ASCARIASIS #Loeffler’s Syndrome #Ancylostomiasis #Hook Worm #Enterobiasis #Pinworm

1. Helminthiasis
Helminthiasis, commonly known as worm infection, is a macro
parasitic disease in which a part of the body is infected with
parasitic worms or helminths.
There are three types :
• Flukes (trematodes),
• Tapeworms (cestodes), and
• Roundworms (nematodes).

2. FLUKE
Types
TAPEWORM (CESTODES)
ROUNDWORM (NEMATODES)

3. ASCARIASIS
• Ascariasis is an infection of the small intestine caused by Ascaris lumbricoides,
which is a species of roundworm
• Adult male 15-30 cm, Adult female 20-35 cm
• Transmission by fecal–oral route
• Each female worm can produce over 200,000 eggs per day.
• Eggs are highly resistant and may remain viable up to 6 years.

5. Loeffler’s Syndrome
• Löffler's syndrome is a disease in which eosinophils accumulate in the lung in
response to a parasitic infection.
• Pulmonary infiltrates on x-ray,
• Elevated blood eosinophils,
• Cough, dyspnea and wheeze.

6. Signs and symptoms
• As larval stages travel through the body, they may cause enlargement of liver,
spleen, inflammation of lungs.
• The worms can cause intestinal blockage when large numbers worms migrate
from the small intestine, which may require surgery.
• A worm may block pancreatic duct, can travel through the biliary tree and
even into the gallbladder, causing acute cholangitis or acute cholecystitis.

7. • The worms in the intestine may cause malabsorption and anorexia which
contribute to malnutrition.
• Ascaris takes most of its nutrients from the partially digested host food in
the intestine.
• It can secrete enzyme inhibitors, presumably to protect itself from
digestion by the hosts' enzymes.

8. Diagnosis
• Stool examination : eggs have a characteristic shape: they are oval
with a thick, mamillated shell (covered with rounded mounds or
lumps), measuring 35-50 micrometer in diameter and 40–70 in length
• White blood cell counts may demonstrate peripheral eosinophilia
• On X-ray, 15–35 cm long filling defects

9. Management
• Albendazole,
• Mebendazole,
• Levamisole and
• Pyrantel pamoate.

10. Ancylostomiasis (Hook Worm)
• Caused by Ancylostoma duodenale
• Sucks 0.2 ml blood/day/worm
• Female worms – 9000-30000 eggs/day

12. Sign and symptoms
• Signs and symptoms varies depending on the organism.
• Anemia
• Ulcer type pain
• Malnutrition

13. Treatment
• The drug of choice for the treatment of hookworm disease is
mebendazole

14. Enterobiasis (Pinworm)
• Caused by a small, thin, white
roundworm called Enterobius
vermicularis.
• Autoinfection
• Retroinfection
• Salphangitis
• Nocturnal eneuresis
• Eczema
• Genital tract infection
• Mebendazole

15. Taeniasis (Tapeworm)
• Caused by Taenia solium (pig), Taenia saginata (beef), and Taenia
asiatica (Asian tapeworm)
• Human is definite host, while animals are intermediate host.

17. Sign and symptoms
1. Anaemia and indigestion
2. As cysticercosis lead to headaches,
dizziness, seizures, dementia,
hypertension, lesions in the brain,
blindness, tumor-like growths, and
low eosinophil levels.
3. Praziquantel is the treatment of
choice

18. THANK YOU