This document provides information about engineering projects and research. It defines engineering projects as the development of software or hardware to solve engineering problems. It lists example projects for computer science and electrical engineering students. The objectives of projects are outlined as function, cost containment, and timeline. Research is defined as systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control observed phenomena using inductive and deductive methods. Pure and applied research are described, with pure research advancing knowledge without specific goals and applied research analyzing real-world problems. The goals of exploratory, descriptive, explanatory, and correlation research are summarized. Effective hypothesis formation and the importance of testable hypotheses are discussed. Steps for literature reviews are provided, including selecting topics, setting contexts, and

1. Eastern University3 July 2020 1
Project and Thesis
Mr. Muhammad Mahfuz Hasan
Assistant Professor, CSE
Dr. Md. Abdullah Al Humayun
Associate Professor, EEE
3 July 2020 1
By Eastern University Engineering Club

2. Eastern University3 July 2020 2
Project
 Enginnering Project is defined as the development of a
application (software or hardware) useful in exploring and/or
solving an engineering problem.
 Example:
1. For Computer Science and Engineering Students:
Online Voting Using Bluetooth Enabled Mobile Phone
Wi-Fi Based Mobile Quiz
Microcontroller -Based Security System using Sonar
2. For Electrical and Electronic Engineering Students:
Dual Axis Solar Tracker System
Automatic Anchor Light
Micro Inverter

3. Objectives of Project
 Function or Performance
 Containment of Expenditure within Budget
 Time Scale
Eastern University3 July 2020 3

4. Research
 According to the American sociologist Earl Robert
Babbie,
“Research is a systematic inquiry to describe,
explain, predict, and control the observed
phenomenon. Research involves inductive and
deductive methods.”
Eastern University3 July 2020 4

5. Research Cont.
 Inductive research methods:
are used to analyze an observed event.
are associated with qualitative research
 Deductive research methods:
are used to verify the observed event.
are more commonly associated with quantitative
research.
Eastern University3 July 2020 5

6. Classification of Research
Eastern University3 July 2020 6

7. Application
 Pure Research
fundamental or basic research
is conducted without any specific goal in mind
The main aim is to advance knowledge and to identify or explain the relationship
between variables
Pure research is driven by curiosity, intuition, and interest
 Applied Research
is conducted with a specific goal in mind
focuses on analyzing and solving real-life problems
refers to the study that helps solve practical problems using
scientific methods
Eastern University3 July 2020 7

8. Objectives
 Exploratory:
is defined as the initial research into a hypothetical or theoretical idea.
is an attempt to lay the groundwork that will lead to future studies or to determine if what
is being observed might be explained by a currently existing theory.
lays the initial groundwork for future research.
 Descriptive:
focuses on expanding knowledge on current issues through a process of data collection.
Eastern University3 July 2020 8

9. Objectives
 Explanatory:
Explanatory research or causal research is conducted to understand
the impact of certain changes in existing standard procedures.
Conducting experiments is the most popular form of casual research.
 Correlation:
examines the relationship between two or more variables.
Consider a researcher is studying a correlation between cancer and
Married women have a negative correlation with cancer. In This
example, there are two variables: cancer and married women. When
we say negative correlation, it means women who are married are
less likely to develop cancer. However, it doesn’t mean that Marriage directly avoids cancer.
Eastern University3 July 2020 9

10. Information Sought
 Quantitative
It usually involves collecting and converting data into numerical
form so that statistical calculations can be made and conclusions Drawn
 Qualitative
It is about recording, analyzing and attempting to uncover the deeper meaning and
significance of human behavior and experience, including contradictory beliefs,
behaviors and emotions.
Researchers are interested in gaining a rich and complex understanding of people’s
experience and not in obtaining information which can be generalized to other
larger groups
Eastern University3 July 2020 10

11. How to Develop a Good
Research Hypothesis ?
Eastern University3 July 2020 11

12. Research Hypothesis
Eastern University3 July 2020 12
 A hypothesis is a statement that introduces a
research question and proposes an expected result.

13. Importance of a Testable Hypothesis
 There must be a possibility to prove that the
hypothesis is true.
 There must be a possibility to prove that the
hypothesis is false.
 The results of the hypothesis must be reproducible.
Eastern University3 July 2020 13

14. Formulate an Effective Hypothesis
1. State the problem that you are trying to solve. Make sure that the hypothesis
clearly defines the topic and the focus of the experiment.
2. Try to write the hypothesis as an if-then statement. Follow this template: If
a specific action is taken, then a certain outcome is expected.
3. Define the variables In scientific experiments, a hypothesis proposes and
examines the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent
variable.
Eastern University3 July 2020 14

15. Effective Hypothesis Cont.
“The greater number of coal plants in a region
(independent variable) increases water pollution
(dependent variable). If you change the independent
variable (building more coal factories), it will
change the dependent variable (amount of water
pollution).”
Eastern University3 July 2020 15

16. Literature Review
Eastern University3 July 2020 16

17. Introduction
 A literature review is a comprehensive summary of previous research on a
topic.
 The literature review surveys scholarly articles, books, and other sources
relevant to a particular area of research.
 The review should enumerate, describe, summarize, objectively evaluate and
clarify this previous research.
 It should give a theoretical base for the research and help you to determine the
nature of your research.
 "In writing the literature review, the purpose is to convey to the reader what
knowledge and ideas have been established on a topic, and what their
strengths and weaknesses are.
Eastern University3 July 2020 17

18. Purpose
 provide a context for the research
 acknowledge existing theories, points of view, hypotheses, etc. in the field of
research
 justify the research
 clear up misconceptions about previous research
 ensure the research has not been done before
 enable the researcher to learn from previous theory on the subject
 highlight flaws in previous research
 outline gaps in previous research
Eastern University3 July 2020 18

19. How to Do
1. Selecting your topic
 Can information be gathered locally?
 Are you in a position to travel to use various sources?
 What are your interests and will this interest be maintained for the duration of the
research?
 Who will be interested in this research ?
 Is the scope wide enough to be able to ascertain a particular niche?
 Is the scope so broad that it will lose direction?
 Does it involve technology that is readily available?
 Is training in technology and/or software readily available?
Eastern University3 July 2020 19

20. How to Do
2. Setting the topic in context
 What is the scope of the topic?
 What is the purpose of the research?
 Who is the intended audience?
 What is the time period?
 What is the geographical coverage?
 What are the relevant/related disciplines?
Eastern University3 July 2020 20

21. engineeringclubeu.bd@gmail.com
Contact Us