brief notes on factors that affect language learning strategies

1. GGGV1244 LEARNER STRATEGIES
5 FACTORS THAT AFFECT LANGUAGE
LEARNING STRATEGIES
FOR : PROF. MOHAMED AMIN BIN EMBI
IZHANI FARHANA BINTI NOR AZAM
A143828
TESL / FACULTY OF EDUCATION

2. #1 ) LEARNER’S LEVEL OF PROFICIENCY
 Studies by O’Malley et al showed, intermediate
students use more metacognitive strategies than
beginners
 Another studies by Chen (1990) showed, highproficient learners employ linguistic-based
communication more that low-proficient learners.
 Cognitive and metacognitive strategies are mostly
used by high-proficiency learners.

3. #2 ) MOTIVATION
 McIntyre and Noel (1996) reported that those who are
motivated tend to adopt more strategies and always
use them.
 Tamada (1996) and Chang and Huang (1999) also did
a study on instumental and integrative motivational
affect on language learning strategies and they agreed
that number of language learning strategies are
associated with motivational level.

4. #3 ) LEARNER’S LEARNING STYLE
 Learners’ learning style are mostly depending on the
learner him/herself.
 Studies showed,
EXTROVERTS – prefer social strategies
INTROVERTS – prefer metacognitive strategies
Students who prefer group works will use social and
interactive strategies.

5. #4 ) GENDER
 Majority of studies reported females use language
learning strategies more frequently than males.
 FEMALES : prefer to use social and metacognitive the
most and memory strategies the least
 MALES : prefer to use metacognitive and
compensation the most and affective strategies the
least

6. #5 ) EXPERIENCES IN STUDYING A LANGUAGE
 Experience in studying a language does affect language
learning strategies.
 Opper, Teichler, and Carlson’s (1990) studied studying
abroad may affect learners’ thought and learning styles.
 Oxford’s (1996) conclude there are other factors such as
culture and nationality that influence learner’s language
learning strategies. Experience in language learning also
being put as one of the main factor that can affect language
learning strategies.