Description of Primary Support's concept business and industrial interest for the supply of Frequency Containment Reserve (FCR) based on a coordinated modulation of Distributed Energy Ressources (DER).

1. • Deploy DER controllers which embed a sub-
meter and frequency-controlled relays, with
remotelly controllable threshold
• Gather the effective power consumption of each
load
• Build a stairs droop curve that approach the
conventional droop curve of bulk generation unit
by assigning a specific threshold to each load
• Send down the frequency threshold to each DER
controller
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Numberofevents
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Daily number of load modulation events expected depending on the frequency threshold
Frequency Threshold (in Hz)
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Duration(inhr)
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NoModulation
Daily duration of load modulation expected depending on the frequency threshold
Opportunities of DER
…but it is as well:
•compliant with wide range of DERs
•characterized by short and limited
events simply addressable by DER:
ProcessChallenges of FCR
The FCR is…
• a costly service for the European
TSOs:
• impacted by the conventional assets
phasing-out:
• Tackled by a diminution of the
system frequency’s quality :
DISTRIBUTED AND COORDINATED DEMAND RESPONSE FOR THE
SUPPLY OF FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)
a VPP that coordinates distributed loads modulation for Ancillary Services supply to the Utilities
The Magritte Group called in 2014 for immediate measures to safeguard the European Power
System infrastructures that could be weakened by the closure of Gigawatts of bulk generation
units across Europe. One challenge is to replace these historic suppliers of Frequency
Containment Reserves (FCR). The VPP we are developing could so provide a first answer to such
power system stability issue by transferring the supply of FCR to distributed loads.
VIRTUAL POWER PLANT (VPP), DEMAND RESPONSE (DR), SMART GRID,
POWER SYSTEM STABILITY, FREQUENCY CONTAINMENT RESERVE (FCR)
KEY
WORDS
CIRED 2015 poster session – paper n°1037 – session n°4
Gaspard LEBEL
Raphaël CAIRE
Nouredine HADJSAID
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, G2Elab – France
Karel KUYPERS
TUE Eindhoven – The Netherland
Stéphane BEDIOU
Alain GLATIGNY
Schneider Electric – France
Evolution of frequency deviation in the Northern
Europe Synchronous Area over the 15 last years
(source: ENTSO-E)
Project Chronology
Milano Airport
GreEn-ER
Building
Sept
2015
Sept
2016
Sept
2014
Jan
2014
June
2015
On-site demonstration
Algorithm developmentsKick-off
Pre-industrial coord.
platform development
In-lab tests
gaspard.lebel@g2elab.grenoble-inp.fr gaspard-lebel @gaspardlebel
Evolution of the French conventional thermal plant
capacity (excluding nuclear) (source: RTE 2014)
Estimated FCR
Gross Product
CE 400M€/year
GB 88M€/year
IRE 2.4M€/year
NE 200M€/year
Tot
Europe
≈700M€/year
FCR in Europe: 5.36GW+ / 5.1GW-
300MW
600MW+/
350MW-
1600MW
3000MW
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Maxduration(inmin)
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* statistical maximum lengh
for 95% of the events
Maximum* duration of load modulation events depending on the frequency threshold (in min)
Frequency Threshold (in Hz)
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Meanduration(ins)
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Mean duration of load modulation events depending on the frequency threshold (in s)
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