The Apostles - Tony Mariot

THE 12 APOSTLES
The 12 Apostles ! Dr. Tony Mariot1

In Christianity, the disciples were the students of Jesus during his
ministry. The term disciple originally referenced the Twelve Apostles.
But the gospels refer to a varying numbers of disciples over time. In
One reference there were over 70 disciples.
The seventy disciples or seventy-two disciples (known in the Eastern
Christian traditions as the Seventy Apostles) were early emissaries of
Jesus mentioned in the Gospel of Luke 10:1–24. According to Luke,
the only gospel in which they appear, Jesus appointed them and sent
them out in pairs on a specific mission. In Western Christianity, they
are usually referred to as disciples, in Eastern Christianity they are
usually referred to as Apostles.
1 James "the Lord's brother" (James the Just), author of the
Epistle of James, and first Bishop of Jerusalem. Matthew
13:55; Mark 6:3, Acts 12:17, 15:13;.
2 Agabus. Reference to in Acts 11:28; 21:10.
3 Amplias. Reference to in Romans 16:8
4 Mark the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Mark and
Bishop of Alexandria
5 Luke the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Luke
6 Cleopas
7 Simeon, son of Cleopas, 2nd Bishop of Jerusalem
8 Barnabas, companion of Paul
9 Justus, Bishop of Eleutheropolis
10 Thaddeus of Edessa (not the Apostle called Thaddeus),
also known as Saint Addai
11 Ananias, Bishop of Damascus
12 Stephen, one of the Seven Deacons, the first martyr
13 Philip the Evangelist, one of the Seven Deacons, Bishop of
Tralles in Asia Minor
14 Prochorus, one of the Seven Deacons, Bishop of
Nicomedia in Bithynia
15 Nicanor the Deacon, one of the Seven Deacons
16 Timon, one of the Seven Deacons

17 Parmenas the Deacon, one of the Seven Deacons
18 Timothy, Bishop of Ephesus
19 Titus, Bishop of Crete
20 Philemon, Bishop of Gaza
21 Onesimus (Not the Onesimus mentioned in the Epistle to
Philemon)
22 Epaphras, Bishop of Andriaca
23 Archippus
24 Silas, Bishop of Corinth
25 Silvanus
26 Crescens
27 Crispus, Bishop of Chalcedon in Galilee
28 Epenetus, Bishop of Carthage
29 Andronicus, Bishop of Pannonia
30 Stachys, Bishop of Byzantium
31 Amplias, Bishop of Odissa (Odessus)
32 Urban, Bishop of Macedonia
33 Narcissus, Bishop of Athens
34 Apelles, Bishop of Heraklion
35 Aristobulus, Bishop of Britain
36 Herodion, Bishop of Patras
37 Agabus the Prophet
38 Rufus, Bishop of Thebes
39 Asyncritus, Bishop of Hyrcania
40 Phlegon, Bishop of Marathon
41 Hermes, Bishop of Philippopolis
42 Parrobus, Bishop of Pottole
43 Hermas, Bishop of Dalmatia
44 Pope Linus, Bishop of Rome
45 Gaius, Bishop of Ephesus
46 Philologus, Bishop of Sinope
47 Lucius of Cyrene, Bishop of Laodicea in Syria
48 Jason, Bishop of Tarsus
49 Sosipater, Bishop of Iconium

50 Olympas
51 Tertius, transcriber of the Epistle to the Romans and
Bishop of Iconium
52 Erastus, Bishop of Paneas
53 Quartus, Bishop of Berytus
54 Euodias, Bishop of Antioch
55 Onesiphorus, Bishop of Cyrene
56 Clement, Bishop of Sardis
57 Sosthenes, Bishop of Colophon
58 Apollos, Bishop of Caesarea
59 Tychicus, Bishop of Colophon
60 Epaphroditus
61 Carpus, Bishop of Beroea in Thrace
62 Quadratus
63 John Mark - Bishop of Byblos
64 Zenas the Lawyer, Bishop of Diospolis
65 Aristarchus, Bishop of Apamea in Syria
66 Pudens
67 Trophimus
68 Mark, Bishop of Apollonia
69 Artemas, Bishop of Lystra
70 Aquila
71 Fortunatus
72 Achaicus (1 Corinthians 16:17)
73 Tabitha, a woman disciple, whom Peter raised from the
dead.
Matthias, who would later replace Judas Iscariot as one of the twelve
Apostles, is also often numbered among the seventy, since John Mark
is typically viewed as Mark the Evangelist.
Some lists name a few different disciples than the ones listed above.
Those would be…
• Another Stephen
• Rodion
• Cephas, Bishop of Iconium

• Caesar, Bishop of Dyrrhachium
• Another Mark, Bishop of Apollonias
• Another Tychicus, Bishop of Chalcedon in Bithynia
After the resurrection the reference to the original 12 disciples
dropped and they became known as Apostles. Over time, the
reference of Apostles was considered sacred to the original 12, so
much so, that even Peter disputed the reference being used with Paul.
The Incident at Antioch was an Apostolic Age dispute between the
apostles Paul and Peter which occurred in the city of Antioch around
the middle of the ﬁrst century. According to Galatians chapter 2, Peter
had traveled to Antioch and there was a dispute between him and
Paul. The Epistle does not exactly say if this happened after the
Council of Jerusalem or before it, but the incident is mentioned in
Paul's letter as his next subject after describing a meeting in
Jerusalem which is considered to be the council.
The primary source for the incident is Paul's Epistle to the Galatians
2:11–14
11 But when Peter was come to Antioch, I withstood him to the face, because
he was to be blamed.
12 For before that certain came from James, he did eat with the Gentiles: but
when they were come, he withdrew and separated himself, fearing them
which were of the circumcision.
13 And the other Jews dissembled likewise with him; insomuch that
Barnabas also was carried away with their dissimulation.
14 But when I saw that they walked not uprightly according to the truth of
the gospel, I said unto Peter before them all, If thou, being a Jew, livest after
the manner of Gentiles, and not as do the Jews, why compellest thou the
Gentiles to live as do the Jews?
The Acts of the Apostles relates a fallout between Paul and Barnabas
soon after the Council of Jerusalem, but gives the reason as the ﬁtness

of John Mark to join Paul's mission (Acts 15:36–40). Acts also
describes the time when Peter went to the house of a gentile. Acts
11:1–3
The apostles and the believers throughout Judea heard that the
Gentiles also had received the word of God. So when Peter went up
to Jerusalem, the circumcised believers criticized him and said, "You
went into the house of the uncircumcised and ate with them."
This is described as having happened before the death of King Herod
(Agrippa) in 44 AD, years before the Council of Jerusalem (dated
50AD). Acts is entirely silent about any confrontation between Peter
and Paul, that or any other time.
There is some debate that the confrontation was actually not between
Paul and Peter, the Apostle, but another one of the identiﬁed 70
disciples of the time with the same name as Peter.
In 1708, a French Jesuit, Jean Hardouin, wrote a dissertation that
argues "Peter" was actually "another Peter", thus the emphasis of
using the name Cephas (Aramaic for Peter)
In the Book of Acts, the Apostles themselves have disciples. The word
disciple is used today as a way of self-identiﬁcation for those who
seek to learn from Christianity as a whole.
The term disciple is derived from the New Testament Greek word
discipulus meaning "a learner". While the word Apostle means
"messenger, he that is sent with signs following". Which is to say an
Apostle must have evidence validating his calling with miracles
worked through them by the Spirit of the Lord.
A disciple is one who learns from a teacher or more appropriately a
student. An apostle is sent to deliver those teachings to others. The

reference of Apostle is more closely related to the teacher in that the
teacher directly sends the learned student out to repeat what he has
learned.
Somewhat like a professor at a University teaching students how to
write a thesis and the students become doctoral graduates and later
in some cases professors themselves.
The word disciple appears two hundred and thirty two times in the four
gospels and the Book of Acts.
Part of what the Apostles did in their efforts to get the word of Jesus
out into the world was to write a series of letters to churches and
others. These letters became known as the books of Matthew Mark,
Luke and John, named after each of the Apostles and later canonized
in the Bible. These 4 books as a whole are referred to as the Gospels.
Gospel means “good news” in Old English.
There are many who ascribe to themselves the title of Apostle, but in
order to qualify from a biblically, they must adhere to the standard
set by the Apostles themselves.
Acts 1:21-26
21 Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the time that
the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,
22 Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he was
taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us of his
resurrection.
23 And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was surnamed
Justus, and Matthias.
24 And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts of all
men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen,
25 That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from which Judas
by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.

26 And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and he was
numbered with the eleven apostles.
The difficulty for modern day proclaimed apostles is that they drop
the requisites in order to claim the assignment.
First, the individual must have seen the resurrected Christ. (John
15:27; Acts 1:21-22; 4:33; 22:14-15; 1 Corinthians 9:1). All of the
original Apostles saw the resurrected Christ (John 20:19- 29) except of
course Judas.
Second, they must have personally been called to that office by Jesus
(Luke 6:13; Acts 1:2; Galatians 1:1). For example we have the recorded
calling of only Peter, Andrew, James, John and Levi of the original
twelve. The other seven are not recorded.
Third, they must exhibit the power of working miracles (Mark 16:20;
Acts 2:33, 43; 5:2; 1 Corinthians 12:8-11). Jesus gave the twelve
Apostles the power to perform miracles when He sent them forth
(Matthew 10:1-4).
They must have been ALIVE and in the company of Jesus and the
Disciples themselves from the time Jesus was baptized by John the
Baptist until HE ascended to Heaven in the presence of the all the
disciples.
This cannot be ignored, neither the fact that Jesus Himself appointed
these men to their service. There can be an argument in this case
because of the advent of Paul's assignment which was two years after
Christ death on the road to Damascus.
However, Paul lived and was around Jesus and the disciples for the
duration of the ministry as a persecutor, therefore he qualifies. His

ministry was also validated by Peter, James and John and Paul
performed miracles.
1 Corinthians 9:1
9 Am I am not an apostle? am I not free? have I not seen Jesus Christ
our Lord? are not ye my work in the Lord?
Galatians 1:15-20
15 But when it pleased God, who separated me from my mother's
womb, and called me by his grace,
16 To reveal his Son in me, that I might preach him among the
heathen; immediately I conferred not with ﬂesh and blood:
17 Neither went I up to Jerusalem to them which were apostles before
me; but I went into Arabia, and returned again unto Damascus.
18 Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to see Peter, and
abode with him ﬁfteen days.
19 But other of the apostles saw I none, save James the Lord's brother.
20 Now the things which I write unto you, behold, before God, I lie
not.
Galatians 2:7-10
7 But contrariwise, when they saw that the gospel of the
uncircumcision was committed unto me, as the gospel of the
circumcision was unto Peter;
8 (For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the
circumcision, the same was mighty in me toward the Gentiles:)
9 And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars,
perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and
Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the
heathen, and they unto the circumcision.
10
The only area where he did not meet the requirement was following
Jesus for those 3 1⁄2 years from His baptism to His ascension. But,

Jesus spent the same amount of time with Paul as He spent with the
original 12.
Did Paul Accompany Jesus from His baptism until the day He was
taken from heaven. No. This was a requirement that Peter and the
other Apostles applied to ﬁll the spot vacated by Judas. But, Galatians
1:17-18 and 2 Corinthians 12:1-5 declare that Jesus taught Paul for 3
1⁄2 years in Arabia.
2 Corinthians 12:11-12 ¶ I am become a fool in glorying; ye have
compelled me: for I ought to have been commended of you: for in
nothing am I behind the very chiefest apostles, though I be nothing.
12 Truly the signs of an apostle were wrought among you in all
patience, in signs, and wonders, and mighty deeds.
Witnesses proclaim that Paul was an Apostle
Barnabas witnessed that Paul had seen the resurrected Christ (Acts
9:27)
Luke, the author of the Gospel and the book of Acts declares that
Barnabas and Paul were Apostles (Acts 14:14)
Paul proclaims himself to be an Apostle: (Romans 1:1; 11:13; 1
Corinthians 1:1; 9:1-2; 15:9; 2 Corinthians 1:1; Galatians 1:1; Ephesians
1:1; Colossians 1:1; 1 Timothy 1:1; 2:7; 2 Timothy 1:1; 11.
Acts 13:11
Verse Concepts
"Now, behold, the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you will be
blind and not see the sun for a time." And immediately a mist and a
darkness fell upon him, and he went about seeking those who would
lead him by the hand.

Acts 14:10
Verse Concepts
said with a loud voice, "Stand upright on your feet." And he leaped
up and began to walk.
Acts 16:18
Verse Concepts
She continued doing this for many days. But Paul was greatly
annoyed, and turned and said to the spirit, "I command you in the
name of Jesus Christ to come out of her!" And it came out at that very
moment.
Acts 19:11-12
God was performing extraordinary miracles by the hands of Paul, so
that handkerchiefs or aprons were even carried from his body to the
sick, and the diseases left them and the evil spirits went out.
Acts 20:10-12
But Paul went down and fell upon him, and after embracing him, he
said, "Do not be troubled, for his life is in him." When he had gone
back up and had broken the bread and eaten, he talked with them a
long while until daybreak, and then left. They took away the boy
alive, and were greatly comforted.
Acts 28:5
Verse Concepts
However he shook the creature off into the fire and suffered no harm.
Acts 28:8
Verse Concepts
And it happened that the father of Publius was lying in bed afflicted
with recurrent fever and dysentery; and Paul went in to see him and
after he had prayed, he laid his hands on him and healed him.
The books of the Apostles are often referred to as the Synoptic
Gospels, specifically, Matthew, Mark and Luke. The term “synoptic” is

a Greek term and means "seeing together," the word is used
specifically in analyzing and understanding the similarities and
differences between the first three gospels and John.
John differs significantly from the synoptic gospels in theme, content,
time duration, order of events, and style. About 8% of it is parallel to
the other gospels, and even then, there is no word-for-word
parallelism that occurs in John as it does in Matthew Mark and Luke.
The Twelve Apostles were men whom Jesus of Nazareth had chosen
himself, named, and trained in order to send them on a specific
mission.
The Gospels give varying names of the twelve. The three Synoptic
Gospels name the Apostles accordingly.
Matthew 10:1-4
1. And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he gave
them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all
manner of sickness and all manner of disease.
2. Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The first, Simon,
who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of
Zebedee, and John his brother;
(Andrew: The brother of Simon/Peter, was a former disciple of John
the Baptist.)
3. Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican;
James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was
Thaddaeus;
4. Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
Mark 3:16-19
16. And Simon he surnamed Peter;

17. And James the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and
he surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder:

18. And Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and
Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and Simon
the Canaanite,
19. And Judas Iscariot, which also betrayed him: and they went into
an house.
Luke 6:13-16
13. And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of
them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles;
14. Simon, (whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother,
James and John, Philip and Bartholomew,
15. Matthew and Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon
called Zelotes,
16. And Judas the brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, which also
was the traitor.
The individual that the Gospel of John names as Nathanael has
traditionally been identified as the same person that the other
Gospels call Bartholomew son of Talemai.
Matthew: was a tax collector.
Thomas: Also known as Judas Thomas Didymus
James, son of Alphaeus: Generally identified with "James the Less",
and also identified by Roman Catholics with "James the Just".

Thaddeus: In some manuscripts of Matthew, the name "Lebbaeus" is
used in place of Thaddeus. He is traditionally identified with Jude.
Simon the Zealot: Some have identified him with Simeon of
Jerusalem.
Judas Iscariot: The disciple who later betrayed Jesus.
After Judas Iscariot betrayed Christ and then in guilt committed
suicide before Christ's resurrection leaving eleven apostles.
According to Acts 1, in the days following the Ascension of Jesus,
Peter proposed to the assembled disciples, who numbered about one
hundred and twenty, that they choose one to fill the place of Judas in
the apostolate:
Acts 1:15-26
15. And in those days Peter stood up in the midst of the disciples, and
said, (the number of names together were about an hundred and
twenty,)
16. Men and brethren, this scripture must needs have been fulfilled,
which the Holy Ghost by the mouth of David spake before
concerning Judas, which was guide to them that took Jesus.
17. For he was numbered with us, and had obtained part of this
ministry.
18. Now this man purchased a field with the reward of iniquity; and
falling headlong, he burst asunder in the midst, and all his bowels
gushed out.
19. And it was known unto all the dwellers at Jerusalem; insomuch as
that field is called in their proper tongue, Aceldama, that is to say,
The field of blood.

20. For it is written in the book of Psalms, Let his habitation be
desolate, and let no man dwell therein: and his bishoprick let another
take.
21. Wherefore of these men which have companied with us all the
time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,
22. Beginning from the baptism of John, unto that same day that he
was taken up from us, must one be ordained to be a witness with us
of his resurrection.
23. And they appointed two, Joseph called Barsabas, who was
surnamed Justus, and Matthias.
24. And they prayed, and said, Thou, Lord, which knowest the hearts
of all men, shew whether of these two thou hast chosen,
25. That he may take part of this ministry and apostleship, from
which Judas by transgression fell, that he might go to his own place.
26. And they gave forth their lots; and the lot fell upon Matthias; and
he was numbered with the eleven apostles.
So, between the ascension of Christ and the day of Pentecost, the
remaining apostles elected a twelfth apostle by casting lots, this was a
traditional Jewish way to determine the Will of God.
The lot fell to Matthias, who then became the twelfth apostle. There is
no mention of Matthias among the lists of disciples in the three
synoptic gospels.
The Gospel of Luke differs slightly, listing a "Judas, son of James" and
not listing a "Thaddeus."
Luke has "Simon the Zealot" in place of "Simon the Cananean". Its
unclear whether these two Simons refer to the same person.

The Gospel of John, unlike the Synoptic Gospels, does not offer a
formal list of apostles, though it does refer to the Twelve in a number
of places.
John 6:67
Then said Jesus unto the twelve, Will ye also go away?
John 6:70-71
70. Jesus answered them, Have not I chosen you twelve, and one of
you is a devil?
71. He spake of Judas Iscariot the son of Simon: for he it was that
should betray him, being one of the twelve.
The other three Gospels, Matthew, Mark and Luke contain a complete
list of the twelve apostles and contain no reference to a "Nathanael."
So all the Gospel accounts do not agree as to the names of the twelve.
The sons of Zebedee refers to James and John, while Judas (not
Iscariot) probably refers to the same Jude, son of James, as the Gospel
of Luke's account.
Missing from the Gospel of John is James, son of Alphaeus, Matthew,
and Simon the Canaanite/Zealot.
In his writings, Saul, later known as Paul, though not one of the
Twelve, described himself as an apostle.
Romans 1:1
Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an apostle, separated unto
the gospel of God,
Romans 11:13
For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the
Gentiles, I magnify mine ofﬁce:

Galatians 2:8
(For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the
He also described some of his companions as apostles (Barnabas,
Silas, Apollos, Andronicus and Junia) and even some of his
opponents as super-apostles
2nd Corinthians 11:5
For I suppose I was not a whit behind the very chiefest apostles.
2nd Corinthians 12:11
I am become a fool in glorying; ye have compelled me: for I ought to
have been commended of you: for in nothing am I behind the very
chiefest apostles, though I be nothing
As the Catholic Encyclopedia states: "It is at once evident that in a
Christian sense, everyone who had received a mission from God, or
Christ, to man could be called 'Apostle'"; thus extending the original
sense beyond the original Twelve.
Since Paul claimed to have received the Gospel through a revelation
of Jesus Christ.
Galatians 1:12
For I neither received it of man, neither was I taught it, but by the
revelation of Jesus Christ.
Paul claimed he was appointed by the resurrected Jesus himself
during his Road to Damascus vision; speciﬁcally he referred to
himself as the Apostle to the Gentiles.
Acts 9:3-19
3. And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there
shined round about him a light from heaven:
4. And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul,
Saul, why persecutest thou me?

5. And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And the Lord said, I am Jesus
whom thou persecutest: it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks.
6. And he trembling and astonished said, Lord, what wilt thou have
me to do? And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the city,
and it shall be told thee what thou must do.
7. And the men which journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing
a voice, but seeing no man.
8. And Saul arose from the earth; and when his eyes were opened, he
saw no man: but they led him by the hand, and brought him into
Damascus.
9. And he was three days without sight, and neither did eat nor
drink.
10. And there was a certain disciple at Damascus, named Ananias;
and to him said the Lord in a vision, Ananias. And he said, Behold, I
am here, Lord.
11. And the Lord said unto him, Arise, and go into the street which is
called Straight, and enquire in the house of Judas for one called Saul,
of Tarsus: for, behold, he prayeth,
12. And hath seen in a vision a man named Ananias coming in, and
putting his hand on him, that he might receive his sight.
13. Then Ananias answered, Lord, I have heard by many of this man,
how much evil he hath done to thy saints at Jerusalem:
14. And here he hath authority from the chief priests to bind all that
call on thy name.
15. But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel
unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the
children of Israel:
16. For I will shew him how great things he must suffer for my
name's sake.
17. And Ananias went his way, and entered into the house; and
putting his hands on him said, Brother Saul, the Lord, even Jesus,
that appeared unto thee in the way as thou camest, hath sent me, that
thou mightest receive thy sight, and be ﬁlled with the Holy Ghost.

18. And immediately there fell from his eyes as it had been scales:
and he received sight forthwith, and arose, and was baptized.
19. And when he had received meat, he was strengthened. Then was
Saul certain days with the disciples which were at Damascus.
Acts 9:26-27
And when Saul was come to Jerusalem, he assayed to join himself to
the disciples: but they were all afraid of him, and believed not that he
was a disciple.
But Barnabas took him, and brought him to the apostles, and
declared unto them how he had seen the Lord in the way, and that he
had spoken to him, and how he had preached boldly at Damascus in
the name of Jesus.
After the death and resurrection, Paul was often obliged to defend his
apostolic authority.
1st Corinthians 9:1
Am I am not an apostle? am I not free? have I not seen Jesus Christ
our Lord? are not ye my work in the Lord?
Paul proclaimed that he had seen and was anointed by Jesus while on
the road to Damascus; but James, Peter and John in Jerusalem
accepted his apostleship to the Gentiles (speciﬁcally those not
circumcised) as of equal authority as Peter's to the Jews (speciﬁcally
those circumcised).
Galatians 2:7-9
7. But contrariwise, when they saw that the gospel of the
uncircumcision was committed unto me, as the gospel of the
circumcision was unto Peter;
8. (For he that wrought effectually in Peter to the apostleship of the

9. And when James, Cephas, and John, who seemed to be pillars,
perceived the grace that was given unto me, they gave to me and
Barnabas the right hands of fellowship; that we should go unto the
heathen, and they unto the circumcision.
The Apostles "James, Peter and John, agreed that Paul and Barnabas
should go to the Gentiles, and they to the Jews." Galatians 2:9
Paul, considered himself inferior to the other Apostles because he had
persecuted Christ's followers .
1 Corinthians 15:9
For I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be called an
apostle, because I persecuted the church of God.
It is argued that Paul and Peter disagreed on the extent of Paul's
authority as an Apostle, with Peter maintaining Paul was not one of
those chosen by Jesus, or by him chosen after his death.
Nevertheless, the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox
Church consider Paul an Apostle; they honor Paul and Peter together
on June 29.
Paul sometimes replaces Matthias in classical depictions of "The
Twelve Apostles," although he has also been called the "Thirteenth
Apostle" because he was not a member of the original Twelve (unlike
the replacement Matthias) but he is still considered an apostle.
Of the thirteen letters traditionally attributed to Paul and included in
the New Testament canon, there is little or no dispute that Paul
actually wrote at least seven, those being Romans, First Corinthians,

Second Corinthians, Galatians, Philippians, First Thessalonians, and
Philemon.
Hebrews, which was ascribed to him in antiquity. More problematic
is Ephesians, a very similar letter to Colossians, but which reads more
like a manifesto than a letter. It is almost entirely lacking in personal
reminiscences. Its style is unique; it lacks the emphasis on the cross to
be found in other Pauline writings.
Other New Testament usages of the term "apostle"
The writer of the Letter to the Hebrews refers to Jesus as the "apostle
and high priest of our professed faith" and of rank greater than that
of Moses.
Hebrews 3:1
Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider
the Apostle and High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus;
Barnabas is referred to as an apostle.
Acts 14:14
Which when the apostles, Barnabas and Paul, heard of, they rent their
clothes, and ran in among the people, crying out,
Andronicus and Junia
In Romans 16:7 Paul states that Andronicus and Junia were "of note
among the apostles".
Romans 16:7
Salute Andronicus and Junia, my kinsmen, and my fellow-prisoners,
who are of note among the apostles, who also were in Christ before
me.
There are two interesting questions here. First, was Junia female?
Second, there is the question of whether the phrase means they were

well-known to the apostles, or were apostles themselves. Taken
together, these raise the possibility of a female apostle.
Silas also performs the functioning of an apostle as Paul's companion
in Paul's second missionary journey.
Timothy is referred to as an apostle in I Thessalonians 1:1 and 2:6
along with Silas and Paul. However, in II Corinthians 1:1, he is only
called a "brother" when Paul refers to himself as "an apostle of
Christ".
2 Corinthians 1:1
Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, and Timothy our
brother, unto the church of God which is at Corinth, with all the
saints which are in all Achaia:
Timothy performs many of the functions of an apostle in the
commissioning of Paul in 1 Timothy, but in those epistles Paul refers
to him as his "son" in the faith.
1 Timothy 1:2
Unto Timothy, my own son in the faith: Grace, mercy, and peace,
from God our Father and Jesus Christ our Lord.
Apollos is included as "us apostles" along with Paul and probably
"Cephas" (Peter)
1 Corinthians 3:4-6
4. For while one saith, I am of Paul; and another, I am of Apollos; are
ye not carnal?
5. Who then is Paul, and who is Apollos, but ministers by whom ye
believed, even as the Lord gave to every man?
6. I have planted, Apollos watered; but God gave the increase.
Titus is not referred to directly in title as an apostle, but his
commission as one is strongly implied in Titus 1:5.
Titus 1:5

For this cause left I thee in Crete, that thou shouldest set in order the
things that are wanting, and ordain elders in every city, as I had
appointed thee:
Also, he is called a "son" in the faith, just as is Timothy, who was
included in the designation of "apostles" in I Thessalonians.
The Twelve Apostles were, according to the Synoptic Gospels and
Christian tradition, disciples (followers) whom Jesus of Nazareth had
chosen, named, and trained in order to send them on a speciﬁc
mission.
After the Apostle Judas Iscariot had betrayed Jesus, the remaining
Apostles ﬁlled the vacancy by electing by lot Matthias, a companion
of theirs ever since they had followed Jesus so that by the time of the
coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost they actually numbered twelve
again.
The word "disciple" refers to a "learner" or "follower." The word
"apostle" refers to "one who is sent out." While Jesus was on earth, the
twelve were called disciples.
The 12 disciples followed Jesus Christ, learned from Him, and were
trained by Him. After Jesus' resurrection and ascension, Jesus sent the
disciples out (Matthew 28:18-20; Acts 1:8) to be His witnesses.
They were then referred to as the twelve apostles. However, even
when Jesus was still on earth, the terms disciples and apostles were
used somewhat interchangeably, as Jesus trained them and sent them
out.
Matthew 28:18-20
18. And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given
unto me in heaven and in earth.
19. Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name
of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:

20. Teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have
commanded you: and, lo, I am with you always, even unto the end of
the world. Amen.
The original twelve disciples / apostles are as follows.
Matthew 10:2-4
2. Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The ﬁrst, Simon,
who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of
Zebedee, and John his brother;
3. Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican;
James the son of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was
Thaddaeus;
4. Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.
The twelve disciples / apostles were ordinary men whom God used
in an extraordinary manner. Among the 12 were ﬁshermen, a tax
collector, and a revolutionary. The Gospels record the constant
failings, struggles, and doubts of these twelve men who followed
Jesus Christ.
Today, Catholicism and Judaism consider their Cardinals, Priest,
Pastors, Preachers, Bishops, Teachers and all those who are leaders in
the faith to be Apostles. While this may technically be true, the title is
not used without much trepidation.
The term disciple is much more widely accepted with in the faith as
all who follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. I will end this discourse
with a review of the deaths of the apostles.

The Death of the Original Twelve Disciples
Christian tradition suggest that all but one Apostle was martyred.
John lived into old age while in exile on the isle of Patmos. Only the
death of James, (son of Zebedee, Johns brother) and Judas Iscariot is
described in the New Testament. The details of the other deaths are
subject to legend, the most consistent versions of the deaths I
chronicle below.
1. Judas Iscariot, originally one of the Twelve, died after the death of
Jesus. Matthew 27:5 says that he hanged himself, and Acts 1:18 says
that he fell, burst open, and his "bowels gushed out.
2. James, son of Zebedee was beheaded in 44 A.D., first of the twelve
to die. He died in Judæa a mountainous southern part of the Land of
Israel.
3. Matthew was killed by a halberd on January 24 60 A.D. near
Hierapolis or Ethiopia. A halberd (also called halbert or Swiss voulge)
is a two-handed pole weapon. The halberd consists of an axe blade
topped with a spike mounted on a long shaft.
4. Peter, crucified upside-down in Rome circa 64 A.D.
5. Thomas was killed by a spear. Died 72 A.D. near Chennai, India
6. Philip was crucified in 80 A.D. in Hierapolis. Hierapolis was the
ancient city on top of the Pamukkale hot springs located in south-
western Turkey near Denizli.
7. Matthias was stoned and beheaded in 80 A.D.

8. Simon the Zealot was also known as Simon the Canaanite and was
crucified in 107 AD place of death disputed. Possibly Pella, Armenia;
Suanir, Persia or Edessa
9. John, son of Zebedee, died of natural causes due to old age, last of
the twelve to die, only one of the twelve to die naturally. He died in
exile on the isle of Patmos 110 A.D.
10. Andrew, Peter's brother, was crucified. mid-late 1st Century AD/
CE, in Patras, on an X shaped cross. Patras is Greece's fourth largest
city after Athens.
11. Bartholomew was Flayed (Flaying is the removal of skin from the
body) then crucified in Armenia. The Republic of Armenia, is a
landlocked mountainous country in Eurasia between the Black Sea
and the Caspian Sea in the Southern Caucasus. It borders Turkey to
the west, Georgia to the north, Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran.
12. James, son of Alphaeus, beaten to death by a club after being
crucified and stoned. Year of death unknown and location was
presumed to be either Egypt or Jerusalem
13. Jude was crucified 1st century AD, in Persia. identified as both
Jude of James and Thaddeus in the New Testament. He is also called
Lebbaeus, Thaddaeus, or Judas Thaddaeus.

The Apostles - Tony Mariot

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The Apostles - Tony Mariot