Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using "per unit time" for measurement. Over population is defined in human context as the state where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of the earth.

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• MALTHUSIAN THEORY
• CAUSES OF EXCESS POPULATION GROWTH
• PROBLEMS
• EFFECTS
• SOLUTION
• CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
Population growth is the change in a population over time,
and can be quantified as the change in the number of
individuals of any species in a population using "per unit
time" for measurement.
Over population is defined in human context as the state
where the number of existing human population exceeds
the carrying capacity of the earth.

4. Population growth 1800-2011: from 1 billion to 7
billion estimated in 31.10.2011. During the year
2011, according to estimates Given by (UNFPA)
United Nations Population Fund
135 million people were born
57 million people died
78 million people increased the world population

5. POPULATION GROWTH ESTIMATES

6. DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION GROWTH
Population growth is determined by four factors:
• Births(B)
• Deaths(D)
• Immigrants(I)
• Emigrants(E)
Using a formula expressed as: ∆P≡ (B-D)+(I-E)
Natural growth mechanical growth
of population of population

7. Malthus stated that, the populations of the world
would increase in geometric proportions while
the food resources available for them would
increase only in arithmetic proportions.
In simple words, if human population continues to
increase in an uncontrolled way, then the
number of people would increase at a faster
rate than the food supply.
THE MALTHUSIAN THEORY

8. CAUSES OF OVER POPULATION
• Increased birth rate
• Increased longitivity
• Reduced infant mortality
• Decreased death rate
• Lack of education
• Cultural influences
• Immigration/ emigration
No particular breeding season in human beings, they can mate at
any time of the year unlike other animals.

9. PROBLEMS CAUSED BY OVER POPULATION
1. Scarcity of resources
• Lack of available resources for rising population
• Shrinking land for agriculture hence decrease in crop yield
2. Health problems
• Increase waste production
• Untreated waste and poor hygiene leads to spread of disease
• Large scale outbreaks of diseases
3. Environmental issues
• Increase anthropogenic activities
• Global warming and climate change
• Pollution
• Deforestation

10. EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION
1. Depleting natural resources
 Man have practically dug up all known deposits of
 Coal
 Oil
 Natural gas
2. Extinction of species
 Cutting down tress
 Clearing large forest
 Indiscriminate hunting of ani mals for food e.g
Cheetah blue whale tiger

11. 3. Environmental effects
 Factories, industries, vehicles emit toxic gases which
affect :
 Health
 Global warming
 Climate change e.g coastal Alaska frequently hit by storm
and floods

12. 4. Effect on economy
 Increases GDP per capita of a nation
 Increase in population demand
 Reduced production (lack of food for nation)
 Reduced exportation leading to foreign debt
 Unemployment
 Poverty
 Increased crime rate

13. WAYS/SOLUTION TO CURB OVER POPULATION
1. Education
 Creates awareness of the threat of over population
2. Family planning
 Educating and raising awareness
3. Tax concessions
 Make provision that favours families with one or limited children
 Additional benefits to couples who adopt
4. Sex education
 Mandatory in schools
 Parents creating awareness in children

14. CONCLUSION
Increase in population means an increase in human resources
which means more working hands. Increase in number of
producers means increase in number of consumers. We need to
strike a balance between population growth and resource
consumption.
Resources are limited population needs to be controlled. We need
to take steps now.

15. Thanks for listening
Population resources