Gender and development

1. REVIEW
of GAD
Concepts

2. WHAT IS GAD?
• GAD stands for –
– Gender And Development
• It is the childbirth of –
– The global movement for women’s
advancement; and
– The universal thrust to attain development

3. Gender and Development
• refers to the development
perspective and process that are
participatory and empowering,
equitable, sustainable, free from
violence, respectful of human rights,
supportive of self-determination and
actualization of human potentials.

4. Gender and Development
• It seeks to achieve gender equality as a
fundamental value that should be
reflected in development choices; seeks to
transform society's social, economic, and
political structures and questions the
validity of the gender roles they ascribed
to women and men; contends that women
are active agents of development and not
just passive recipients of development
assistance; and stresses the need of
women to organize themselves and
participate in political processes to
strengthen their legal rights.

5. Gender Equity
• refers to the policies, instruments,
programs, services, and actions that
address the disadvantaged position
of women in society by providing
them preferential treatment and
affirmative action.

6. – Ensure that strategies and measures
must be available to compensate for
women’s historical and social
disadvantages that prevent women and
men from otherwise operating on a
level playing field.
Equity leads to equality.

7. Gender Equality
• refers to the principle asserting the
equality of men and women and their
right to enjoy equal conditions
realizing their full human potentials to
contribute to and benefit from the
results of development, and with the
State recognizing that all human
beings are free and equal in dignity
and rights.

8. Gender Equality -
• requires equal enjoyment by women
and men of socially-valued goods,
opportunities, resources and
rewards.
Gender equality does not mean that men
and women become the same; only that
access to opportunities and life changes is
neither dependent on, nor constrained by,
their sex.

9. Substantive Equality
– full and equal enjoyment of rights and
freedoms

10. Why is Gender Equality important?
• It is intrinsically linked to sustainable development
and is vital to the realization of human rights for
all.
• Within the context of population and development
programs, gender equality is critical because it will
enable women and men to make decisions that
impact more positively on their own sexual and
reproductive health as well as that of their
spouses and families.
– Decision-making with regard to such issues as
age at marriage, timing of births, use of
contraception, and recourse to harmful
practices (such as female genital cutting)
stands to be improved with the achievement of
gender equality.

11. Is Gender Equality a concern for Men?
Yes!
Why?

12. BECAUSE…
the lives of men are just as strongly
influenced by gender as those of women.
Societal norms and practices about
“masculinity” and expectations of men as
leaders, husbands or sons create demands on
men and shape their behavior.
Socialization in the family and later in schools
promotes risk-taking behaviour among young
men, and this is often reinforced through peer
pressure and media stereotypes. So the
lifestyles that men’s roles demand often result
in their being more exposed to greater risks of
morbidity and mortality than women. These
risks include ones relating to accidents,
violence and alcohol consumption.

13. Vehicle to attain Gender Equality?
• Women Empowerment with a focus on
identifying and redressing power
imbalances and giving women more
autonomy to manage their own lives.
• Ensuring that decision-making at private
and public levels, and access to
resources are no longer weighted in
men’s favor so that both women and
men can fully participate as equal
partners in productive and reproductive
life.

14. • The provision, availability, and
accessibility of opportunities, services,
and observance of human rights which
enable women to actively participate
and contribute to the political, economic,
social, and cultural development of the
nation as well as those which shall
provide them equal access to
ownership, management, and control of
production, and of material and
informational resources and benefits in
the family, community, and society.
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15. Equality between men and women exists -
• when both sexes are able to share equally
in the distribution of power and influence;
• have equal opportunities for financial
independence through work or through
setting up businesses;
• enjoy equal access to education and the
opportunity to develop personal ambitions,
interests and talents;
• share responsibility for the home and
children and are completely free from
coercion, intimidation and gender-based
violence both at work and at home.

16. Importance of taking into account gender
concerns in program designs and
implementation -
• there are differences between the
roles of men and women,
differences that demand different
approaches.
• there is systemic inequality
between men and women.

17. How do you integrate gender
concerns?
GENDER
MAINSTREAMING

18. Gender Mainstreaming
• refers to the strategy for making
women's as well as men's concerns and
experiences an integral dimension of the
design, implementation, monitoring, and
evaluation of policies and programs in all
political, economic, and societal spheres
so that women and men benefit equally
and inequality is not perpetuated.
• It is the process of assessing the
implications for women and men of any
planned action, including legislation,
policies, or programs in all areas and at
all levels.