2. Alfred “V” – In the 1920’s I was going on a
trip, I was frozen into ice there, and I am still
there today!
Alfred Wegener- Alfred was a German
Meteorologist. He proposed that over time,
the continents have been moving.
Continental Drift- Continental Drift is the slow
process of the continents moving apart.
Alfred believes that the continents once fit
together.
Pangaea- Pangaea is what scientists call
what all of the continents formed before
continental drift. In Greek, Pangaea meant all
Earth.
Evidence- Alfred found evidence of
continental drift. The first piece of evidence
was that the continents appear as if they
should all fit together. The second piece of
evidence was that there were some of the
same fossils found in South America and
Africa. The third piece of evidence was that
they found the same type of rock in different
continents. The last piece of evidence is
climate change, there used to be glaciers in
what are now tropical places.
3. Alfred “V”- The Inner Core is the hottest out of all of the sections!
Inner Core- The Inner Core is made out of all Iron. It is 2800 Km. long, and
1500•°.
Outer Core- The Outer Core consists of mostly iron along with other metals.
The Outer Core is still very, very hot!
Mantel- The Mantel is the biggest of all of the sections. It is about 1200° and
consists of lots of magma.
Crust- The crust is the coolest part of all of the layers, it is the only place
suitable for living, and is made out of tectonic plates.
4. Alfred “V”- There are 15 major tectonic plates in the world.
There are two different types of crust, the first is continental crust and the second is
oceanic. The continental crust is much thicker than the oceanic, it is usually much older
than the oceanic crust. Continental crust is 20 to 40 miles thick, but the oceanic crust is
only 4 to 6 miles thick. There are three different classifications of boundaries. A
boundary is the border between two separate tectonic plates, tectonic plates are always
moving therefore, so are the boundaries. The first boundary is called a convergent
boundary, this is the result of two plates pushing together. The second boundary is a
divergent boundary, this is caused by plates moving apart from each other. The last
boundary is called a transform boundary, this occurs when two different plates slide
past each other.
5. Alfred “V”- Alfred “V” is off investigating the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Underneath the ocean, oceanic plates shift. When they do this, new crust comes
into the middle taking it’s place. The crust on the outside is older than the crust in
the middle. In the middle there is a large crack, magma builds up between this
crack and burst out. This creates an underwater volcano. An example of these is
the Mid- Atlantic Ridge.
6. Alfred “V”- When a Continental plate
moves on top of an oceanic plate,
the oceanic plate starts to melt
turning it to magma. There are three
types of mountains. The first is a
Fault Block Mountain. It is made
when tectonic plates go up↑. The
second are folded mountains. They
are more wavy. The last is a
dome mountain, these are made
from magma that cools underneath
the rocks surface. Volcanos can form
from dome mountains!
Folded
Mountains
Fault Block
Mountains
Dome
Mountains
7. • Alfred “V”- Volcanoes that are in the middle
of the ocean are called hotspots.
• The Ring of Fire is a ring of volcanoes that
surrounds the land that surrounds the
pacific ocean.
• The Ring of Fire is found by a
convergent boundary.
• Volcanoes follow the convergent boundary
that surrounds the pacific ocean.
• Earthquakes originate at boundaries
8. Shield Volcano: They are long and
drawn out. The lava has a low
viscosity which means it flows easily.
An example of a Shield volcano is
Olympus Mons, it is located on Mars
Domed Volcano: It is similar to the
shield volcano but taller and not as
stretched out. It has a high
viscosity, which means the lava
travels slowly. It can easily get
plugged up, making it explode!
Ash Cinder Volcano: The ash cinder volcano is
made out of ash. It looks much like the dome
volcano, but it has a flat top. The magma goes high
up into the air, and hardens before it gets to Earth.
