This document introduces patrology, defined as the study of the Church Fathers, emphasizing the importance of understanding their lives and writings within their historical context. It outlines the necessary qualifications for being considered a Church Father, such as orthodoxy, holiness, church acceptance, and antiquity, and categorizes various types of Church Fathers, including apostles, apologists, and ecumenical teachers. The text also discusses how to approach their writings thoughtfully, advocating for a comprehensive understanding that respects biblical and church traditions.

1. PatrologyPatrology
Talk 1: Introduction to PatrologyTalk 1: Introduction to Patrology
1Cor 4:151Cor 4:15 “For although you have ten thousand“For although you have ten thousand
instructors in Christ, yet you have not many fathers.instructors in Christ, yet you have not many fathers.
For in Christ Jesus, through the Gospel, I haveFor in Christ Jesus, through the Gospel, I have
begotten you.”begotten you.”
Pre Servants Program 2009-2010Pre Servants Program 2009-2010
Ehab RoufailEhab Roufail

2. OutlineOutline
• What is Patrology?What is Patrology?
• Who is a Father of the Church?Who is a Father of the Church?
• Why Study the Church Fathers?Why Study the Church Fathers?
• How to read their Writings?How to read their Writings?

3. What is PatrologyWhat is Patrology
The word “Patrology” is derived from the Latin word “Pater” which
means “Father.”
• We are used to calling authors of the Early Christian writingsWe are used to calling authors of the Early Christian writings
the ‘Fathers of the Church’.the ‘Fathers of the Church’.
1Cor 4:151Cor 4:15 “For although you have ten thousand instructors in“For although you have ten thousand instructors in
Christ, yet you have not many fathers. For in Christ Jesus,Christ, yet you have not many fathers. For in Christ Jesus,
through the Gospel, I have begotten you.”through the Gospel, I have begotten you.”
• When a man learns from the mouth of another, it is said that he
is the son of the person who teaches him, and the latter is
called his father. [St. Irenaeus – Adv. Haer. 4,41,2]
• The speech is the son of the soul, therefore we call those who
teach us our fathers. [St. Clement of Alexandria – Strom 1,1, 2-
2,1]

4. What is PatrologyWhat is Patrology
• Patrology is the study or science of thePatrology is the study or science of the Church FathersChurch Fathers
– 1) The life of the Fathers: In order to understand their writings and sayings, their
lives and the environment in which they lived, must also be considered.
– 2) Their acts: The writings, sermons, dialogues, letters, etc. of the Fathers are
inseparable from their own lives. Patrology’s message is to be sure of the
authenticity of these acts scientifically, publishing them and translating them in
modern languages.
– 3) More importantly is the discovery of the thoughts of the Fathers, their
dogma, doctrines and concepts concerning God, man, church, salvation,
worship, creation, the body, the heavenly life, etc.
Patrology is the door through which we can enter into the church and attain her
spirit, which affects our inner life, conduct and behavior. Through Patrology, the
acts of the Fathers are transferred into living thoughts and concepts which are
based on a sound foundation, without ignoring the world around us.
[Fr. T.Malaty The Apostolic Fathers]

5. Who is a Father of the Church? - Necessary QualificationsWho is a Father of the Church? - Necessary Qualifications
For us we only regard ‘Fathers of the Church’ as those who haveFor us we only regard ‘Fathers of the Church’ as those who have
four necessary qualifications, these are:four necessary qualifications, these are:
• Orthodoxy of DoctrineOrthodoxy of Doctrine – The correctness of their teachings– The correctness of their teachings
around: Theology - the nature of Christ and The Holy Trinity,around: Theology - the nature of Christ and The Holy Trinity,
the Church - its Sacraments and life, The Bible and faith.the Church - its Sacraments and life, The Bible and faith.
• Holiness of lifeHoliness of life – “...but whosoever shall do and teach them– “...but whosoever shall do and teach them
the same shall be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven.”the same shall be called great in the Kingdom of Heaven.”
(Matt 5:19b)(Matt 5:19b)
• Church AcceptanceChurch Acceptance – The Church needs to acknowledge– The Church needs to acknowledge
her sons for them to be considered teachers.her sons for them to be considered teachers.
• AntiquityAntiquity – Closeness to the Lord and His Apostles. In the– Closeness to the Lord and His Apostles. In the
Oriental Orthodox Churches this dates a little after the councilOriental Orthodox Churches this dates a little after the council
of Chalcedon in 451 A.D.of Chalcedon in 451 A.D.

6. Who are the Church Fathers?Who are the Church Fathers?
The Church Fathers in general are theThe Church Fathers in general are the Teachers of the faithTeachers of the faith
among them being the members of the ecumenical councilsamong them being the members of the ecumenical councils
which defined the doctrine of the church against heresies. Theywhich defined the doctrine of the church against heresies. They
are:are:
• TheThe Apostolic FathersApostolic Fathers – those who were in touch with the– those who were in touch with the
apostles, such as St. Clement of Rome (disciple of St. Peter,apostles, such as St. Clement of Rome (disciple of St. Peter,
St. Ignatius of Antioch (disciple of St. John), or St. Polycarp ofSt. Ignatius of Antioch (disciple of St. John), or St. Polycarp of
Smyrna (disciple of St. John and other apostles)Smyrna (disciple of St. John and other apostles)
• The ApologistsThe Apologists who defended Christianity against amongstwho defended Christianity against amongst
others: the pagans, the educated classes, the Jews, the rulersothers: the pagans, the educated classes, the Jews, the rulers
and authorities of their day. Among them are St. Justin Martyr,and authorities of their day. Among them are St. Justin Martyr,
St. Athenagoras and St. Irenaeus.St. Athenagoras and St. Irenaeus.

7. Who are the Church Fathers?Who are the Church Fathers?
• TheThe Ecumenical TeachersEcumenical Teachers – Like St. Athanasius the– Like St. Athanasius the
Apostolic, St. Cyril the Great, St. Basil, St. Gregory theApostolic, St. Cyril the Great, St. Basil, St. Gregory the
Theologian, in the east St. John of the Golden Mouth,Theologian, in the east St. John of the Golden Mouth,
Keprianos, Ambrose, Jerome, and St. Augustine ofKeprianos, Ambrose, Jerome, and St. Augustine of
Hippo in the West.Hippo in the West.
• The ConfessorsThe Confessors – who taught, were persecuted for– who taught, were persecuted for
their faith and persevered through it like St. Dioscorustheir faith and persevered through it like St. Dioscorus
and St. Severus of Antioch.and St. Severus of Antioch.
• TheThe early fathers of monasticismearly fathers of monasticism who lived thewho lived the
purity of the faith and of its teachings in addition topurity of the faith and of its teachings in addition to
monasticism like St. Anthony the great, St.monasticism like St. Anthony the great, St.
Pachomious of the Kononia, St. Macarius the Great,Pachomious of the Kononia, St. Macarius the Great,
St. Shenouda, St. Isidore Pelusiam.St. Shenouda, St. Isidore Pelusiam.

8. Why Study the Church Fathers?Why Study the Church Fathers?

9. How should we read their writingsHow should we read their writings
1. We must not rely on the writings of a single Father, because no one is
capable of acknowledging the “truth” in its entirety. We only accept the
opinion of a Father, if it is in harmony with the Bible and the church tradition.
2. We must not rely on one or more separate quotation from the acts of any
Father, but rather study all his thoughts and understand the quotations
within his whole work. We must also consider the circumstances and the
church environment, at that time. We must not single out one or more
quotations to form our own opinion.
3. We must study the meaning of the terms which a Father had used.
Sometimes they had certain contemporary philosophical or popular
concepts of the era. Some Fathers used the same pagan or heretic terms of
that time, especially when they wrote to certain worldly groups. They wrote
to them, using their (pagan) own terms, language and concepts.
4. It is very useful to study the meaning of some difficult terms by comparing
them with the same terms used by their contemporary Fathers.
[Fr. T.Malaty The Apostolic Fathers]

10. How should we read their writingsHow should we read their writings
1. We must not rely on the writings of a single Father, because no one is
capable of acknowledging the “truth” in its entirety. We only accept the
opinion of a Father, if it is in harmony with the Bible and the church tradition.
2. We must not rely on one or more separate quotation from the acts of any
Father, but rather study all his thoughts and understand the quotations
within his whole work. We must also consider the circumstances and the
church environment, at that time. We must not single out one or more
quotations to form our own opinion.
3. We must study the meaning of the terms which a Father had used.
Sometimes they had certain contemporary philosophical or popular
concepts of the era. Some Fathers used the same pagan or heretic terms of
that time, especially when they wrote to certain worldly groups. They wrote
to them, using their (pagan) own terms, language and concepts.
4. It is very useful to study the meaning of some difficult terms by comparing
them with the same terms used by their contemporary Fathers.
[Fr. T.Malaty The Apostolic Fathers]