectures
one CEMS, adapted to the domestic
presents a split architecture,
deployed on an industrial site. It presents
, with variable speed motors. In
functions of each device are highlighted in green
The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven
by the wholesale and ancillary services market
the communication channels available
Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link
meters and the substation RTU
he CEMS carries out two main functions
Inform periodically or on event the
willing to be shed by the relays
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
to reproduce virtually
as usually targeted
Plant (VPP) structure.
constitutes an autonomous system
controlled reserves, compliant
Reserve (FCR) or
Under Frequency Load Shedding schemes (UFLS).
at the scale of a
secondary substation, a primary substation or even at a
the network topology
oriented architecture. In topology
dependent architectures, the coordination platform which
the substation Remote
autonomous system, it
finally replicable autonomously from one substation to
portfolio to others.
composed of a power meter, a
frequency sensor, a communication channel and a
s can be either
independent the one from another and linked by a local
one component. The all-in-
embed in a utility power meter
in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device
er in a “deregulated world”. The
CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter,
relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads
willing to be driven independantly from one another.
an architecture designed at the scale of the
secondary substation, where the coordination platform is
Fig. 3(a) and 3(b)
of CEMS architectures. Fig. 3
one CEMS, adapted to the domestic
presents a split architecture, willing to be
It presents an HVAC
In Fig. 3(b), the
highlighted in green.
The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven
by the wholesale and ancillary services market
the communication channels available at the
Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link
meters and the substation RTU
he CEMS carries out two main functions:
Inform periodically or on event the coordination
willing to be shed by the relays
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
to reproduce virtually
usually targeted
constitutes an autonomous system
controlled reserves, compliant
Reserve (FCR) or
of a
even at a
the network topology
n topology-
which
the substation Remote
it is
finally replicable autonomously from one substation to
composed of a power meter, a
frequency sensor, a communication channel and a
s can be either
independent the one from another and linked by a local
-one
embed in a utility power meter
in a “regulated world” or being an proprietary device
The
CEMS can embed as many triplets of {power meter,
relay, comparator} as numbers of dispatchable loads
an architecture designed at the scale of the
secondary substation, where the coordination platform is
3(b)
3(a)
one CEMS, adapted to the domestic
willing to be
an HVAC
, the
The selection of the architecture would be mainly driven
by the wholesale and ancillary services market
at the
Power Line Communication (PLC) available to link
meters and the substation RTU
oordination
willing to be shed by the relays
2.
To do so
embeds to
and forward this value to the coordination platform,
thanks to its communication channel. The
is then
by comparing the system frequency measured locally
with a frequency threshold
coordination platform
Co
The c
functions
1.
2.
3.
Coordination
Agent
POFF(f)
Secondary
Substation
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
it controls.
2. Process autonomously in real
regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of
the loads he controls.
To do so, the CEMS lead
embeds to measure
and forward this value to the coordination platform,
thanks to its communication channel. The
then in charge
by comparing the system frequency measured locally
with a frequency threshold
coordination platform
Fig
Fig
oordination platform function
The coordination platform
functions:
1. Gather from all of the CEMS the close to real
data of the power amount
2. Gather the end
term of both marginal activation cost and frequency
range of contribution
3. Set the load shedding order of each
portfolio, based on this acceptance
Peer-
Primary
Support
Coordination
Agent
Bottom
POFF(f)
Load 1
…
Load i
…
Load 3
Load 2
UFLS
Range of operation
Market
platform
Clearing
results
Fa
Secondary
Substation
Process autonomously in real
regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of
the loads he controls.
, the CEMS leads first on the
measure the power consumption of the loads
and forward this value to the coordination platform,
thanks to its communication channel. The
in charge in real-time of driving t
by comparing the system frequency measured locally
with a frequency threshold received
coordination platform.
Fig 2. Large scale architecture
Fig 3. CEMS architectures
ordination platform function
oordination platform
ather from all of the CEMS the close to real
data of the power amount
ather the end-users load shedding acceptance
of both marginal activation cost and frequency
range of contribution.
the load shedding order of each
portfolio, based on this acceptance
UFLS relays
Primary
Substation
-to-peer
Bottom-up
FCR
operation Fb
Lyon, 15-
Process autonomously in real-time the frequency
regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of
s first on the
the power consumption of the loads
and forward this value to the coordination platform,
thanks to its communication channel. The microcontroller
of driving the relay position,
by comparing the system frequency measured locally
received meanwhile
. Large scale architecture
. CEMS architectures
ordination platform functions
oordination platform carries out
ather from all of the CEMS the close to real
data of the power amount available for shedding
users load shedding acceptance
of both marginal activation cost and frequency
the load shedding order of each
portfolio, based on this acceptance criteria
Bulk
Business as
FCR supplier
f
-18 June 2015
Paper 1037
2
time the frequency
regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of
s first on the controller he
the power consumption of the loads
and forward this value to the coordination platform,
microcontroller
he relay position,
by comparing the system frequency measured locally
meanwhile from the
. Large scale architecture
carries out five major
ather from all of the CEMS the close to real-time
available for shedding.
users load shedding acceptance, in
of both marginal activation cost and frequency
the load shedding order of each load of the
criteria.
Bulk Generation
Business as usual
FCR supplier
Primary
Support
Coordination
Agent
18 June 2015
Paper 1037
2/5
time the frequency
regulation, by driving the shedding or restoration of
controller he
the power consumption of the loads
and forward this value to the coordination platform,
microcontroller
he relay position,
by comparing the system frequency measured locally
from the
major
time
, in
of both marginal activation cost and frequency
load of the
Coordination
Agent
3. CIRED 2015
Coordination Platform
Fig.
two functions that
major
detailed
Fig
INNOVATION ADVANCES
Robustness
The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from:
It can be noticed that the real
load shedding and reconnection
the CEMs.
periodic or event processes.
distribution of the real
CIRED 2015
4. Calculate the frequency threshold of
5. Broadcast the frequency
Coordination Platform
Fig. 4 presents a simplified flow
two functions that
major functions of the coordination p
detailed.
Figure 4: Flowchart and structure of the messages exchanged between a
INNOVATION ADVANCES
Robustness
The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from:
• The architecture of system monitoring
coordination platform gathers the power
consumption of each load directly monitored by
each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is
performed
• The coordination of the
coordination platform decides by itself
time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of
its portfolio.
• The distribution of the decision process
CEMS decides
shedding and reconnection
on-site system frequency monitoring,
comply with the frequency behavior
decided upstream by the coordination platform.
• The replicability of the solution
{coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is
replicable
enables to constitute
pools of reasonnable size whose failure does not
induce a danger for the system stability.
It can be noticed that the real
load shedding and reconnection
the CEMs. The coordination platform performs only
periodic or event processes.
distribution of the real
Coordination
Platform
Define load
shedding priority
Build Droop Curve
of Fig. 5: Assign
Frequency
Threshold fth
Load
Activation
criteria
Algo.
Fig.6
23
the frequency threshold of
Broadcast the frequency
Coordination Platform
presents a simplified flow
two functions that belongs
functions of the coordination p
chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a
coordination platform and a CEMS
INNOVATION ADVANCES
The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from:
The architecture of system monitoring
coordination platform gathers the power
consumption of each load directly monitored by
each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is
performed only by the CEMSs
The coordination of the
coordination platform decides by itself
time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of
its portfolio.
The distribution of the decision process
CEMS decides finally autonomously
shedding and reconnection
ite system frequency monitoring,
comply with the frequency behavior
decided upstream by the coordination platform.
replicability of the solution
{coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is
replicable autonomously the one from another.
enables to constitute
of reasonnable size whose failure does not
induce a danger for the system stability.
It can be noticed that the real
load shedding and reconnection
The coordination platform performs only
periodic or event processes.
distribution of the real-time processes
Coordination
Platform
Ask for a frequency
Threshold fthi(t),
Provide Load
Consumption Pi(t)
Define load -
shedding priority
Build Droop Curve
Assign
Frequency
thi(t)
Assign frequency
Threshold fthi(t),
Periodic Process
Msg
Msg
23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution
the frequency threshold of each load.
Broadcast the frequency threshold to each C
Coordination Platform – CEMSs Interactions
presents a simplified flowchart that includes the
belongs to the CEMS and
functions of the coordination platform
chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a
coordination platform and a CEMS
INNOVATION ADVANCES
The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from:
The architecture of system monitoring
coordination platform gathers the power
consumption of each load directly monitored by
each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is
only by the CEMSs.
The coordination of the solution behavior
coordination platform decides by itself
time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of
The distribution of the decision process
finally autonomously
shedding and reconnection of the loads
ite system frequency monitoring,
comply with the frequency behavior
decided upstream by the coordination platform.
replicability of the solution
{coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is
onomously the one from another.
enables to constitute at the system scale, several
of reasonnable size whose failure does not
induce a danger for the system stability.
It can be noticed that the real-time processes
load shedding and reconnection – are performed o
The coordination platform performs only
periodic or event processes. As detailed abo
time processes among the agents
CEMS i
i=
Monitor f
t-
Update fth
Continuous Real Time process
F(t
Yes
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
each load.
threshold to each CEMS.
Interactions
chart that includes the
to the CEMS and the five
latform previously
chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a
coordination platform and a CEMS
The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from:
The architecture of system monitoring: the
coordination platform gathers the power
consumption of each load directly monitored by
each CEMS. The frequency monitoring is then
solution behavior: the
coordination platform decides by itself before real
time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of
The distribution of the decision process: Each
finally autonomously of
of the loads, thanks to an
ite system frequency monitoring, in order to
comply with the frequency behavior previously
decided upstream by the coordination platform.
replicability of the solution: Each set of
{coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is
onomously the one from another.
at the system scale, several
of reasonnable size whose failure does not
induce a danger for the system stability.
time processes – mainly the
are performed only by
The coordination platform performs only
As detailed above,
among the agents
t=t+dt
CEMS i
=1...N
Monitor f(t)
dt<1s
t0>∆t
∆t~15min
Continuous Real Time process
t) < fthi
Open Relay
Close Relay
Yes
No
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
chart that includes the
the five
previously
chart and structure of the messages exchanged between a
The robustness of the innovation proposed comes from:
: the
coordination platform gathers the power
consumption of each load directly monitored by
then
: the
ore real-
time of the frequency behavior of all of the loads of
: Each
of the
, thanks to an
in order to
previously
: Each set of
{coordination platform + coordinated CEMSs} is
onomously the one from another. It
at the system scale, several
of reasonnable size whose failure does not
mainly the
nly by
The coordination platform performs only
ve, this
among the agents
is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the
communication delay nor even a minutes
communication links can st
distributed frequency
CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order
only from an on
Intelligence
The intelligence of the
combined algorithm
definition and frequency thresholds
algorithm is
to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale
bids of frequency
each bid
cost, which depends on
of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power
frequency characteristic, while the selling b
commonly a power amount
in all
For clearing easiness, the whole purch
characteristics are
power
Fa]
The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the
assignment of a frequency threshold
performed per
faj], with fa
starting from the range the closest to the normal
frequency.
For each range
defined in the whole interval
order, up to reach the demand of the interval.
price can be either a bid price or a spot price.
algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy
pric
shedding
considered as input for the clearing.
The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER
assigned for operation within
equa
For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a
power
each range
depending on the
adapted to comply as well with non
even within
of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in
Open Relay
Close Relay
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the
communication delay nor even a minutes
communication links can st
distributed frequency
CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order
only from an on-
Intelligence
The intelligence of the
combined algorithm
definition and frequency thresholds
algorithm is run by the coordination platform
to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale
bids of frequency
ach bid is defined by a function of marginal shedding
cost, which depends on
of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power
frequency characteristic, while the selling b
commonly a power amount
in all-or-nothing
For clearing easiness, the whole purch
characteristics are
power-frequency characteristic
Fa], regardless their limit prices.
The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the
assignment of a frequency threshold
performed per J
], with fa1 = F
starting from the range the closest to the normal
frequency.
For each range ∆
defined in the whole interval
order, up to reach the demand of the interval.
price can be either a bid price or a spot price.
algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy
price. In case of energy price,
shedding depending on the frequency threshold is
considered as input for the clearing.
The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER
assigned for operation within
equation (1).
(1)
with
,
∆
For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a
power-frequency characteristic defined as linear within
each range ∆fj
depending on the
adapted to comply as well with non
even within ∆fj.
of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in
is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the
communication delay nor even a minutes
communication links can st
distributed frequency-controlled reserves, since the
CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order
-site system frequency monitoring
The intelligence of the innovation comes then from
combined algorithm (Fig. 6
definition and frequency thresholds
run by the coordination platform
to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale
bids of frequency-controlled reserves.
is defined by a function of marginal shedding
cost, which depends on the frequency
of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power
frequency characteristic, while the selling b
commonly a power amount per
nothing for simplicity of operation.
For clearing easiness, the whole purch
characteristics are first aggregated under a resultant
frequency characteristic
, regardless their limit prices.
The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the
assignment of a frequency threshold
J adjacent sub-
= Fa and fbJ =Fb
starting from the range the closest to the normal
For each range ∆fj, the DER
defined in the whole interval ∆
order, up to reach the demand of the interval.
price can be either a bid price or a spot price.
algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy
e. In case of energy price,
depending on the frequency threshold is
considered as input for the clearing.
The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER
assigned for operation within
; ,
∑ !"
#$
" 1
, &
For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a
frequency characteristic defined as linear within
. The slope can however be different
depending on the range ∆fj. This equation could be easily
adapted to comply as well with non
. Fig. 5 presents schematically the effect
of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in
Lyon, 15-
is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the
communication delay nor even a minutes
communication links can stop the supply of these
controlled reserves, since the
CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order
site system frequency monitoring
innovation comes then from
. 6) of load-shedding order
definition and frequency thresholds computation
run by the coordination platform
to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale
controlled reserves. In term of price,
is defined by a function of marginal shedding
frequency thres
of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power
frequency characteristic, while the selling b
per DER which is activated
for simplicity of operation.
For clearing easiness, the whole purch
aggregated under a resultant
frequency characteristic, defined in a range [Fb ;
, regardless their limit prices.
The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the
assignment of a frequency threshold to each DE
-frequency ranges
=Fb. The ranges
starting from the range the closest to the normal
he DER whose price functions are
defined in the whole interval ∆fj, are selected at the merit
order, up to reach the demand of the interval.
price can be either a bid price or a spot price.
algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy
e. In case of energy price, a probability of load
depending on the frequency threshold is
considered as input for the clearing.
The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER
assigned for operation within an interval ∆
' (
∑)
*+,
∑
#$
*+,
& - . /-
. 0
& 0 0 - -0
For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a
frequency characteristic defined as linear within
The slope can however be different
This equation could be easily
adapted to comply as well with non-linear characteristic
presents schematically the effect
of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in
-18 June 2015
Paper 1037
3
is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the
communication delay nor even a minutes-long loss of
op the supply of these
controlled reserves, since the
CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order
site system frequency monitoring.
innovation comes then from
shedding order
computation. This
run by the coordination platform. It enables
to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale
In term of price,
is defined by a function of marginal shedding
threshold. In term
of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power
frequency characteristic, while the selling bids are
which is activated
for simplicity of operation.
For clearing easiness, the whole purchasing
aggregated under a resultant
, defined in a range [Fb ;
The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the
to each DER, is then
frequency ranges ∆fj = [fbj
. The ranges are scanned
starting from the range the closest to the normal system
whose price functions are
selected at the merit
order, up to reach the demand of the interval. The trading
price can be either a bid price or a spot price. The
algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy
a probability of load
depending on the frequency threshold is
The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER
interval ∆fj follows the
1*,
1*,
/- - ∆
0
0 - -0
For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a
frequency characteristic defined as linear within
The slope can however be different
This equation could be easily
linear characteristic
presents schematically the effect
of the equation (1). The key idea plotted in Fig. 5 is to
18 June 2015
Paper 1037
3/5
is a key factor of robustness of the solution. Neither the
long loss of
op the supply of these
controlled reserves, since the
CEMSs interpret the shedding and reconnection order
innovation comes then from a
shedding order
. This
enables
to clear a market composed of several purchase and sale
In term of price,
is defined by a function of marginal shedding
. In term
of power, the purchasing bids are defined by power-
ids are
which is activated
asing
aggregated under a resultant
, defined in a range [Fb ;
The sale of each DER bid to match the demand, i.e. the
R, is then
= [fbj ;
are scanned
system
whose price functions are
selected at the merit
The trading
The
algorithm is able to handle both capacity and energy
a probability of load-
depending on the frequency threshold is
The calculation of the frequency threshold of each DER
follows the
For simplification issue, the equation (1) assumes a
frequency characteristic defined as linear within
The slope can however be different
This equation could be easily
linear characteristic
presents schematically the effect
to
4. CIRED 2015
extend each piled block of dispatchable power am
frequency axis up to cross the targeted power
characteristic, presented as
The DER offers not purchased within
sale in the range
can face the competition from DER that used not to be
defined in
Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function
while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the
algorithm considers tolerance l
both curves stays close enough at the clearing output.
The aggregat
to
system scale demand.
The algorithm integrates finally a l
process to cancel the
trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the
purchaser
accept the purchase of
exactl
final bid partially cut
CIRED 2015
extend each piled block of dispatchable power am
frequency axis up to cross the targeted power
characteristic, presented as
Figure
The DER offers not purchased within
sale in the range
can face the competition from DER that used not to be
defined in ∆fj.
Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function
while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the
algorithm considers tolerance l
both curves stays close enough at the clearing output.
The aggregation
to make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the
system scale demand.
The algorithm integrates finally a l
process to cancel the
trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the
purchaser. According to the same logic, a purchaser can
accept the purchase of
exactly equal to his initial purchase bid, or
final bid partially cut
Load-
shedding
order
23
extend each piled block of dispatchable power am
frequency axis up to cross the targeted power
characteristic, presented as linear in the present example.
Figure 5: Targeted step
The DER offers not purchased within
sale in the range ∆fj+1, if they are still defined, where they
can face the competition from DER that used not to be
.
Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function
while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the
algorithm considers tolerance l
both curves stays close enough at the clearing output.
ion of small size offers
make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the
system scale demand.
The algorithm integrates finally a l
process to cancel the potential
trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the
. According to the same logic, a purchaser can
accept the purchase of power
y equal to his initial purchase bid, or
final bid partially cut during
Figure
POFF (f)
faj
Load 1
…
Load i
…
Load 3
Load 2
i=1…Kj
Pofftotj
fth
23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution
extend each piled block of dispatchable power am
frequency axis up to cross the targeted power
linear in the present example.
: Targeted step-by-step droop curve
The DER offers not purchased within ∆f
if they are still defined, where they
can face the competition from DER that used not to be
Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function
while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the
algorithm considers tolerance limits, to guarantee that
both curves stays close enough at the clearing output.
of small size offers is however supposed
make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the
The algorithm integrates finally a loop of bids validation
potential purchase of reserves at a
trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the
. According to the same logic, a purchaser can
power-frequency characteristic
y equal to his initial purchase bid, or
during the market clearing
gure 6: Frequency
∑ !2
3$
245
fbj
thj
fth3
fth2
fth1
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
extend each piled block of dispatchable power among the
frequency axis up to cross the targeted power-frequency
linear in the present example.
step droop curve
∆fj are put back for
if they are still defined, where they
can face the competition from DER that used not to be
Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function
while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the
imits, to guarantee that
both curves stays close enough at the clearing output.
is however supposed
make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the
oop of bids validation
purchase of reserves at a
trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the
. According to the same logic, a purchaser can
frequency characteristic
y equal to his initial purchase bid, or accept as well
clearing.
Frequency market c
Slope of the
power-frequency
characteristic
targeted
f
j
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
ong the
frequency
linear in the present example.
are put back for
if they are still defined, where they
can face the competition from DER that used not to be
Since the resultant demand is usually a linear function
while the resultant offer is composed of piled blocks, the
imits, to guarantee that
both curves stays close enough at the clearing output.
is however supposed
make this discontinuity of offers negligible face to the
oop of bids validation
purchase of reserves at a
trading price higher than an upper limit predefined by the
. According to the same logic, a purchaser can
frequency characteristic
accept as well
PERSPECTIVES
As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of
the present concept
upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the
owners.
Utility acceptance
Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network
operators of its
contribution in real
disturbance.
The first ste
solution design which is compliant with FCR
requirements, defined in
Load
network stability studies
the benefit on stability
instance
islanded power
unique
on the model of Kuching Island power system [
reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth
the opposite imbalance that occurs
large
system without the availability of enough reversible
reserve [
Real
a 4kVA off
droop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted
and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
just for these tests [
market clearing and threshold
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
PERSPECTIVES
As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of
the present concept
upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the
owners.
Utility acceptance
Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network
erators of its
contribution in real
disturbance.
The first step toward system stability
solution design which is compliant with FCR
requirements, defined in
Load-Frequency Control and Reserves [
network stability studies
the benefit on stability
instance the interest of the solution
landed power
unique interconnection.
on the model of Kuching Island power system [
reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth
the opposite imbalance that occurs
large tripping of UFLS relays
system without the availability of enough reversible
reserve [4].
Real-time physical
a 4kVA off-grid system to check first the accuracy of the
oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted
and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
just for these tests [
threshold assignment algorithm
PERSPECTIVES
As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of
the present concept is conditioned by its adoption
upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the
Utility acceptance
Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network
benefit on system stability, its effective
contribution in real-time and its robustness face to any
toward system stability
solution design which is compliant with FCR
requirements, defined in the ENTSO
Frequency Control and Reserves [
network stability studies have then been performed to test
the benefit on stability. The first studies
the interest of the solution
system, following the
interconnection. These tests have been performed
on the model of Kuching Island power system [
reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth
the opposite imbalance that occurs
tripping of UFLS relays
system without the availability of enough reversible
physical tests have
grid system to check first the accuracy of the
oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted
and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
just for these tests [5].
assignment algorithm
Lyon, 15-
As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of
conditioned by its adoption
upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the
Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network
system stability, its effective
time and its robustness face to any
toward system stability is
solution design which is compliant with FCR
the ENTSO-E Network Code on
Frequency Control and Reserves [
have then been performed to test
first studies demonstra
the interest of the solution to secure
following the tripping of its
These tests have been performed
on the model of Kuching Island power system [
reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth
the opposite imbalance that occurs in K
tripping of UFLS relays, and which is fatal for the
system without the availability of enough reversible
s have been performed
grid system to check first the accuracy of the
oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted
and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
assignment algorithm
-18 June 2015
Paper 1037
4
As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of
conditioned by its adoption
upstream by the Utilities and downstream by the DER
Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network
system stability, its effective
time and its robustness face to any
is ensured by a
solution design which is compliant with FCR
E Network Code on
Frequency Control and Reserves [2]. Dynamic
have then been performed to test
demonstrate for
ecure an almost
tripping of its
These tests have been performed
on the model of Kuching Island power system [3]. The
reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth
in Kuching after a
, and which is fatal for the
system without the availability of enough reversible
been performed as well on
grid system to check first the accuracy of the
oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted
and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
18 June 2015
Paper 1037
4/5
As much of Demand Response solutions, the success of
conditioned by its adoption
DER
Firstly, the solution will have to convince the network
system stability, its effective
time and its robustness face to any
by a
solution design which is compliant with FCR
E Network Code on
Dynamic
have then been performed to test
for
an almost
tripping of its
These tests have been performed
he
reversibility of the solution proposed enables to smooth
after a
, and which is fatal for the
system without the availability of enough reversible
as well on
grid system to check first the accuracy of the
oop curve supplied, compared with the curve targeted
and then the time response of the five CEMS designed
5. CIRED 2015
Finally,
already been challenged
robustness
deployment of a cloud
interconnected
Electric
Malpensa Airport
demonstration
DER owner acceptance
On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as
usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of
success.
identi
The
targeting
domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [
would become easily compliant with the present solution,
by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters.
On the tertiary
controllers like
logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and
pumping solutions
down flexibility required. The M171
CEMS script
installation.
compliant as well.
The
lead to each CEMS at the expen
platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves
for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the
knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi,
and no port opening to become accessible from outside.
The
finally of the threshold assigned to each
from the nominal frequency it is, the less
shed
49.9Hz
ENTSO
number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz
(data from may 2005
frequency threshold assignment algorithm
limit
enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that
CIRED 2015
Finally, the robustness face to any
already been challenged
robustness would then
deployment of a cloud
interconnected
Electric headquarter,
Malpensa Airport
demonstration
DER owner acceptance
On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as
usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of
success. The three main kinds of disturbances have been
identified:
1. The complexity of t
existing facility
2. The cyber
connect the DER to a communication channel
3. The number and the length of DER shedding events.
The complexity of the CEMS integration
targeting specific loads,
domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [
would become easily compliant with the present solution,
by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters.
On the tertiary
controllers like
logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and
pumping solutions
down flexibility required. The M171
CEMS script
installation. Some other domestic and tertiary could be
compliant as well.
The cyber-security issues
lead to each CEMS at the expen
platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves
for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the
knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi,
and no port opening to become accessible from outside.
The question
finally of the threshold assigned to each
from the nominal frequency it is, the less
shedding occurs
49.9Hz is on average
ENTSO-E Northern Europe synchronous area, the
number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz
(data from may 2005
frequency threshold assignment algorithm
limit a frequency range of operation
enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that
23
robustness face to any
already been challenged in the previous paragraph
would then be challenged in 2015 by the
deployment of a cloud-oriented demonstrator, controlling
interconnected DER. These DER are
headquarter, Grenoble INP buildings
Malpensa Airport and ICCS
demonstration field tests.
DER owner acceptance
On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as
usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of
The three main kinds of disturbances have been
complexity of the CEMS
existing facility.
cyber-security issues inherent to the need to
connect the DER to a communication channel
The number and the length of DER shedding events.
complexity of the CEMS integration
specific loads, as
domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [
would become easily compliant with the present solution,
by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters.
On the tertiary side, the association of variable speed
controllers like the Altivar
logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and
pumping solutions is willing
down flexibility required. The M171
CEMS script and connects
Some other domestic and tertiary could be
compliant as well.
security issues are
lead to each CEMS at the expen
platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves
for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the
knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi,
and no port opening to become accessible from outside.
question of shedding event
finally of the threshold assigned to each
from the nominal frequency it is, the less
ding occurs. While the frequency threshold of
on average reached up to 339 times per day,
E Northern Europe synchronous area, the
number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz
(data from may 2005 to april 2006,
frequency threshold assignment algorithm
frequency range of operation
enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that
23rd International Conference on Electricity Distribution
robustness face to any ICT
in the previous paragraph
be challenged in 2015 by the
oriented demonstrator, controlling
. These DER are located in
Grenoble INP buildings
ICCS facilities (Greece
DER owner acceptance
On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as
usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of
The three main kinds of disturbances have been
he CEMS integration
security issues inherent to the need to
connect the DER to a communication channel
The number and the length of DER shedding events.
complexity of the CEMS integration
as described in
domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [
would become easily compliant with the present solution,
by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters.
the association of variable speed
[7] with an M171 [
logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and
is willing to provide easily
down flexibility required. The M171 embed
cts to existing
Some other domestic and tertiary could be
are partly solved
lead to each CEMS at the expense of the coordination
platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves
for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the
knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi,
and no port opening to become accessible from outside.
shedding event occurrence
finally of the threshold assigned to each
from the nominal frequency it is, the less
While the frequency threshold of
reached up to 339 times per day,
E Northern Europe synchronous area, the
number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz
april 2006, [9]). The
frequency threshold assignment algorithm
frequency range of operation
enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
ICT disturbance
in the previous paragraph. Such
be challenged in 2015 by the
oriented demonstrator, controlling
located in Schneider
Grenoble INP buildings, Milano
Greece) as Dream
On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as
usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of
The three main kinds of disturbances have been
integration on an
security issues inherent to the need to
connect the DER to a communication channel.
The number and the length of DER shedding events.
complexity of the CEMS integration is addressed
described in Fig. 3. On the
domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [
would become easily compliant with the present solution,
by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters.
the association of variable speed
M171 [8], the last
logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and
easily the up and
embeds directly
existing sensors of the
Some other domestic and tertiary could be
solved by giving the
se of the coordination
platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves
for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the
knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi,
and no port opening to become accessible from outside.
occurrence depends
finally of the threshold assigned to each DER: the further
from the nominal frequency it is, the less frequency
While the frequency threshold of
reached up to 339 times per day,
E Northern Europe synchronous area, the
number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz
. The ability of the
frequency threshold assignment algorithm (Fig. 6)
frequency range of operation for each DER
enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
has
. Such
be challenged in 2015 by the
oriented demonstrator, controlling
Schneider
Milano
Dream1
On the DER side, a limited disturbance of business as
usual DER owner activity will constitute a key factor of
The three main kinds of disturbances have been
on an
security issues inherent to the need to
The number and the length of DER shedding events.
is addressed by
. On the
domestic side, existing energy boxes like Wiser [6]
would become easily compliant with the present solution,
by controlling the tripping of boiler or electric heaters.
the association of variable speed
], the last
logic controller from Schneider Electric for HVAC and
the up and
the
of the
Some other domestic and tertiary could be
by giving the
se of the coordination
platform: each of them requests upstream by themselves
for a frequency threshold update, that requires only the
knowledge by the CEMS of building network’s proxi,
and no port opening to become accessible from outside.
depends
DER: the further
frequency
While the frequency threshold of
reached up to 339 times per day, in
E Northern Europe synchronous area, the
number of events fall to 7.8 at 49.85Hz and 0.7 at 49.9Hz
ability of the
) to
each DER
enables to consider DER owner contribution wishes, that
is willing to reduce its adoption relectance.
events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb
the DER processes (at 49.
with an average duration of 1.5s [
CONCLUSION
The present concept has been developed with the
objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue
of lack of frequency
locations
convince Utilities
through
business models for the whole power system chain
will
to 2016.
Acknowledgments
The development of this concept has been sponsored by
Schneider Electric, Energy BU,
the European Commission within the framework of
Dream
n°
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
International Conference on Electricity Distribution
is willing to reduce its adoption relectance.
events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb
the DER processes (at 49.
with an average duration of 1.5s [
CONCLUSION
The present concept has been developed with the
objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue
of lack of frequency
locations, including
convince Utilities
through new demonstration
business models for the whole power system chain
will be Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP
to 2016.
Acknowledgments
The development of this concept has been sponsored by
Schneider Electric, Energy BU,
the European Commission within the framework of
Dream FP7 European project
n° 609359.
REFERENCES
ENTSO-E, 2004, “
Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy
ENTSO-E, "Network Code on Load
Reserves" ENTSO
AISBL, Brussels, Belgium, Dec
Denis Lee Hau Aik,
model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and
applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21,
no.2, pp.709,717, May 2
G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S
Glatigny, "Distributed
Frequency-controlled reserves supply",
Eindhoven IEEE
G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A.
Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control
Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and
Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session.
Schneider Electric, 2014, "
for the home, Bring the essenc
Electric, Paris, France
Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive
3-phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW
Schneider Electric, Paris, France
Schneider Electric, 2014, "Modicon
Controller, Hardware User M
France
Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating
frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data,"
Energy Society General Meeting
Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE
pp.1,5, 20-24 July 2008
is willing to reduce its adoption relectance.
events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb
the DER processes (at 49.8Hz, 95% last less than 27s,
with an average duration of 1.5s [
CONCLUSION
The present concept has been developed with the
objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue
of lack of frequency-controlled reserves in some
, including microgrid
convince Utilities and DER owners
demonstration
business models for the whole power system chain
Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP
Acknowledgments
The development of this concept has been sponsored by
Schneider Electric, Energy BU,
the European Commission within the framework of
FP7 European project
REFERENCES
, 2004, “FINAL REPORT of the Investigation
Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy
E, "Network Code on Load
Reserves" ENTSO-E Definitions and Acronyms", ENTSO
AISBL, Brussels, Belgium, Dec
Lee Hau Aik, A general
model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and
applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21,
no.2, pp.709,717, May 2006.
G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S
Glatigny, "Distributed and Coordinated Demand Response for
controlled reserves supply",
Eindhoven IEEE, in press (abstract
G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A.
Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control
Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and
Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session.
Schneider Electric, 2014, "Wiser: energy management solutions
for the home, Bring the essenc
Electric, Paris, France
Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive
phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW
Schneider Electric, Paris, France
Schneider Electric, 2014, "Modicon
Controller, Hardware User M
Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating
frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data,"
Society General Meeting
Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE
24 July 2008
Lyon, 15-
is willing to reduce its adoption relectance.
events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb
8Hz, 95% last less than 27s,
with an average duration of 1.5s [9]).
The present concept has been developed with the
objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue
controlled reserves in some
microgrid. Next step is now to
and DER owners of its robustness,
demonstrations and to define suitable
business models for the whole power system chain
Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP
The development of this concept has been sponsored by
Schneider Electric, Energy BU, Utility Innovation and
the European Commission within the framework of
FP7 European project [2], under grant agreement
FINAL REPORT of the Investigation
Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy
E, "Network Code on Load-Frequency Control and
E Definitions and Acronyms", ENTSO
AISBL, Brussels, Belgium, Dec 2012.
A general-order system frequency response
model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and
applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21,
G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S
and Coordinated Demand Response for
controlled reserves supply", PowerTech 2015 IEEE
abstract waiting for approval).
G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A.
Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control
Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and
Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session.
Wiser: energy management solutions
for the home, Bring the essence of energy efficiency
Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive
phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW
Schneider Electric, Paris, France
Schneider Electric, 2014, "Modicon M171 Performance Logic
Controller, Hardware User Manual", Schneider Electric, Paris,
Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating
frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data,"
Society General Meeting - Conversion and Delivery of
Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE
-18 June 2015
Paper 1037
5
is willing to reduce its adoption relectance. Moreover the
events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb
8Hz, 95% last less than 27s,
The present concept has been developed with the
objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue
controlled reserves in some
Next step is now to
of its robustness,
and to define suitable
business models for the whole power system chain. That
Schneider Electric and Grenoble INP priority up
The development of this concept has been sponsored by
Utility Innovation and
the European Commission within the framework of
, under grant agreement
FINAL REPORT of the Investigation
Committee on the 28 September 2003 Blackout in Italy”
Frequency Control and
E Definitions and Acronyms", ENTSO-
order system frequency response
model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and
applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21,
G. Lebel, D. Wang, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou and A.
and Coordinated Demand Response for
PowerTech 2015 IEEE
waiting for approval).
G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A.
Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control
Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and
Power System, Lyon 2014. Student Poster Session.
Wiser: energy management solutions
e of energy efficiency", Schneider
Schneider Electric, 2011, "Altivar 212 Variable Speed Drive for
phase asynchronous motors from 0.75 to 75 kW, Catalogue
Performance Logic
anual", Schneider Electric, Paris,
Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating
frequency quality of Nordic system using PMU data," Power and
Conversion and Delivery of
Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE , vol., no.,
18 June 2015
Paper 1037
5/5
Moreover the
events last few seconds only, that is not willing to disturb
8Hz, 95% last less than 27s,
The present concept has been developed with the
objective to propose one solution to the appearing issue
controlled reserves in some
Next step is now to
of its robustness,
and to define suitable
hat
priority up
The development of this concept has been sponsored by
Utility Innovation and
the European Commission within the framework of
, under grant agreement
FINAL REPORT of the Investigation
Frequency Control and
-E
order system frequency response
model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and
applications," Power Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.21,
. Bediou and A.
and Coordinated Demand Response for
PowerTech 2015 IEEE
G. Lebel, K. Kuypers, R. Caire, N. Hadjsaid, S. Bediou, and A.
Glatigny, "Domestic Demand Response for Primary Control
Support", CIGRE International Colloquium on Lightning and
Wiser: energy management solutions
", Schneider
for
, Catalogue",
Performance Logic
anual", Schneider Electric, Paris,
Zhao Xu; Ostergaard, J.; Togeby, M.; Isleifsson, F.R., "Evaluating
Power and
Conversion and Delivery of
, vol., no.,