2. 1
Acknowledgements
So many people have provided us with priceless and invaluable help, ideas
and knowledge that have influenced and shaped our present, future, and
thoughts all the time.
I want to say a big thank you to everyone who has helped me throughout my
life (social, academic or work).
“”””””””””””””””””””””””””””””””
Thank You.
Mohamed Sewailam
December 2020
3. 2
Table of content
Order Title Page number
I Acknowledgment 1
II Table of content 2
III List of Figures 3
IV Executive summery 4
V Introduction 5
1 History of Phones 6
1.1 - Phone TimeLine 6
1.2 - The Growth of Home Phones (Landing home phone) 8
1.3 - Mobile Phone 8
1.4 - Smart Phone 8
2 Hardware Design and Components 10
2.1 - Motherboard 11
2.2 - CPU (Central Processing unit) 11
2.3 - Processor/System-on-a-Chip 12
2.4 - Memory and Storages 12
2.5 - Smartphone Screen/Display 13
2.6 - Touch Panel 15
2.7 – Connectivity 15
2.8 – Sensors 15
3 Software and Operating System 16
3.1 - Popular Mobile Operating Systems 16
4 Markets, Sales and companies 18
5 Smartphone Applications and Its future 22
6 Conclusion 27
7 Appendix 28
8 Resources 28
9 References 29
4. 3
List of Figure
Figure Title Page number
I Steve Jobs 4
II Smart Phone 5
1.1 Bell placing the first New York to Chicago telephone call in
1892
6
1.2 show the size of the first mobile phone 8
1.3 The first Smartphone (IPhone) 9
1.4 show the timeline of Phone and computer 9
2.1 Smartphone general component 10
2.2 show the different hardware component on the Chip 11
2.3 Smartphone display size 13
2.4 Display screen 14
2.5 Touchscreen 15
4.1 show the smartphones shipments 19
4.2 show the smartphones across the world 20
4.3 Market share of mobile device vendors in Egypt 21
5.1 Most-downloaded apps overall worldwide, 2019 24
5.2 Most-downloaded apps overall worldwide, Q2 2020 24
5.3 Top 10 APPs 2010 -2019 25
5.4 Top streaming Apps August 2020 25
5.5 Most Apps users spent their time on 26
5.6 Top Education APPs August 2020 26
6.1 Mobile touching 27
5. 4
Executive Summery
Smartphones have wonderful stories to tell, such as the original and what is the meaning
of Telephone word and this leads us to start with the History and time line of phones
innovation we are going into a journey about phones, Alexander Graham Bell and his
efforts, how was the first call through telephone and the first call through the Cellular
(mobile) phone. Phones before IPhone 2G and the phone’s world after IPhone (Steve
Jobs) since 2007.
Then explaining smartphones hardware design and its components and show the most
important components such as display screen, touchscreen, sensors, CPU, a lot of
components are shaping the smartphone features.
Then going in smartphone software and the Mobile operating system, show the software
and operating system utilize all feature of the smartphone hardware component and
each vendor use the suitable operating system for his smartphone (Google Android,
Apple IOS, Huawei Harmony, Windows …)
After that is taking about the markets and the sales of smartphone around the world and
the most familiar companies which are dominating the market of smartphones, using
charts and graph to show the popular vendors in the world and in local market Egypt.
Finally, smartphones applications and the most applications stores and the most
applications has been used or downloaded last months and years in the world.
Figure I. Steve Jobs
6. 5
Introduction
This technical report is going to talking and explain important points about smart
phones such as History of Phones, Hardware components, Software, the smartphones
markets and companies and Mobile Applications.
The first topic is taking you in a journey about phone history by using time line and
explain what happened in each year, explaining the Telephone word, telling us about
Alexander Graham Bell and his efforts, and mention the valuable times for the phone,
mobile and smartphones how was the first call through telephone and the first call
through the Cellular (mobile) phone. How is the Phone world changed after IPhone 2G
smart phone?
The second topic is talking about the hardware design and its components, explain each
part in smartphone and it is attributes to define its specification. And show the most
important components such as display screen, touchscreen, sensors, CPU, …...
The third topic is talking about smartphone software and the Mobile operating system,
explain each part of software, categorize the software into types or part to show how
each part is working till user interface with mobile, tell us the most familiar software
around the world.
The forth topic is taking about the markets and the sales of smartphone around the
world and the most familiar companies which have the most shipment of smart phones,
the most familiar vendors of smart phones are used by people.
Last topic is talking about the smartphones applications and the most applications stores
and the most applications has been used last months and years.
figure II Smartphone
7. 6
1. History of Phones
Let’s Start with the words phone or telephone, where did they come from?
The word telephone, from the Greek roots tēle, “far,” and phonē, “sound,” was applied
as early as the late 17th century to the string telephone familiar to children, and it was
later used to refer to the megaphone and the speaking tube, but in modern usage it refers
solely to electrical devices derived from the inventions of Alexander Graham Bell and
others.
Telephone, it is an instrument designed for the simultaneous transmission and reception
of the human voice.
1.1 Phone TimeLine: -
1874: Alexander Graham Bell discovers the principle of the telephone. He experiments
with Thomas Watson to create the first telephone connection.
1877: The first permanent outdoor telephone wire is strung. Commercial telephone
service began in the United States.
Figure1.1 Bell placing the first New York to Chicago telephone call in 1892
1894: Oliver Lodge demonstrates wireless communication over a distance of 150 yards.
This was the beginning of cell phone technology as we know it.
1915: Bell System completes a U.S. transcontinental telephone line. At this point,
everyone in the US was connected to each other.
1946: The first commercial mobile telephone service is put into service, linking moving
vehicles or objects to the telephone network by radio.
1953: The laying of transatlantic telephone cables begins. Calls were able to be made to
European countries, then eventually the rest of the world.
1960s: Videophones become more affordable and practical.
8. 7
1963: Bell Systems introduces the touch tone phone. This telephone made a different
beep for each number instead of counted clicks for each number, and replaced rotary
phones.
1971: Intel Corporation develops the first single chip microprocessor, the 4004. The
microprocessor would make telephones and switching systems smaller, lighter and
faster to use.
1972: Motorola demonstrates the cellular telephone to the FCC. People could call each
other without wires, and the cell phone was born.
1983: Martin Cooper is credited with developing the first cell phone approved for
commercial use.
1985: FAX machines become popular. A printed sheet of paper could be sent across
telephone lines and received whole on the other end.
1989: MicroTAC , a “Pocket” cellular telephone is introduced by Motorola.
1993: The IBM Simon is released, and considered the first smartphone. It acted as a
mobile phone, PDA, and fax machine all in one. It offered a touch screen, which is the
precursor to the Apple iPhone which would come 14 years later. It sold for $899.
1994: Digital cordless phones are introduced. The FCC granted the frequency range of
900 MHz for cordless phones during that time, and it is currently 5.8 GHz
1997: Philips introduces an early attempt at a digital “smart phone.” The unit, called
“The Synergy” provided wireless access to e-mail, internet and faxes.
Mid-to-Late 1990s: Cell phone companies strive to make their mobile phone models
lighter, faster, slimmer, cheaper. The mobile phone evolves.
1999: Research in Motion introduces the Blackberry 850, beginning the Blackberry
craze, ending up with a comparable smartphone with the ability to download
applications from the Blackberry App World.
2007: Apple launches its first iPhone, which integrated a touchscreen display with the
best web-browsing experience to yet be offered on a mobile device. Years later, it is
still the device to which all other smartphones are compared. The Apple store features
thousands of apps available for download.
Google unveils Android, an open-source operating system that has fared well in the
market.
2009: Motorola introduces the Droid, the first Android-based smartphone, and it sold
over 1 million units within 74 days of its release. The Android app market also features
thousands of user-created applications for download.
9. 8
1.2 The Growth of Home Phones (Landing home phone)
By the 1930s, it was common for affluent homes in the UK to have their own
telephones, with networks spreading far enough for calls to be made across several
cities. The majority of callers continued to use local phone boxes or pay phones until
the 1950s and 60s, when improvements in home phone technology made systems
cheaper and more easily available. Alongside push-button telephones, which replaced
the old fashioned rotary or dial phones, the 60s introduced the answer machine, making
it possible for callers to leave short verbal messages if the phone wasn’t picked up. The
1980s brought a particularly insightful addition to the home phone family, with the
invention of the cordless handset, allowing callers to move around the house while
talking on the phone, and paving the way for later mobile phone technology.
1.3 Mobile Phone
The world’s first mobile phone call was made on April 3, 1973, when Martin
Cooper, a senior engineer at Motorola, called a rival telecommunications company and
informed them he was speaking via a mobile phone. The phone Cooper used – if you
could call it that – weighed a staggering 1.1kg and measured in at 228.6x127x44.4mm.
With this prototype device, you got 30 minutes of talk-time and it took around 10 hours
to charge.
In 1983, Motorola released its first commercial mobile phone, known as the Motorola
DynaTAC 8000X. The handset offered 30 minutes of talk-time, six hours standby, and
could store 30 phone numbers. It also cost £2639 ($3995)
Figure 1.2 show the size of the first mobile phone.
1.4 Smart Phone
A smartphone is a mobile device that combines cellular and mobile
computing functions into one unit.
iPhone 2G was the first Smartphone, According to Stein Jürgen, mobile expert at
SmartphonesRevealed.com, one should divide the history of the mobile phone into two
eras – Mobile phones before the first iPhone and Smartphones after the first iPhone
10. 9
Steve Jobs through Apple iPhone pulled the rug from under the competitors. The first
iPhone was technically inferior compared to many competing phones, but the user
interface and design were so radically different and smart that competitors were caught
off-guard. The operating system was straightforward and intuitive. Just press the screen
once to activate the desired function. Apple was ground-breaking, and with the iPhone
2G, the world’s first Smartphone was introduced in the world market.
Figure 1.3 The first iPhone had relatively poor
specifications, but the simplicity, design and user-friendliness were innovative. The world’s first Smartphone
came from Apple and saw the light of day in 2007.
Figure 1.4, show the timeline of Phone and computer
Phones and computers have come a long way since the 1950s. The magic technology
that makes this possible is the silicon transistor. But we can't keep up this pace of
shrinking them forever - as they get smaller, transistors get less efficient and start to
leak power as heat. Sooner or later the reign of transistors has to end.
11. 10
2. Hardware Design and Components
A mobile device is a general term for any type of portable/movable devices with
computing power, connectivity and interactivity.
Common features include: -
–Portable (or movable)
–Computing power: general or specific purpose, with storage.
–Various connection methods (Wi-Fi, cellular)
–Various interaction methods (touchscreen, remote control, connected I/O)
Smartphones are phones with additional functionalities supported by high computing
power (way beyond a “phone”); they typically run an operating system and more
applications, have a larger screen size (resolution), and have touchscreens.
•General Component: -
–High computing power: CPU, GPU
–Large storage/memory
–Transceivers for 2G & 3G & 4G…
–Touch screen and display
–Integrated peripherals
•Speaker, mic, camera, light, projector
–Integrated connectivity
•Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB, etc.
–Integrated sensors
•Motion, environment, position, location
Figure2.1 Smartphone general component
Major Hardware Components: -
Smartphone components can be divided into the below categories from hardware
respective design.
•Core
–Motherboard, SoC, CPU, GPU, memory, storage
12. 11
•Input / Output
–Display, touchscreen
–Connector: SIM, USB, SD card, etc.
–Physical key/button: switch, volume buttons
– Integrated peripherals: Speaker, mic, camera, light, Vibrator
•Communication
–Network/communication transmitter/receiver (2nd
,3rd
,4th
...G)
–Radio, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, IR, …
•Sensors
–GPS, Motion, position, ….
2.1 - Motherboard
Motherboard is the main circuit board that holds together all sorts of functional units
together.
Figure2.2 show the different hardware component on the Chip.
2.2 - CPU (Central Processing unit)
•CPU is the central processor of the phone, just like computers.
•Majority of smartphone CPUs are based on the ARM architecture.
•An ARM processor is one of a family of CPUs based on the RISC (reduced instruction
set computer) architecture developed by Advanced RISC Machines (ARM).
13. 12
•The ARM architecture is different to the Intel architecture that we find in our desktops
and laptops. It was designed for power-efficiency and became the de-facto CPU
architecture for mobile phones even before smartphones.
•ARM also grants a license, known as an architectural license, to other companies to
design ARM architecture compatible cores. Companies like Qualcomm, Samsung,
MediaTek and Huawei take the core designs from ARM and incorporate them into their
SoCs.
2.3 - Processor/System-on-a-Chip
•System-on-a-Chip (SoC)
–An integrated circuit (IC) that integrates all components of a computer or other
electronic system into a single chip or package.
–Low power consumption
–Typically used for mobile or embedded devices
•A mobile SoC typically integrates CPU, GPU, communication, and multimedia
processors.
Major suppliers: -
Qualcomm (Snapdragon), Apple, MediaTek, Samsung, Hisilicon, Nvidia
2.4 - Memory and Storages
•RAM (Random Access Memory)
–Used for temporary storage for running applications
–Very fast
–Lose contents when power-off
•ROM (Read-only Memory)
–Store the operating system and critical files
–Fast access
–Permanent storage
–Not updatable by users; usually can be *flashed* through special procedures (for
system update).
•Internal storage
–Integrated on the main board or chip to offer critical storage for OS and apps.
–Updatable by users.
•Secondary storage
–Used for optional expanded storage
–Through an optional card slot (for example, MicroSD)
–Not supported by all devices, for example, not in Apple iPhone or iPad
14. 13
2.5 - Smartphone Screen/Display
•Major specifications for screens (–Size –Resolution –Density –Screen-to-body ratio –
Aspect ratio –Screen type).
Screen Size
•The screen size of mobile cell phones is given as the diagonal measurement of the
phones screen.
•Small screen <4.5”
•The phablet is a class of mobile computing devices designed to combine or straddle the
size format of smartphones and tablets Usually > 6”
Figure 2.3 Smartphone display size
Resolution
•Number of pixels of the screen. Expressed as the width x height of the screen
•Typical phone resolution
–HD ready (720x1280) –720P
–Full HD (1920x1080) –1080P
–Quad HD (1440x2560)
Density
•DPI (dot per inch) or PPI (pixel per inch) is a measure of pixel density (how many
pixels are in one inch? Or how small is a pixel?)
–The higher density the better image quality
Screen-to-Body Ratio
•The display (or screen)-to-body ratio is a measure of how much of the surface of the
screen represents when compared to the whole device.
Aspect Ratio
•Aspect ratio refers to the relationship between the width and Height
•For a very long time, phones adopted the same aspect ratio as high-definition
televisions: 16:9 height of a screen.
15. 14
–1080P HD (1920:1080)
•Newer Samsung features 2:1
•iPhone X 19.5:9
Display Technologies
•Two main types (with subtypes)
–LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
–AMOLED (Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode)
Though there are a variety of technical differences between the two methods, the main
difference concerns the way pixels are lit in each application. LCD panels utilize one
backlight for the entire screen.
•In AMOLED, each of the pixels are made up from groups of Light Emitting Diodes,
which makes them the source of the light. As a result, pixels can be turned completely
on or off —and when they’re off, they can deliver true black, with zero light emitted.
Comparison
•LCD
–Cheap to produce
–Accurate color reproduction
–Need backlight
–Limited viewing angles
•AMOLED
–Actively emits colors
–Vibrant colors and high contrast
–Excellent viewing angles
–Shorter lifespan than LCDs
–Thinner
Figure2.4 Display screen
16. 15
2.6 - Touch Panel
•The touch panel is on top of the screen to capture input
•Mainly captive touch screens
–Commonly known as “hard screen". As opposed to the resistive touchscreen, the
capacitive touchscreen makes use of the electrical properties of the human body.
Figure2.5 Touchscreen
2.7 - Connectivity
•Smartphones come with several different communication and connectivity options
including 3G, 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and NFC. All these protocols need hardware
support including modems and other auxiliary chips.
•All the major SoC makers include 4G LTE modem inside their chips.
•The modem usually has its own processor (different from the main CPU)
•The modem can be integrated in to an SoC, or a separate unit on the motherboard.
2.8 - Sensors
•Various integrated sensors
–Motion, environment, position, location
•Accelerometer
–Measures the acceleration force
–Detects device movements (acceleration)
•Gyroscope
–Measures a device's rate of rotation around each of the three physical axes
•Proximity sensor
–Detect the distance from objects
•Light sensor
–Detects the light illumination intensity
•Others
–Sound, finger print, pressure, humidity, magnetic, compass, temperature, heartbeat,
and more
17. 16
3. Software and Operating System
Much like the Linux or Windows operating system controls your desktop or laptop
computer, a mobile operating system is the software platform on top of which other
programs can run on mobile devices.
A mobile operating system, also called a mobile OS, is an operating system that is
specifically designed to run on mobile devices such as mobile phones, smartphones,
PDAs, tablet computers and other handheld devices.
A mobile OS typically starts up when a device powers on, presenting a screen with
icons or tiles that present information and provide application access. Mobile operating
systems also manage cellular and wireless network connectivity, as well as phone
access.
The operating system is responsible for determining the functions and features available
on your device, such as thumb wheel, keyboards, WAP, synchronization with
applications, email, text messaging and more. The mobile OS will also determine which
third-party applications (mobile apps) can be used on your device.
When you purchase a mobile device the manufacturer will have chosen the operating
system for that specific device. Often, you will want to learn about the mobile
operating system before you purchase a device to ensure compatibility and support for
the mobile applications you want to use.
You can visualize software for smartphones as a software stack. The stack consists of
the following layers:
kernel -- management systems for processes and drivers for hardware
middleware -- software libraries that enable smartphone applications (such as security,
Web browsing and messaging)
application execution environment (AEE) -- application programming interfaces,
which allow developers to create their own programs
user interface framework -- the graphics and layouts seen on the screen
application suite -- the basic applications users access regularly such as menu screens,
calendars and message inboxes
3.1 - Popular Mobile Operating Systems
1.Android OS: The Android operating system is the most popular operating
system today. It is a mobile OS based on the Linux Kernel and open-source software.
18. 17
The android operating system was developed by Google. The first Android device was
launched in 2008.
2. Bada (Samsung Electronics): Bada is a Samsung mobile operating system that was
launched in 2010. The Samsung wave was the first mobile to use the bada operating
system. The bada operating system offers many mobile features, such as 3-D graphics,
application installation, and multipoint-touch.
3. BlackBerry OS: The BlackBerry operating system is a mobile operating system
developed by Research In Motion (RIM). This operating system was designed
specifically for BlackBerry handheld devices. This operating system is beneficial for
the corporate users because it provides synchronization with Microsoft Exchange,
Novell GroupWise email, Lotus Domino, and other business software when used with
the BlackBerry Enterprise Server.
4. iPhone OS / iOS: The iOS was developed by the Apple for the use on its device. The
iOS operating system is the most popular operating system today. It is a very secure
operating system. The iOS operating system is not available for any other mobiles.
5. Symbian OS: Symbian operating system is a mobile operating system that provides
a high-level of integration with communication. The Symbian operating system is based
on the java language. It combines middleware of wireless communications and personal
information management (PIM) functionality. The Symbian operating system was
developed by Symbian Ltd in 1998 for the use of mobile phones. Nokia was the first
company to release Symbian OS on its mobile phone at that time.
6. Windows Mobile OS: The window mobile OS is a mobile operating system that was
developed by Microsoft. It was designed for the pocket PCs and smart mobiles.
7. Harmony OS: The harmony operating system is the latest mobile operating system
that was developed in August 2019 by Huawei for the use of its devices. It is designed
primarily for IoT devices.
8. Palm OS: The palm operating system is a mobile operating system that was
developed by Palm Ltd for use on personal digital assistants (PADs). It was introduced
in 1996. Palm OS is also known as the Garnet OS.
9. WebOS (Palm/HP): The WebOS is a mobile operating system that was developed
by Palm. It based on the Linux Kernel. The HP uses this operating system in its
mobile and touchpads.
19. 18
4. Markets, Sales and companies
The smartphone market was valued at USD 714.96 billion in 2019 and is expected to
reach USD 1351.8 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 11.2% over the forecast period 2020 -
2025. Increased consumer spending across regions has driven the sales of Smartphone
markers for years. The growth of the market is, however, plateauing, considering
intense penetration levels. For instance, 91% of U.S. households own smartphones and
are packed with vital features at different price points.
With around 50% of smartphone penetration, on average, across regions, the
replacement cycle is lengthening, which prompts the decline of the unit sales, especially
in regions such as U.S., and China among others.
While companies have been increasing their revenues by launching new variant phones
with increased frequency, the maturity state in a few regions might be challenging for
their revenues. For instance, in April 2020, Apple launched the iPhone SE. The launch
added a new iPhone model into Apple’s product mix just as lockdown restrictions had
reached important markets, such as the USA.
However, 5G handsets and foldable phones are likely to provide them with new
opportunities. According to Ericsson, the number of mobile 5G subscriptions in North
America will reach 325 million compared to 3 million in 2019.
Component suppliers are ramping up their production to support the efforts of
smartphone makers. For instance, at the IFA electronics show in Berlin, Qualcomm
reported that its partners are developing over 150 designs using its 5G processors. This
means the company is expanding 5G across its product line to make 5G accessible to
over 2 billion smartphone users. This way, the company expects to extend 5G to
cheaper smartphones.
However, due to the outbreak of COVID-19, smartphone shipments saw a declining
stage as countries are still dealing with the pandemic. According to a report, there is a
15.7% decline year-on-year in unit shipments from 331.8 million in Q2/2019 to 279.7
million in Q2/2020.
smartphones, with strong hardware capabilities, extensive mobile operating systems,
facilitating wider software applications, internet, and multimedia functionality (music,
videos, and gaming), alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text
messaging. The most smartphones shipment as below in order.
20. 19
By Operating Segment: - Android, iOS, Windows, Others (Blackberry, Sailfish,
Tizen)
By Price Range: - Premium segment (USD 400 and above), Mid-Range Phones,
Budged Phones
Geography: -
North America United States, Canada
Europe Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Rest of Europe
Asia Pacific China, Japan, India, South Korea, Rest of Asia-Pacific
Latin America Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America
Middle East and Africa UAE, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Rest of Middle East and
Africa
Figure4.1 show the smartphones shipments.
21. 20
Table 4.1 Worldwide Top 5 Smartphone Sales to End Users by Vendor in 2020
Vendor
Q3 2020
shipments
(million)
Q3 2020 Market
share
Q3 2019
shipments
(million)
Q3 2019 Market
share
Annual
growth
Samsung 80.2 23.0% 78.9 22.4% +2%
Huawei 51.7 14.9% 66.8 19.0% -23%
Xiaomi 47.1 13.5% 32.5 9.2% +45%
Apple 43.2 12.4% 43.5 12.3% -1%
Vivo 31.8 9.1% 30.1 8.5% +6%
Others 94.0 27.0% 100.6 28.6% -7%
Total 348.0 100.0% 352.4 100.0% -1%
Note: percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding
Source: Canalys estimates (sell-in shipments), Smartphone Analysis, October 2020
Figure4.2 show the smartphones across the world.
23. 22
5. Smartphone Applications and Its future
A mobile application, also referred to as a mobile app or simply an app, is q computer
program or software application designed to run on a mobile device such as
a phone, tablet, or watch. Apps were originally intended for productivity assistance such
as email, calendar, and contact databases, but the public demand for apps caused rapid
expansion into other areas such as mobile games, factory automation, GPS
and location-based services, order-tracking, and ticket purchases, so that there are now
millions of apps available. Apps are generally downloaded from application distribution
platforms which are operated by the owner of the mobile operating system, such as
the App Store (iOS) or Google Play Store, Windows Phone Store, and BlackBerry App
World.. Some apps are free, and others have a price, with the profit being split between
the application's creator and the distribution platform.
Mobile applications often stand in contrast to desktop applications which are designed
to run on desktop computers, and web applications which run in mobile web
browsers rather than directly on the mobile device.
Most mobile devices are sold with several apps bundled as pre-installed software, such
as a web browser, email client, calendar, mapping program, and an app for buying
music, other media, or more apps. Some pre-installed apps can be removed by an
ordinary uninstall process, thus leaving more storage space for desired ones. Where the
software does not allow this, some devices can be rooted to eliminate the undesired
apps.
Mobile applications may be classified by numerous methods. A common scheme is to
distinguish native, hybrid, and web-based apps.
Native app
All apps targeted toward a particular mobile platform are known as native apps.
Therefore, an app intended for Apple device does not run in Android devices. As a
result, most businesses develop apps for multiple platforms.
The main purpose for creating such apps is to ensure best performance for a specific
mobile operating system.
Hybrid app
The concept of the hybrid app is a mix of native and web-based apps. Apps developed
using Apache Cordova, Xamarin, React Native, Sencha Touch and other similar
technology fall into this category.
24. 23
These are made to support web and native technologies across multiple platforms.
Moreover, these apps are easier and faster to develop. It involves use of single code
base which works in multiple mobile operating systems.
Web-based app
A web-based app is coded in HTML5, CSS or JavaScript. Internet access is required for
proper behavior and user-experience of this group of apps.
These apps may capture minimum memory space in user devices compared to native
and hybrid apps. Since all the personal databases are saved on the Internet servers, users
can fetch their desired data from any device through the Internet.
Table5.1 Mobile game downloads by year (Sensor Tower), billions
Google Play iOS App Store Overall
2016 23.1 7.9 31
2017 27.7 8.3 36
2018 29.4 8.9 38.3
2019 32.9 9.2 42.1
H1 2020 22.8 5.7 28.5
Table5.2 Top iOS App Store categories, Q2 2020 vs Q2 2019
App type Downloads Q2 2020,
millions
Downloads Q2 2019,
millions
Year-on-year
increase
Games 2690 2250 19.6%
Photo & Video 703 575 22.3%
Entertainment 618 469 31.8%
Utilities 549 462 18.9%
Shopping 546 390 40.1%
Table Top Google Play Store categories, Q2 2020 vs Q2 2019
App type Downloads Q2 2020,
billions
Downloads Q2 2019,
billions
Year-on-year
increase
Games 12.37 8.1 51.2%
Tools 1.82 1.45 25.3%
Entertainment 1.45 1.37 5.8%
Social 1.18 1.04 13.4%
Video 1.12 0.71 56.9%
Table5.3 App downloads forecast growth
iOS App Store Google Play Store Overall
2019 31 85 115
2020 39 102 150
2021 38 109 148
2022 40 119 159
2023 42 129 171
2024 45 139 184
26. 25
Figure 5.3 Top 10 APPs 2010 -2019
Figure 5.4 Top streaming Apps August 2020
27. 26
Figure 5.5 Most Apps users spent their time on
Figure 5.6 Top Education APPs August 2020
The Future of the Smartphone.
It is shaping now as everything on your life is connected to your smartphone, as there
are many and many mobile apps, making our life fine (Social, Work, Education,
entertainment, banking treatment, ….) everything became online and IOT (internet of
Things) era has been started to connect all things around us through the internet and can
be controlled remotely by our smart phones.
28. 27
6. Conclusion
Smartphones are one of the most important devices or equipment, as they are used on a
daily basis by millions and millions of people around the world.
Smartphones are very complicated electronic device and contain a lot of Chips and
hardware components and by using suitable operating system you can manage all
hardware components feature and install the applications to communicate, socialize,
learn, work, play games, remotely control things….
The easy to deal with smart phones and the huge number of mobile applications
covering personal life (work, social, entertainment, money, ...) everything, making
smartphone is now the axis of personal life.
Adding and developing features in smart phones are the focus of attention of mobile
companies, where companies work to achieve the highest rates of technology, features
and offer them at the lowest possible prices to dominate the telecommunications
market.
As every technology has a good side and the bad side is appeared by the abusing, so
smartphones have many and many advantages, but some people abuse the smartphones,
such as
Hackers steal and hack your personal data and your online banking treatment to steal
your money.
Some governments and groups spread the rumors to influence the people into define
direction (such as Electing someone over other ...).
Spending a lot of time on mobile this impact personal health and social....
So focus on your life, control and manage your time, define time for sport practicing
and don’t forget your real social life, enjoy your time away from the mobile phones.
Figure 6.1 Mobile Touching
29. 28
7. Appendix
2G => Second generation ARM => Advanced RISC Machines.
3G & 4G => Third and Fourth Generation RISC => Reduced Instruction Set Computer
LTE => Long Term Evolution IC => Integrated Circuit
SIM => Subscriber Identity Module PCs => Personal Computers
USB => Universal Serial Bus RAM => Random Access Memory
IR => InfraRed ROM => Read-only Memory
WI-FI => Wireless Fidelity OS => Operating System
NFC => Near field Communication SoC => System-on-a-Chip
SD & Micro SD => Secure Digital GPU => graphics processing unit
GPS => Global Positioning System CPU => Central Processing Unite
LCD => Liquid Crystal Display AEE => Application Execution Environment
AMOLED =>Active-Matrix Organic Light-
Emitting Diode
FCC => Federal Communications
Commission
HD => High Definition PIM => Personal information management
DPI => dot per inch RIM => Research In Motion
PPI => pixel per inch WAP => Wireless Internet Applications
IOS => IPhone Operating System FAX => facsimile
IOT => Internet Of Things AEE => Application Execution Environment
8. Resources
Size comparison
http://www.phonearena.com/phones/size
https://deviceatlas.com/blog/viewport-size-statistics-201613
Device search/comparison tool
https://www.productchart.com
Screen feature detection website
http://mydevice.io
Device specs database
http://www.phonearena.com
30. 29
http://www.gsmarena.com
http://www.phonearena.com/phones/size
Mobile device screen info database
http://mydevice.io/devices/
http://screensiz.es
https://material.io/devices/
http://dpi.lv
https://deviceatlas.com/device-data/properties
Mobile best Application
https://me.pcmag.com/en/transit-for-android/11857/the-100-best-android-apps-for-2020
9. References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_telephone
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/telephone
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telephone
https://smartphonesrevealed.com/history-of-the-mobile-phone/
https://deviceatlas.com/blog/mobile-viewport-size-statistics-201714
http://www.ubergizmo.com/what-is/ppi-pixels-per-inch/15
https://www.neowin.net/news/guide-to-smartphone-hardware-47-displays
https://wccftech.com/pricing-breakdown-reveals-costs-iphone-7/
https://www.phonearena.com/news/Did-you-know-how-many-different-kinds-of-sensors-go-inside-a-
smartphone_id57885
http://web.stanford.edu/class/cs75n/Sensors.pdf
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/ARM-processor
https://www.androidauthority.com/what-is-in-your-smartphone-gary-explains-749709
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_operating_system
https://www.kantarworldpanel.com/global/smartphone-os-market-share/
https://www.gartner.com/en/newsroom/press-releases/2020-08-25-gartner-says-global-smartphone-
sales-declined-20--in-
https://www.statista.com/statistics/734179/market-share-held-by-mobile-phone-vendors-in-egypt/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_app
https://www.businessofapps.com/data/app-statistics/
Mobile telephone Articel
David E. Borth
Corporate Vice President and Director, Communications Research Laboratories, Motorola Inc., Schaumburg,
Illinois. Coauthor of Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications.
