2. Assessment involving the use of information and
communication technologies (ICT). ICT can be used
(a) to deliver traditional assessment formats more
effectively and efficiently, and
(b) to change the way competencies are assessed
and develop formats that facilitate the assessment of
competencies that have been difficult to capture with
traditional assessment formats
ICT – Based Assessment
3. 1. Download Zipgrade
2. Navigate and explore the features of
Zipgrade
3. Customize answer sheets
Objectives
4. A teacher’s tool that can
check papers in seconds.
(https://www.zipgrade .com/)
5. What are the features of
ZipGrade?
Grade papers
instantly using your
phone or tablet
6. Scan and grade papers in one step
Review results immediately with students
Export Results to PDF
Item Analysis for whole class perspective
Save hours of grading each day
7. QUICK, ACCURATE, AND
ORGANIZED
• ZipGrade knows when a paper is in focus and is
ready to be graded.
• The phone will vibrate when an image is acquired
to let you know its is ready to scan another.
• Scan, grade and organize up to 20 tests per minute
8. FLEXIBLE
• With multiple answer sheets sizes and forms.
• The answer sheet are licensed via Creative
Commons (BY-NC/3.0) which means you are
allowed to customized , update, and distribute to
others. Some teachers even laminated answer
sheets to make them reusable
13. COST EFFECTIVE
• ZipGrade is free to download and scan 100
papers per month free. Unlimited can be had
for not much more than the price of a cup of
coffee. And answer sheets are free to
download from the website.
14. INSTANT FEEDBACK
•Many teachers now grade as soon
as students complete a quiz or test.
Students receive immediate
feedback and teachers can redirect
differentiated learning quickly.
21. ITEM ANALYSIS
ITEM DIFFICULTY
Item difficulty is a percentage of
students scoring correctly on the item.
Difficulty Index Item Difficulty
85% and above Easy
51%-84% Moderate
Below 50% Difficult
(From Lord, F.M. “The Relationship of the Reliability of Multiple-Choice Test to the Distribution
of Item Difficulties,” Psychometrika, 1952, 18, 181-194.)
22. ITEM ANALYSIS
DISCRIMINATION FACTOR/INDEX
The discriminant factor is a correlation
between students that answer this question
correctly and how well those students
performed on the test overall. Expressed as a
decimal between -1 and +1, a positive
discriminant factor indicates that students
that did well on this question did well on the
overall test.
A strong negative value may indicate a poorly
written question or incorrectly keyed answer.
https://support.zipgrade.com/hc/en-us/articles/204847865-What-is-the-Discriminant-Factor-in-item-analysis-
23. ITEM ANALYSIS
TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION INDEX
1. Positive Discrimination
2. Negative Discrimination
3. Zero Discrimination
Ebel (1986) and Hetzel (1997)
24. ITEM ANALYSIS
DISCRIMINATION FACTOR
The power of the item to discriminate
the students between those who scored
high and those who scored low in the
overall test.
Index Range Discrimination Level
0.19 and below Poor item, to be eliminated
or revised
0.20 – 0.29 Marginal Item, Needs some
revision
0.30 – 0.39 Reasonably good item but
possibly for improvement
0.40 and above Very good item
Ebel (1986) and Hetzel (1997)
