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Covid 19 MindMap
- 1.
COVID-19
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Globally,
more
than
four
million
confirmed
cases
of
COVID-19
have
been
reported.
The
number
is
increasing
daily
TRANSMISSION
1.
Person
to
person:Via
respiratory
droplets
typically
within
the
distance
of
6
feet
while
coughing,
sneezing
or
talking.
2.
Airborne:
Through
the
particles
smaller
than
droplet
that
remain
in
air
over
time
and
distance.
3.
Virus
has
been
found
in
non
respiratory
droplets
such
as
stool,
blood,
occular
secretions
and
semen,
but
the
role
of
these
sites
in
transmission
is
uncertain
TAXONOMY
Category:
Coronaviruses
Kingdom:
Riboviria
Order:
Nidovirales
Sub-Order:
Cornidovirineae
Family:
Coronaviridae
Sub-
Family:
Orthocoronaviridae
Genus:
Betacoronavirus
Sub-Genus:
Sarbecovirus
Species:
SARS-r
Coronavirus
Individuum:
SARS-CoV2
CLINICAL
FEATURES
Incubation
period:
14
days
following
exposure
Spectrum
of
Illness
severity
1.
Mild:
No
or
mild
Pneumonia
2.
Severe:
With
dyspnea,
hypoxia
or
>50%
Lung
involvement
on
imaging
within
24-48
hours
3.
Critical:
With
respiratory
failure,
shock
or
multi-organ
dysfunction
Overall
case
fatality
rate:
2.3%
RISK
FACTORS
FOR
SEVERE
ILLNESS
Cardiovascular
disease
Diabetes
mellitus
Hypertension
Chronic
lung
disease
Cancer
(in
particular
hematologic
malignancies,
lung
cancer,
and
metastatic
disease)
Chronic
kidney
disease
Obesity
Smoking
LAB
FEATURES
with
worse
outcomes
Lymphopenia
Elevated
liver
enzymes
Elevated
lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH)
Elevated
inflammatory
markers
(
eg,
C-reactive
protein
[CRP],
ferritin)
Elevated
D-dimer
(>1
mcg/mL)
Elevated
prothrombin
time
(PT)
Elevated
troponin
Elevated
creatine
phosphokinase
(CPK)
Acute
kidney
injury
Fever
in
99
percent
(note
that
fever
on
presentation
is
not
this
common
in
all
studies
Fatigue
in
70
percent
Dry
cough
in
59
percent
Anorexia
in
40
percent
Myalgias
in
35
percent
Dyspnea
in
31
percent
Sputum
production
in
27
percent
DIAGNOSIS
NAAT
(RT-PCR)
to
diagnose
current
infection
SPECIMEN
COLLECTION
One
of
the
following
Nasopharyngeal
swab
specimen,
collected
by
a
health
care
professional
Oropharyngeal
swab
specimen,
collected
by
a
health
care
professional
Nasal
swab
specimen
from
the
anterior
nares,
collected
by
a
health
care
professional
or
by
the
patient
on-site
or
at
home
Nasal
or
nasopharyngeal
wash/
aspirate,
collected
by
a
health
care
professional
MANAGEMENT
Symptomatic
and
Supportive
Antiviral
drugs
are
under
study
to
reduce
the
course
of
the
disease
such
as
Fapilavir,
Remdesivir.
Furthe
studies
are
required
PREVENTION
Infection
control
in
health
care
setting
Personal
Preventive
measures:
Social
distancing
Diligent
hand
washing,
particularly
after
touching
surfaces
in
public.
Use
of
hand
sanitizer
that
contains
at
least
60
percent
alcohol
is
a
reasonable
alternative
if
the
hands
are
not
visibly
dirty.
Respiratory
hygiene
(eg,
covering
the
cough
or
sneeze).
Avoiding
touching
the
face
(in
particular
eyes,
nose,
and
mouth).
Cleaning
and
disinfecting
objects
and
surfaces
that
are
frequently
touched.