1. Database Fundamental
@dylanninin

2. What is a Database?

3. an organized collection of data.
Database

4. What is a DBMS?

5. a software application.
DataBase Management System

6. History

9. Let’s talk about RDBMS

10. Database Models

11. Relational Model

12. Relational Model

13. Relational Relationships

14. SQL
• SQL: Structure Query Language
• The Language for RDBMS
• Define/Manipulate/Control data

15. Relational Algebra
• The Set-theoretic formulation of RDBMS
• The Theory/Mathematics of SQL

16. Relational Algebra

17. SQL

19. Twitter as an example
with SQLite

21. DDL: Data Definition Language

22. DDL: CREATE

23. DDL: ALTER

24. DDL: TRUNCATE
• deletes all data from a table in a very fast way
• deletes the data inside the table and not the table itself
• usually implies a subsequent COMMIT operation, i.e.
• cannot be rolled back

25. DDL: DROP

26. The Data Types

27. DDL: Data Manipulation Language

28. DML: SELECT

29. expr

30. DML: SELECT join

32. DML: SELECT Phases

33. DML: INSERT

34. DML: UPDATE

35. DML: DELETE

36. DML: MERGE
• is used to combine the data of multiple tables
• combines the INSERT and UPDATE elements
• is defined in the SQL:2003 standard
• some databases provided similar functionality via different
syntax, sometimes called "upsert"

37. TCL: Transaction Control Language

38. TCL: Transaction

39. TCL: COMMIT

40. TCL: ROLLBACK

41. TCL: SAVEPOINT

42. DCL: Data Control Language

43. DCL: Control
• The operations for which privileges may be granted to or
revoked from a user or role apply to both the DDL/DML
• may include CONNECT, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE, EXECUTE, and USAGE
• SQLite does not have any DCL commands as it does not
have usernames or logins. Instead, SQLite depends on file
system permissions to define who can open and access a
database

44. DCL: GRANT
by Oracle

45. DCL: REVOKE
by Oracle

46. Functions
• definition: function_name(parameter) —> output
• usage: SELECT function_name(parameter);

47. Aggregrations
avg(X) returns the average value of all non-NULL X within a group
count(X)
returns a count of the number of times that X is not NULL in
a group
max(X) returns the maximum value of all values in the group
min(X)
returns the minimum non-NULL value of all values in the
group
sum(X) return sum of all non-NULL values in the group

48. Constraints

49. Constraints: Foreign Key

50. Constraints: Indexed Column

51. Indexing

52. Triggers

53. Views

54. Modeling

55. Entity Relation Diagram

56. ERD to Table

58. Normalization

59. Advanced Topics

60. Transaction

61. A
balance: $ 1000
B
balance: $ 1000
Transfer 100$ from A to B
Bank withdraw/deposit

62. Transactions guaranteed by ACID

63. ACID Properties

64. by locking + logging
by runtime checking
by locking
by logging + recovery
ACID Implements

65. Concurrency

66. A
balance: $ 1000
B
balance: $ 1000
1) A transfer $100 to B
2) C transfer $1 000 to A
C
balance: $ 1 000 000

67. Transaction states

68. Two Phase Locking

69. Two Phase Locking

70. Dead Lock

71. Optimistic Concurrency Control

72. Multi Version Concurrency Control

73. Isolation Level

74. Data Structures + Algorithms

77. Common Data Structure Operations

78. Search: SELECT

79. Search: LIKE

80. Sort: ORDER BY

81. Algorithms: B+ Tree

82. B+ Tree

83. B+ Tree Example

84. B+ Tree Index Example

85. B+ Tree in Database

86. DBMS

87. a software application.
DataBase Management System

88. What are the “Kernel” of any DBMS?

89. “Kernel”

90. Client Manager

91. Query Manager

92. Data Manager

93. Cache Manager

94. Transaction Manager

95. Log Manager

96. Simplified ARIES logs

97. Simplified Log Writing Process

98. Tuning

99. SQL Tuning Hierarchy

100. SQL Phases

101. Scaling

102. Vertical/Horizontal Scaling

103. Scaling Out Cube

104. Partitioning

105. Master Slave

106. Replica Set

107. Distributed

108. CAP

109. Paxos Protocol

110. Raft Protocol

112. Reference
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACID
• https://www.sqlite.org/lang.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)
• http://coding-geek.com/how-databases-work/
• http://blog.dancrisan.com/a-tiny-intro-to-database-systems
• http://berb.github.io/diploma-thesis/original/060_index.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAP_theorem
• https://github.com/numetriclabz/awesome-db
• https://github.com/rxin/db-readings
• http://bigocheatsheet.com/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BNF
• https://dylanninin.com/blog/2013/10/26/oracle_dba.html