2. The greatest discoveries of zoology
Mid-way through the 4th century BC the
Greek Philosopher ARISTOTLE turned his
great mind to the wildlife around
him and documented
the behaviour and characteristics of
hundreds of species in nine books that
together became The History of Animals.
3. The greatest discoveries of zoology
Mendelianinheritance
It took the patience and perseverance of Gregor Johan
Meldel, a 19th century monk, to discover that traits were
passed on from one generation to the next. Mendel, who
grew thousands of pea plants and painstakingly
observed their inherited characteristics, showed that
each new generation received "elements" from both of
its parents, and that some were recessive and others
dominant, thereby laying the foundations of genetic
inheritance.
4. The greatest discoveries of zoology
Microscopic life
The 17th century Dutch scientist Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek made
some of the best microscopes of his time, using them to discover
microorganisms, or "animalcules". His work led to dramatic re-evaluations
of the causes of disease and improvements in hygiene.
5. The greatest discoveries of zoology
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured
Races in the Struggle for Life), published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific
literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary
biology.
8. The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature was founded on 18 September
1895.
The ICZN is responsible for producing the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature - a
set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems.
The Commission currently comprises 27 members from 18 countries. The Secretariat,
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Lee Kong Chian Natural History
Museum, 2 Conservatory Drive, Singapore 117377, Republic of Singapore
tel.: +65 6516 8364 e-mail: iczn (at) nus.edu.sg
11. Zoological Survey of India
(ZSI), Alipur, Kolkatasince
its inception on 1st July,
1916, has been
pioneering on the
taxonomic research on
animals, focusing on
exploring, collecting,
identifying/describing
and classifying the animal
taxa for inventorying,
documentation and
digitization of Indian
fauna.
16. National Biodiversity Authority (NBA)
The National Biodiversity
Authority (NBA) is a statutory
autonomous body under the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, Government
of India. The
National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) was
established by the Central Government in
2003 to implement India's Biological
Diversity Act (2002).
17. Zoogeographical Realms or Regions
P. L. Sclater (1857) divided the geographical areas of
the Earth into six parts, on the basis of the
distribution of birds.
Alfred Russel Wallace in 1876 published a paper on zoogeographical realms. He
retained the ‘six area concept’ of Sclater, but included in his study all the
terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates. The only change, he made was in
renaming the Indian region of Sclater to Oriental region.
Types of Zoogeographical Realms:
1. Palaearctic Realm. 2. Nearctic Realm.
3. Neo-tropical Realm. 4. Ethiopian Realm.
5. Oriental Realm. 6. Australian Realm.
19. Species on earth
There are 8.7 million species on earth (not counting bacteria)
surprisingly 86 % of all land species &
91 percent of all ocean species have yet to be
discovered by science &
advances in underwater exploration are
allowing prospectors to investigate the previously inaccessible deep ocean.
25. New Insect Order Mantophasmatodea
Discovered on 2002
For the first time in 87 years, Oliver Zampro, a graduate student
at the Max-Planck Institute for
Limnology in Ploen, Germany and
his colleagues discovered
a little-known group called
ice crawlers under an entirely new
Order Mantophasmatodea.
31st insect order, Mantophasmatodea,
fall into the smallest insect order on record.
Thirteen living species of Mantophasmatodea
have now been named and placed
in 10 genera and three different families.
26. Animals new to science from India
The Animal Discoveries during the year 2016 has been compiled with 313 new
species and 83 new records from India. The new species comprise 258 species
of invertebrata and 55 species of vertebrata. Among invertebrate insect
predominates with 197 species followed by Arachnida with 27 species. Among
vertebrates 27 new species of fishes 12 species of Amphibia and 6 species of
reptilia have been discovered.
313 Species of Animals new to science from India
1 Species of Porifera...4 Species of Cnidaria...10 Species of Platyhelminthes…15
Species of Nematoda…1 Species of Annelida… 27 Species of Arachnida…9 Species of
Crustacea…4 Species of Collembola…197 Species of Insecta…27 Species of
Pisces…12 Species of Amphibia…6 Species of Reptilia
81 Species of Animals new records from India
2 Species of Protozoa…8 Species of Cnidaria…1 Species of Platyhelminthes…19 Species of
Arachnida…1 Species of Crustacea…30 Species of Insecta… 8 Species of Bryozoa …1
Species of Mollusca…2 Species of Echinodermata…5 Species of Ascidiacea…4 Species of
Pisces
