How is a process shown in a DFD(data flow diagramSolution Data.pdf

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How is a process shown in a DFD(data flow diagram? Solution Data Flow Diagram provides a visual representation of the flow of information within a system. With sketching a Data Flow Diagram, you can notify the information provided by and delivered to someone who takes part in system processes, the information required in order to complete the processes and the information needed to be stored and accessed. A context diagram is a data flow diagram that only illustrates the top level, or else known as Level 0. At this level, there is only one able to be seen process node that represents the functions of a complete system in regards to how it interacts with external entities. DFD is non-deterministic - The numbering does not necessarily indicate sequence, it\'s useful in identifying the processes when discussing with users. Process labels should be verb phrases; data stores are represented by nouns. A data store must be associated to at least a process. An external entity must be associated to at least a process. Data stores should not be connected to an external entity, otherwise, it would mean that you\'re giving an external entity direct access to your data files. Data flows should not exist between 2 external entities without going through a process.

How is a process shown in a DFD(data flow diagram?
Solution
Data Flow Diagram provides a visual representation of the flow of information within a system.
With sketching a Data Flow Diagram, you can notify the information provided by and delivered
to someone who takes part in system processes, the information required in order to complete the
processes and the information needed to be stored and accessed. A context diagram is a data flow
diagram that only illustrates the top level, or else known as Level 0. At this level, there is only
one able to be seen process node that represents the functions of a complete system in regards to
how it interacts with external entities. DFD is non-deterministic - The numbering does not
necessarily indicate sequence, it's useful in identifying the processes when discussing with
users. Process labels should be verb phrases; data stores are represented by nouns. A data store
must be associated to at least a process. An external entity must be associated to at least a
process. Data stores should not be connected to an external entity, otherwise, it would mean that
you're giving an external entity direct access to your data files. Data flows should not exist
between 2 external entities without going through a process

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Refer to the following figure which contains drafts of a context and level-0 DFD for a University class CHAPTER 7 STRUCTURING SYSTEM PR TABLE 7-2 Rules Governing Data Flow Diagramming Process: A. No process can have only outputs. It would be making data from nothing (a miracle). If an object has only outputs, then it must be a source B. No process can have only inputs (a black hole). If an object has only inputs, then it must be a sink C. A process has a verb phrase label. Data Store: D. Data cannot move directly from one data store to another data store. Data must be moved by a process. E. Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data store. Data must be moved by a process that receives data from the source and places the data into the data store F. Data cannot move directly to an outside sink from a data store. Data must be moved by a process. G. A data store has a noun phrase label. Source/Sink: H. Data cannot move directly from a source to a sink. It must be moved by a process if the data are of any concern to our system. Otherwise, the data flow is not shown on the DFD 1. A source/sink has a noun phrase label. Data Flow: J. A data flow has only one direction of flow between symbols. It may flow in both directions between a process and a data store to show a read before an update. The latter is usually indicated, however, by two separate arrows because these happen at different times. K. A fork in a data flow means that exactly the same data goes from a common location to two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks (this usually indicates different copies of the same data going to different locations). L. A join in a data flow means that exactly the same data come from any of two or more different processes, data stores, or sources/sinks to a common location. M. A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it leaves. There must be at least one other process that handles the data flow, produces some other data flow, and returns the original data flow to the beginning process. N. A data flow to a data store means update (delete or change). 0. A data flow from a data store means retrieve or use. P. A data flow has a noun phrase label. More than one data flow noun phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on the same arrow move together as one package. (Source: Based on Celko, 1987.) Guidelines for Drawing DFDs In this section, we will consider additional guidelines for drawing DFDs that extend berond the simple mechanics of drawing diagrams and making sure that the rules listed in Tables 7-2 and 7-3 are followed. These guidelines include (1) completeness, (2) consistency, (3) timing considerations, (4) the iterative nature of drawing DFDs, and (5) primitive DFDs. Completeness The concept of DFD completeness refers to whether you have included in your DFDs all of the components necessary for the system you are modeling. If your DFD contains data flows that do not lead anywhere o.

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4. Real gross domestic prodact A. measures the value of fimal goods and services produced within the borders of a given country during a glven time period adjusted for inflation B. is a measure of the overall level of prices mcasures the value of fieal goods and services produced within the borders of a g during a given time peried using current prices C C measures the value of final goods and services D, can change froem oene year to the next even if there is no change in output 5.Which is the largest component the United States: of total expenditures in A. Net Exports B. Consumption C. Govenment Purchases D. Investment 6 Fiscal policy refers to the: A. manipulation of government spending and taxes to stabilize domestic output, employment and the peice level. B. manipulation of the money supply to stabilize domestic output, employment, and the price level. 7. In the United States, the money supply (Mi) is coemprised of: currescy, checkable deposits, and near monies (saving deposits) B. coins, paper currency, checkable deposits, and crodit balances with brokers. C. paper currency, coims, gold certificates, and time deposits D. colns, paper currency, and checkable deposits. 8. Carrency in people\'s pockets and purses are: A.?nchaled in M. but not in M, B. incladed in both fi and in Mi C. included in M6,bt not in M D. excluded from Mi and A6 because people can exchange them for Federal Reserve notes. 9. Currency held in commercial banks as reserves: A. not part of the nation\'s money supply B. included in Af, but not in Ma C included both in Mi and in Ma D. included in Ma, but not in M 10. Which definition(s) of the money supply consists of the most highly liquid assets (can quickly be converted into cash)? A. MI B, M2 C. Neither or M2 D. MI and 2 11. The value of money in the United States is based on the stock of gold and silver beld by the United Stanes government. In other words, U.S. dollar is backed up by gold/silver A. True B, False Form A- Page 12 Solution 4. The correct answer is A. 5. The correct answer is B. 6. The correct answer is A. 7. The correct answer is D. 8. The correct answer is B. 9. The correct answer is D. 10.The correct answer is A. 11. The correct answer is A..

4. Real gross domestic prodact A. measures the value of fimal goods a.pdf

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Hypothesis What is your hypothesis for the genetic characteristics (e.g. dominant/recessive, autosomal/sex-linked, etc.) of the traits you have chosen to study? What observations lead you to make this hypothesis? What phenotypes and phenotypic ratio would you predict for the offspring (the first generation, or F1 generation) of this cross? What genotypes and genotypic ratio would you predict? How did you come to this prediction? Write your explanation as a hypothesis to the experiment you are doing. Enter your answers here. Solution Hypothesis: A cross between pure breeding dominant and recessive genotypes obtain all dominant phenotypes in the F1 generation. Presence of criss cross inheritance confirms the sex linkage of the trait while same proportion of affected son and daughter is the indicator of autosomal inheritance. Dominant trait is expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous genotype while the recessive trait is expressed in homozygous genotype only. Sex linked traits exhibit criss cross inheritance (father to daughter and mother to son). The cross( for dominant/recesive)= TT x tt= Tt Phenotype- all tall Genotype= all Heterozygous (Tt) The cross (for autosomal/sex linked)= XcY (affected father) x XX (normal mother)= XcX (normal but carrier daughters): XY (normal sons)..

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