This document summarizes an AES stick project created by a group of students. The AES stick uses an ultrasonic sensor and buzzer connected to an Arduino board to help blind or visually impaired users detect objects. It works by sending ultrasonic pulses and measuring the time it takes for the echo to return, allowing the Arduino to calculate distances and trigger the buzzer accordingly. When an object is detected, the buzzer will beep to alert the user and help them estimate the distance of the object in front of them. The document also includes diagrams of the circuit and descriptions of how each component functions.
2. Main Discuss
What is AES Stick?1
How is the circuit?2
How does it work?3
How is the Arduino program?4
3. AES Stick
Stick?
This stick is designed to make
it easier for blind people to
carry out activities in
unfamiliar places and help the
elderly whose vision is
impaired. This stick has an
ultrasonic sensor which will
give a signal to the
microcontroller which will turn
it into a sound signal when
there is an object in front of it.
The sound is output of the
buzzer.
AES
What is
4. AES Stick Circuit
Arduino UNO board has 14 digital
input/output pins, 6 analog inputs,
a 16MHz ceramic resonator, USB
connection, power input plug,
ICSP header, and a reset button.
Arduino UNO
Ultrasonic sensors
consist of a transmitter
circuit and a receiver
circuit
Ultrasonic
Battery supply a DC
Voltage for the circuit
Battery
Buzzer produces
output in the form of
sound
Buzzer
5. How does It Work?
Ultrasonic Arduino Buzzer User
6. How does it Work? (continue)
Ultrasonic sensors work by sending
out a sound wave at a frequency
above the range of human hearing.
The transducer of the sensor acts
as a microphone to receive and
send the ultrasonic sound. Our
ultrasonic sensors, like many
others, use a single transducer to
send a pulse and to receive the
echo. The sensor determines the
distance to a target by measuring
time lapses between the sending
and receiving of the ultrasonic
pulse.
Ultrasonic Sensors
Arduino UNO is the most
commonly used
Microcontroller board
designed by arduino.cc in
Italy. It is important to
understand that the
Arduino board includes a
microcontroller, and this
microcontroller is what
executes the instructions in
your program.
Arduino
7. How does it Work? (continue)
The buzzer consists of an outside
case with two pins to attach it to
power and ground.
Inside is a piezo element, which
consists of a central ceramic disc
surrounded by a metal (often
bronze) vibration disc.
When current is applied to the
buzzer it causes the ceramic disk
to contract or expand. Changing
the This then causes the
surrounding disc to vibrate. That’s
the sound that you hear. By
changing the frequency of the
buzzer, the speed of the vibrations
changes, which changes the pitch
of the resulting sound.
Buzzer
The user will know that
there is something in front
of him/her if the buzzer
beeps. Users can also
estimate the distance of an
object in front of it from the
sound produced.
User
