This document provides an overview of basic residential architectural design and layout. It discusses classifications of areas in houses, including private, social, and service zones. It describes common rooms like kitchens, bedrooms, living rooms, and their optimal layouts. Guidelines are provided for minimum room sizes, heights, and spatial relationships between rooms. Key aspects covered include the kitchen work triangle, common kitchen layouts, and recommended orientations of rooms in a house.

1. Basic architectural design II
Assignment no 1
A.S.T.U.
School of Civil Engineering and
Architecture
Department of Architecture and
Urban planning
Prepared by: 1. Esmael musa…..uge/18776/11
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2. • INTRODUCTION
• Residential buildings:
• Are types of buildings that utilize half of the area for dwelling
purpose.
• Are types of buildings that answer questions raised by basic human
needs such as a safe and relaxing places both physically and
emotionally.
• Are buildings that should be both functionally and aesthetically
extreme in performance.

3. • House:
• is a single-unit residential building, which may range in complexity
from a rudimentary hut to a complex structure of wood, masonry,
concrete or other material, outfitted with plumbing, electrical, and
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.
• Houses use a range of different roofing systems to keep precipitation
such as rain from getting into the dwelling space.
• Houses may have external doors or locks to secure the dwelling
space and protect its inhabitants and contents from burglars or other
trespassers.

4. • Classifications of areas in the house:
• Areas in the house are classified into three based on the
attributes that they share.
1. Private zones: are areas that purposefully provide
conditions such as quiet , relaxing , comfortable for the
purpose of sleeping, relaxing, bathing, dressing…etc.
e.g.: bed rooms, bathrooms, dressing rooms….
2. Social zones/family zones/: are parts of the house that
are used for daily activates and entertainments.
e.g. living rooms, dining rooms…

5. 3.Service zones: are part of the house where every
household work is done, making them the busiest an
nosiest area inside the home.
• Since cooking is most common in all cultures as well as
essential for our survival kitchens are the core of service
zones.
• e.g. alcove, attic,basment,garadge,laundryrooms,home
offices , workshops, green houses , porch's , lobbies ,
stair ways, recreation rooms, verandah, terrace,….

6. • Kitchen:
• is a room or part of a room used for cooking and food
preparation in a dwelling or in a commercial
establishment.
• A modern middle-class residential kitchen is typically
equipped with a stove, a sink with hot and cold running
water, a refrigerator, and worktops and kitchen cabinets
arranged according to a modular design.
• The main functions of a kitchen are to store, prepare
and cook food (and to complete related tasks such as
dishwashing).

7. • Spatial arrangement of kitchens according to the
work triangle
• The work triangle: The work triangle evaluates a
kitchens efficiency.
• It is formed by drawing an imaginary line connecting the
sink, range, and refrigerator. These are the core of the 3
work centers.
• The triangle formed by these points are preferred if they
are regular.

8. • The kitchen should always be located near the dining
room.
• Kitchens some homes have their kitchen and dining area
in separate rooms this is called a closed plan.
• But today, more and more kitchens open into the dining
room or family room, this is called an open plan. It is
great for families who are very large or like to entertain
and have guests. Cooks can continue to prepare food
and still visit with guests or monitor children.
• Kitchens Depending on the home and its occupants,
may house additional work spaces. In small homes or
apartments the kitchen and laundry may be combined.

9. • Common kitchen layouts
• One-Wall: Frequently used in cottages & apartments
• Advantages- Fits into a narrow space. Can be screened
off, if needed. Ideal for kitchens with limited floor and
wall area. Lower cost.
• Disadvantages Much running around. Ensure that the
walk way space is at least 1200mm to allow two people to
pass one another. And to allow drawers or cupboard
doors to be opened. Limited amount of cabinet space Not
very interesting

10. • L-Shaped: Two work centers are located along one wall
and the third on the adjoining walls .
• DISADVANTAGES: Not suitable for large kitchens Efficient
work flow Less running around Modest cost Less room to
share with assistant cooks
• Advantages : Efficient work flow. Less running around.
Opens up floor space for eating area. Modest cost.

11. • Corridor: Located on two walls opposite each other.
Usually small to medium size Ideal for long, narrow rooms
Not recommended for heavy throughway traffic Open
space between the cabinets should be at least 4in .
• U-Shaped: Most popular design Retains a high level of
efficiency. No traffic through the kitchen to other areas of
the house Work triangle is compact & functional Medium
in size with open spaces between the legs of the “U”
being 5 or 6 feet.

12. Peninsula: Popular because it provides plenty of work space.
Easily joined to the dining room using the peninsula as a
divider Peninsula may be used as a cooking center
Island: Modification of the straight line, the L-shaped, or the
U-shaped design Island may house the sink, cooking center,
or food preparation Maybe serve as a countertop or snack
bar Island must be accessible from all sides At least 4’ of
clearance should be allow on all sides

14. • Height Regulation for kitchens
• The height of the kitchen measured from the floor to the
lowest point in the ceiling should not be less than 2.75m
except for the portion to accommodate floor trap of the
floor.
• However,, kitchen height should be 2.3 m over at least
75% of the required floor area with a clear height of at
least 2.1 m at any point over the required area.

15. • • Minimum floor area required is not less than 5.5 m2.
But IOBC specify that kitchen room shall have at least
4.2m2 of floor area
• • It should not be less than 1.8min width at any part.
With a separate storeroom, the area may be reduced to
4.5m2.

16. • • Ensure that appliances can all open without
interfering with one another, and that standing space is
provided.

17. • The kitchen should be provided in rear corner of the building
but NE corner is the best. It should be connected with dining
room and should have one approach from outside also.
• If possible, the kitchen should be so located that sun light
should come in the morning hours, when it is used most.
• It should have windows for good ventilation and chimney for
smoke escape. The window space should be min. of 15% of
floor area.
• Sink should be provided for washing and sufficient number of
shelves should also be provided. Sometimes storeroom and
kitchen are combined together, if less space is available.
• Standard size of kitchen rooms may range from: 2500mm (8ft)
X 3900mm (13ft) to 3000mm (10ft) X 3600mm (12ft)

18. • 2. Workshop/office:
• is a room, rooms or building which provides both the
area and tools (or machinery) that may be required for
the manufacture or repair of manufactured goods.
• Also can be used as a home office,
• it shouldn’t be viewable from entry
• should have a good flow of circulation
• as well as access to bath room and kitchen,
• should not have direct views to private zones.

19. Size of Office Room:
Office rooms should be on one side of front verandah, disconnected from other
rooms.
Sometimes an office room serves the purpose of guest room and vice versa.
Standard size of office room may be: 3000mm (10ft) X 3600mm (12ft)
Office furniture: Desks, Storage cabinets, Bookcases

20. 3. laundry room: is a room where clothes are washed and dried.
• In a modern home, a laundry room would be equipped with an
automatic washing machine and clothes dryer, and often a large basin,
called a laundry tub, for hand-washing delicate articles of clothing such
as sweaters, and an ironing board.
• A typical laundry room is located in the basement of older homes, but in
many modern homes, the laundry room might be found on the main
floor near the kitchen or upstairs near the bedrooms.
• Another typical location is adjacent to the garage and the laundry room
serves as a mudroom for the entrance from the garage. As the garage is
often at a different elevation (or grade) from the rest of the house, the
laundry room that serves as an entrance from the garage that may be
sunken from the rest of the house. This prevents or reduces the need for
stairs between the garage and the house.
• Laundry room furniture’s: Washing machine, drier, baskets, ironing stool,
rope hanger….

21. 4. Garage:
• is a walled, roofed structure for storing a vehicle or vehicles that
may be part of or attached to a home ("attached garage"), or a
separate outbuilding or shed ("detached garage").
• Residential garages typically have space for one or two cars,
although three-car garages are used.
• When a garage is attached to a house, the garage typically has an
entry door into the house, called the person door or man door, in
contrast with the wider and taller door for vehicles, called the
garage door, which can be raised to permit the entry and exit of a
vehicle and then closed to secure the vehicle.
• A garage protects a vehicle from precipitation, and, if it is
equipped with a locking garage door, it also protects the vehicle
from theft and vandalism.
• Garage furniture’s: Stools, desks, holders, mirrors ….. etc.

22. 5. Basement/store room :
• is one or more floors of a building that are completely or
partly below the ground floor. I
• t generally is used as a utility space for a building, where
such items as the boiler, water heater, breaker panel or
fuse box, car park, and air-conditioning system are
located
• so also are amenities such as the electrical distribution
system and cable television distribution point.
• Standard size of store room may range from: 2500mm
(8ft) X 2500mm (8ft) to 3000mm (10ft) X 3000mm (10ft)
• Store room furniture’s: Shelves, utility desks etc…

23. Attic:
• is a space found directly below the pitched roof of a house or
other building,
• an attic may also be called a garret. Because attics fill the space
between the ceiling of the top floor of a building and the slanted
roof, they are known for being awkwardly shaped spaces with
exposed rafters and difficult-to-reach corners.

24. VERENDAH:
• it awaiting or recreation area attached with bed room or
other rooms . it Attached to bed room family room and other
rooms
• It serves as a passage giving an independent access to other
rooms of the house and sitting in the evenings or by night
after dinner.
• its serves to look the outside of the building.
• Uses sun blocks To protects the wall of the house from being
heated by exposure to the sun rays..

25. • The best location for verandah is south and west.
• If the frontage of the building is east then they are located in
east also.
• The verandah also serves the purpose of a waiting room. It
segregates the private apartment from the entrance area.
• The veranda should shade the walls of the building during
greater part of the day.
• For this it is necessary that it must not have openings of a
height greater than 2:3rd of the floor width.
• Each house should have one front and rear verandah. If space
doesn’t permit, the rear verandah can be omitted.
• Verandah have width ranging from 1800mm (6ft) to 3000mm
(10ft)
• Verandah opening should always have a chajja projection for
protection from sunlight and rain water.

26. Relationships between service zones and the rest of
the house
• The connection between dining room and kitchen is of prime importance.
A double-swing door leading directly from one to the other is most
convenient of all.
• A pantry between dining room and kitchen has the advantage of cutting
off odors and noise; and if equipped with a sink and a china cupboard,
table dishes and silver can be washed and stored there, leaving the
kitchen free for other work.
• Laundry and furnace room, for instance, should be easily reached from the
kitchen
• In a hot climate the kitchen should if possible open onto a screened porch
• A typical laundry room is located in the basement of older homes, but in
many modern homes, the laundry room might be found on the main floor
near the kitchen or upstairs near the bedrooms

27. Recommended dimensions and areas of a house

29. Sun rise pattern and recommended orientations of
rooms inside a house