As a small island state in the Caribbean, Grenada is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. After laying the foundation for a response to climate change the Government of Grenada is now taking important steps to minimize climate risks through a systematic NAP process. This presentation explain’s Grenada’s case in building capacity for NAPs. The presentation was made by Lea Herberg, Project Manager Climate Change for the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB), at the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans Workshop, 5-7 April 2016, Rome, Italy.

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Grenada: NAP for climate-resilient decision-
making
Lea Herberg, International Climate Initiative (IKI)

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Outline
14/04/2016
I. Grenada: NAP for climate-resilient decision-making
1. Grenada’s Climate Change Profile
2. Overview ICCAS Project
3. NAP Context
4. Grenada’s mainstreaming approaches (I-IV)
5. Lessons-learned
6. Challenges
II. “Zooming in”- Integrating climate change into agricultural planning
7. Climate smart agriculture (CSA)
8. Mainstreaming CSA and CCA
9. Mainstreaming in practice (I-IV)

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1. Grenada’s Climate Change Profile
General:
• Sea level rise (conservative
estimates: up to 50cm by 2090)
• Changes in the frequency, intensity,
spatial extent, duration of extreme
weather events
• Temperature increase by 0.7 to
2.6°C by the 2060s,
• Decrease in annual rainfall (up to
41% by 2060)
• Change of ocean surface
temperature
Impacts on the agriculture sector:
• Nutmeg tree (agricultural back
bone of Grenada) vulnerable to
hurricanes due to shallow root
system
• High temperatures induce heat-
stress to livestock, especially
poultry
• Longer dry spells and overgrazing
leading to land degradation
• High ocean temperatures affect fish
stock – fish migration

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2. Overview ICCAS Project
Time frame: April 2013 – October 2016
Funds: 5.3 Mio. Euro (approx. 16 Million EC or
5.8 Million USD)
Funding: German Federal Ministry for the
Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and
Nuclear Safety (BMUB) under the International
Climate Initiative (IKI)
Implementing agencies: The Environment Unit
of the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands, Forestry,
Fisheries and the Environment; German Agency
for International Cooperation (GIZ) and the
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
NAP: Process led by the Environment Division
with technical assistance by GIZ

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3. NAP Context
Even before the initiation of the NAP process in Grenada, adaptation
actions have already been discussed/ identified for different sectors
(although sometimes not labelled “adaptation”), for example:
• Grenada’s First National
Communication
• Climate change policy and action
plan (2007-2011)
• Draft Comprehensive Disaster
Management Plan
• National Action Plan to Combat
Desertification and Drought
• National Action Plan for Biodiversity
• Climate Finance Readiness Action
Plan
• Coastal Zone Policy and Roadmap
• Physical Development Plan
• Drought Plan
• National Agriculture Plan
• Protected Areas System Plan
• Water Action Plan for Climate
Change Adaptation
• Resilience Plan for Greater Grenville
area (local area plan currently
developed)
• Mitigation Plan for Lower Sauteurs
(local area plan)
• Rehabilitation Plan for Carriacou and
Petite Martinique (local area plan)
• Etc., Etc.

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4. Grenada’s mainstreaming approaches (I)
Mainstreaming climate change into national development plans
• Integration of climate change and adaptation considerations into
National Growth and Poverty Reduction Plan 2014-2018
• Cabinet decided: new 15 year National Development Plan (2016-2030)
will be climate-proofed  Assumption: trickle down effect! Once, climate
change is in the national plan it would inform sectoral plans of different
Ministries

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4. Grenada’s mainstreaming approaches (II)
Climate risk screening as prerequisite for new government projects
• Pilot 2015: Government projects going in the budget for 2016 had to be
screened with the Caribbean Online Risk and Adaptation Tool
(CCORAL). More than 70 projects were screened. CCORAL screening
results will become a requirement for the approval process of
government projects.
• Plan for 2016/2017: Moving beyond the risk screening: Integration of
adaptation measures into selected new government projects with
assistance by the Environment Division and a CCORAL trainers
network.

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4. Grenada’s mainstreaming approaches (III)
Integrating climate change into different ministries
• 2016: Requirement of the Permanent Secretary Performance
Agreements: Integration of climate change aspects into the Ministries’
3 year plans (“Corporate Plans”) which inform the annual work plans.
• NAP process supports the development of climate change action plans
for various Ministries (8 in total). Actions can then be integrated into the
ministries’ 3 year plans and annual work plans.

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4. Grenada’s mainstreaming approaches (IV)
Integrate climate change into Environment Impact
Assessments (idea)
Include climate change assessment into the Terms of
Reference of all Environment Impact Assessments (as a
standard requirement)

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5. Lessons-learned
• Explore different entry points / approaches for climate change
mainstreaming – not everything will work out in the long run!
• Climate action needs to end-up in individual work plans connected to
budgets (many rather abstract policies and plans are not automatically
linked to budgets)
• Ministry of Planning and Cabinet Office were important drivers for
mainstreaming – convincing them is key!
• Be pragmatic and keep it simple: not everyone is a climate expert,
therefore mainstreaming support and tools should not be too technical and
easy to grasp
• Political support for the mainstreaming process can be strengthened by
linking it with climate finance readiness efforts (mainstreaming structures
in place as a favoring condition for getting access to finance)

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6. Challenges
• Limited data available, which can make decision-making for certain
sectors (infrastructure, housing, water, etc.) more difficult
• Focus is currently too much on “no-regret options” since capacity for
more in-depth risk assessment is not available
• Continuous ‘on-the job’ support required to support non-climate experts
(‘help desk’ function)
• Establishing a risk management ethic and CC awareness take time!

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“Zooming in”
Integrating climate change into agricultural
planning processes in Grenada
14.04.2016

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7. Climate smart agriculture (CSA)
Definition (FAO): “Agriculture that sustainably
increases productivity, resilience (climate
change adaptation), reduces/removes
greenhouse gases (climate change mitigation),
and enhances achievement of national food
security and development goals.”
In Grenada:
Focus on adaptation with some limited
interventions with regard to mitigation
 e.g. mini-biogas systems for pig farmers,
which have an adaptation co-benefit due to
less river pollution
• Examples of CSA practices: rain-water
harvesting, composting, mulching, contour
drains, biological pest control, shade houses
etc.

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Challenge:
• No Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment (VA) available for
agricultural sector, however action had to be taken immediately.
• A number of studies and plans exist already on adaptation in
agriculture and focus a lot on “no-regret options”
Action:
• Adaptation Plan for Agriculture Sector developed as part of the
NAP (based on 18 existing documents from the agriculture sector)
• Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in National Agriculture
Plan
• Mainstreaming CSA practices into the 3 year plan of the Ministry
of Agriculture (2016-2018) and the Work Plans 2016.
8. Mainstreaming CSA and CCA

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9. Mainstreaming in practice (I)
National Agriculture Plan
Own section on climate change - Priority No 6: “Increasing resilience to climate
change and disasters and reducing adverse impact on the environment”
In addition, climate change issues are integrated into other sections of the plan, for
example:
• Action No. 2 for Nutmegs and Mace: “Promotion of agro-forestry practices to
ensure that that nutmegs trees are protected by higher trees and come more
resistant to strong winds (such as windbreaks and shelter belts, boundary
planting etc.)”
• Action No. 2 for fruits “Increase the use of Protected Agriculture to increase the
consistency of supply and adapt to climate variability;
• Action No. 10 for fruits: “Continue irrigation and water storage support for farmers
to reduce drought risks and promote of intercropping of fruit trees and vegetables
to intercept water and fertilizer run-off and to protect soils against heavy rains.”

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9. Mainstreaming in practice (II)
3 year plan of the Ministry of Agriculture (2016-2018)
Example: 3-year plan / pillar “Food Security”
Strategic
objectives
Interventions Outcomes Performance
Indicator
1.1. Strengthen
services and
enhance production
technologies
Implement Farmer
Field School (FFS)
and applied research
programme,
including Climate
Smart Agriculture
practices to ensure
sustainability of
production.
Increased efficiency
and consistency of
production to satisfy
the four dimensions
of food and nutrition
security: availability,
accessibility,
utilization and
stability
Increase number of
farmers trained in
Farmer Field
Schools annually
Increase production
of milk and meat
annually

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9. Mainstreaming in practice (III)
Action Plan for 2016
Objective Activity Task Responsibility
1.1 Strengthen
services and
enhance
production
technologies
Implement
Farmer Field
School
Programme
Design
Programme
which also to
includes CSA
practices
Chief Agriculture
Officer ,
Extension,
Agronomy,
Research, Pest
Management
Land Use
Support by GIZ-
ICCAS

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9. Mainstreaming in practice (IV)
Work plan for the Agriculture Extension Service Division for 2016
(still needs to be finalised!)
Strategic Objective: Establishment of a Demonstration Plot
Unit Objective(s) Activities/Outputs Responsible Result Indicators/
Outcomes
To Demonstrate the
production practices in
cassava, Yams, carrots
and composting.
Establish 4 demo. plots 1 carrot
and 1 cassava
District
Supervisors
1 demo plot of cassava
1 demo plot of carrot
1 demo plot with yams
1 demo composting site
Identify farmers needs
to implement CSA
practices and could
incorporate the use of
RISE
These practices could be
rainwater harvesting,
intercropping and soil
conservation but it really
depends on the farmers’ needs.
(still to be finalised)
(still to be
finalised)
(still to be finalised)

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Thank you for your attention!
Martina Duncan – Climate Change Focal Point, Government of Grenada,
martinacduncan@gmail.com
Dieter Rothenberger – Head of GIZ-ICCAS Project in Grenada
dieter.rothenberger@giz.de
Lea Herberg – IKI focal point
lea.herberg@programmbuero-klima.de
www.international-climate-initiative.com
@iki_bmub
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