This document summarizes a project that aims to enhance sorghum grain yield and quality in West Africa using Backcross Nested Association Mapping. The objectives are to develop improved breeding material using genetic diversity, phenotype materials in target environments, identify genomic regions associated with traits, and build national breeding capacity. The project components include population development from parental crosses, multi-site phenotyping of over 50 traits, data analysis, and capacity building. Early results show population development was successful and phenotyping is underway to identify promising lines for further yield trials, genotyping, and analysis to identify genomic regions for molecular breeding approaches.

1. Enhancing sorghum grain yield and quality for the
Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa using the
Backcross Nested Association
Mapping (BCNAM) approach
Niaba Teme et al.2013
Start : July 2010
End : June 2014
Related GCP project G7010-05.01
GRM-LISBON 27-30 SEPT-2013
1

2. SORGHUM STAT IN MALI
2

3. OBJECTIVES
•Develop improved experimental material with enlarged
genetic basis in an elites adapted background.
•Phenotype improved materials in the target environments
•Identify key genomic regions that accounts for phenotypic
performance.
•Initiate efficient molecular based breeding approaches
•Enhance capacity of national breeding programs for wider
use of germplasm diversity using molecular tools
3

4. COMPONENTS
•Population development
•Population phenotyping
•Data Management and analysis
• Capacity building
4

5. POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
Figure 1 – parental lines crossing scheme
for BC1 population development
5

6. Figure 2 - Neighbor joining tree of the
BCNAM parental lines using 1320 SNPs
markers
POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
6

7. POPULATION DEVELOPMENT-
Hand emasculation/ms3
Offseason seedling preparation
Figure 3 - BC1F3 Population development
offseason at Sotuba station. flowering
initiation by providing short day to plant
with (white boxes)
7

8. POPULATION DEVELOPMENT
Figure 4. Selection pressure at BC1F2 level, 2009 rainy
season. Extreme Genotypes in maturity and height are
discarded, 3 plants selfed , 1 maintained for BC1F3
8
57 POPULATIONS
6300 FAMILIES-BC1F4
70-200 FAMILIES/POPULATION

9. EARLY PHENOTYPING
Cinzana
Sotuba
BAMAKO
TOMBOUCTOU
GAO
MOPTIKAYES
SEGOU
SIKASSO Kolombada
Côte d’ivoire
Guinée
Sénégal
Mauritanie
Niger
Burkina Faso
Algérie
Figure 5. phenotyping sites
9

10. EARLY PHENOTYPING-
Augmented Design-
Each population randomized
Two dates of planting- two-three weeks apart
Sites: SB1, SB2, CZ1, CZ2
Families in sub block of 10
RP is check in eack sub block.
Plot = 1 row of 4m
Spacing: 0.75 m between row and 0.40 m between hill
10 hills/row
150 kg/ha DAP planting time
100 kg/ha urea at 30 and 45 days after emergence
10
2150 FAMILIES

11. EARLY PHENOTYPING: > 50 TRAITS MEASURED
Figure 6. Early phenotyping, SB2-2012 11

12. Figure 7: Box plot of days to flag leaf ligulation-SB1
GR//SC566-14
GR//B35
GR//CSM63
GR//Framida
GR//E36-1
GR//IS23540
GR//Gadiaba
GR//Konotene
GR//CSM417
GR//CSM388
GR//White Kaur
GR//IS15401
GR//Fara
KK//B35
KK//E36-1
KK//CSM417
KK//IS15401
KK//Fara
50 70 90 110 130
KK GR
Figure 8:Box plot of grain yield (kg/ha)-SB1
GR//SC566-14
GR//B35
GR//CSM63
GR//Framida
GR//E36-1
GR//IS23540
GR//Gadiaba
GR//Konotene
GR//CSM417
GR//CSM388
GR//White Kaur
GR//IS15401
GR//Fara
KK//B35
KK//E36-1
KK//CSM417
KK//IS15401
KK//Fara
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
GRKK
EARLY PHENOTYPING
Maturity variation SB1 Grain yield variation SB1
12

13. 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
11-1IS15401//GR
12-1Lata3//GR
2-1Fara//GR
20-1IS23540//GR
31-1B35//GR
35-1Konotene//GR
36-1SC566-14//GR
37-1Framida//GR
38-1CSM417//GR
39-1CSM63//GR
40-1CSM388//GR
41-1Gadiaba//GR
42-1WhiteKaur//GR
8-1E36-1//GR
Grikan
SB1
Moyenne Maximum
Rendementgrainkg/ha
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
11-2IS15401//GR
2-2Fara//GR
20-2IS23540//GR
31-2B35//GR
35-2Konotene//GR
36-2SC566-14//GR
37-2Framida//GR
38-2CSM417//GR
39-2CSM63//GR
40-2CSM388//GR
41-2Gadiaba//GR
42-2WhiteKaur//GR
8-2E36-1//GR
Grinkan
SB2
Moyenne Maximum
Rendementgrainkg/ha
GRAIN YIELD-SB1 GRAIN YIELD-SB2
EARLY PHENOTYPING
Figures 8: grain yield SB 2013 13

14. 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
11-3IS15401//GR
2-3Fara//GR
20-3IS23540//GR
31-3B35//GR
35-3Konotene//GR
36-3SC566-14//GR
37-3Framida//GR
38-3CSM417//GR
39-3CSM63//GR
40-3CSM388//GR
41-3Gadiaba//GR
42-3WhiteKaur//GR
8-3E36-1//GR
CSM388
CZ1
Moyenne Maximum
Rendementgrainkg/ha
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
11-4IS15401//GR
2-4Fara//GR
31-4B35//GR
35-4Konotene//GR
38-4CSM417//GR
39-4CSM63//GR
40-4CSM388//GR
41-4Gadiaba//GR
42-4WhiteKaur//GR
GR
CZ2
Moyenne Maximum
Rendementgrainkg/ha
EARLY PHENOTYPING
GRAIN YIELD-CZ1 GRAIN YIELD-CZ2
Figures 9: grain yield CZ-2013 14

15. EARLY YIELD TRIAL OF PROMISING BC1F5-2013
48 failies-BC1F4
Three sites: SB, CZ, FK
Two rep
Two row plot
Figure 10: BCNAM early yield trial-SB
15

16. CAPACITY BUILDING
•Training of 11 young Malians on IBP
•2 PhD students in plant breeding
•1 MSc in plant breeding
•Trained more than 15 BSc in plant breeding and phenotyping
•Irrigation infrastructure for year around plant breeding
•Experimental land availability
•Offices, weather stations and computers available
•Seed storage facility is under construction
16

17. EARLY ONCLUSION
•BC1F4 populations created important source of genetic diversity for
the breeding programs.
•Multi-site phenotyping is under way now and may continue in 2014
• Genotyping and QTL mapping are yet to be achieved.
17

18. FUTURE
•Advancement of the BC1 population to F6-7- fund needed
•Multilocal yield trial of promising families/lines
•Seed increase- fund needed
•Genotyping of BC1F3 families??
•Phenotypic data analysis of populations-fund need
• Multi-allelic MARS scheme- Fund needed
•Dual purpose phenotyping- fund needed
• Capacity building- human resources
18

19. THANK YOU
MERCI
THANK YOU
MERCI 19
Acknowledgments
•GCP for the financial support and advice
•IER and ICRISAT for research facilities
•CIRAD for the scientific support and advice
•All support staffs involved in the conduct,
collect and analysis of field data