CRS - CRTS (convenient road system - convenient railway track system) is the method of identifying the most convenient, short, with minimal elevations / depressions / curves in the path between the two places we need to connect with the help of satellite pictures through the clues seen on the surface of the earth like water pathways (rivers) and the mountains / hills. With this we can save time, fuel, cost involved in transportation with less accidents and pollution.

1. Contentsof section12: Convenientroadandrailwaytrack system.
Chapter2-CRS CRTS System.
2.1-IntroductiontoCRS – CRTS.
2.2-Comparingthe presentroadand the CRS – CRTS.
2.3-Road and the Nation.
2.4-The relationbetweenthe driver –hisfamily – andthe transportation:
2.5-Defectsinthe organs of perceptionwillleadtoimpairedperception.
2.6-Vehicle andthe accident.
2.7-Road and accidents.
2.8-Principle of CRS-CRTS.
2.9-Convertingthe goodoldwalkingpathwill notfulfil the criteriaof CRS- CRTSsystem– A story.
2.10-What we are goingto learnfrom satellitebasedstudy.
2.11-Fewclues,the nature providesforCRS – CRTS creation.
2.12-ProposedCRS – CRTS path – an example.
2.13-CRS- CRTS procedure.
2.14-CRS – CRTS connectingthe majorcitieswiththe VP’scominginthatpath.
2.8-PicturesforPrinciple of CRS-CRTS.Continuationof 2.8(Section12).
Views to make this ‘World’ developed and this ‘Earth’
as the lovely place for every ‘Human’.
SECTION 12
CONVINIENT
ROAD AND
RAILWAY TRACK
SYSTEM
Let us become closer and enjoy the journey of closeness
With CRS – CRTS system.

2. Chapter 2: CRS CRTS System.
2.1. Introduction to CRS – CRTS.
Convenient road system (CRS) and convenient railway rail way track system (CRTS).
This type of the road or railway track system is nothing but the transportation path which is
convenient,lesserindistance between two points, broad, minimal elevations and depression, less
accident prone, fuel efficient, less maintainace and long life for the vehicles, less travelling time,
more economical, less affected by rain, more secure, less traffic issues, no abrupt blocking of the
roads with things like tree falling – land sliding and so on. But the creation of this system needs
better science and effort.
The initial investment of thissystemmaybe more but it save lot of money in long run through fuel,
vehicle, environmental pollution and the burden of accidents.
It isthe reorganisationof the presentroadsandrailwaywhere everpossibleinaconvenientmanner
or identification of the new path based on the CRS – CRTS principle.
Whenwe lookat the presentroadstheyare narrow,has manycurveseveninplainlandbecause the
landon eitherthe side belongstomanyownersandthe creationof string roadis not possible so the
road passes at the borders of the land according to the curvature of the lands because the people
were doing agriculture for long time in that land.
Active involvement of the VPWT in the process of CRS-CRTS will cut down the cost of creation.
2.2. Comparing the present road and the CRS – CRTS.
Comparison between the present road system and the CRS-CRTS system;
Present road CRS-CRTS
Narrow roads (road proper may
be 5 to 6 meters in width)
Wider roads (40 to 50meters
in width)
More waste space on either the
sides of the roads because of
wider fencing plants, thorn
plants and tree to which the
fastmovingvehicle may hit and
can lead to accidents. These
plants will occupy about 10 to
15 metersoneitherthe sides of
the road. So the actual distance
between the agriculture lands
presentonthe sidesof the road
becomes 30 to 40 meters.
Will not have any waste land
all the lands will be utilised
effectively like rose and
jasmine plantswillbe grownin
the road divider, guava and
pomegranate are grown on
either the sides of the road.
High growing trees are grown
onlyinthe thin forest area not
on the sides of the road.
Roads are longer because of
multiple curves.
Roads are shorter because the
roads are almoststraight.Thus

3. the length of the road may be
reduced by 40 to 50%.
The actual land surface area
consumed by the road is more.
For example ten kilometres of
road will consume forty
hectares of land
(10000meters×40metrs=400000
square meters = 40 hectares of
land)
The actual land surface area
consumed by the road is less.
For example tenkilometres of
road will be replaced by six
kilometres of road with 50
meters of road width which
consumes thirty hectares of
land.
(6000meters×50metrs=300000
square meters= 30 hectaresof
land). Thus we can save 4
kilometres (40%) of travelling
and 10 hectares (25%) of the
land.
More number of humps and
digs in the course of the road,
poor maintenance, need to
spend lot of money to connect
6 lakhs villages and the
scattered houses present
around it. Proper roads will not
be there at most of the places,
or only metal ling wok might
have done. Even the asphalted
roads will have lots of damages
all along it path or it is
discontinuous. So called
national highways and state
highways will pass through the
villages thus more prone for
accidents,
No humps and digs in the
course of the road, well
constructed, good
maintenance, need to spend
less money because it
connects only 40000 model
villages and there are no
scattered houses present
around it. Wider and shorter
roads will connect all the
40000 model villages all of
them are good roads, no CRS
and CRTS will passthroughthe
MV but will be connected by
the link road and thus less
prone for accidents.
The waking path which our
ancestors used, which were
going on the borders of
different lands of different
ownershave been converted in
to the basic road and later they
were made the present road.
Since the borders of different
lands were irregular the roads
also became irregular with
multiple curves. The straight
roads were not made because
Satellite based survey, areal
and land survey, land marking
are done by the government
skilledpeople. Formattingthe
land(cutting bushes – trees,
removing the stone, levelling
the path), construction of
variouschannelson either the
sides of the CRS- CRTS,
construction of barrier wall
(water proof) on either the
sidesof the CRS-CRTS, tertiary

4. some of the land owners may
go for lose if their land is used
for road,some people land may
split if the road passes across
the land. Thus the roads
remained irregular with
multiple curves over which
metal ling and asphalting were
done.
RCS on the sides of the CRS-
CRTS, metal ling, creation of
foot path, road divider, are
done bythe VPWT. Asphalting
of the road is done as joint
venture by the skilled
government employs and the
VPWT.
Poorvisibility:Thisisbecause of
narrow roads, more curves,
bushes and trees obscuring the
visibility.
Better visibility: because of
broad roads and less curves.
Sudden blockage of roads is
commondue to fall of tree, low
lyingbridges submerging in the
flowing water during rainy
period.
Sudden road block will not
happen because we are not
going to implant any big trees
on the sides of the road, and
all the bridges are constructed
after the estimation of the
maximumflow of water in the
flow path.
Damage to the road is common
as there is soil displacement
and / or shrinkage due to
increase in the moisture of the
soil beneath the road.
Measure to prevent soil
displacement and shrinkage
will be taken before the road
is constructed like proper
treatment with the water to
the soil where we are going to
do the road and creation of
water proof barrier wall on
either the sides of the road,
this will be extending till we
get firm soil bed.
Time consumed in the travel is
more because of long distance,
poor quality of road, multiple
curves, and traffic jam and so
on.
Time consumedinthe travel is
less because of less distance,
good roads, better visibility,
less curves, decrease in the
trafficload.The travellingtime
may decrease by 50 % or even
more.
Fuel consumption is more –
more air pollution – more
sound pollution – recurrent
repairs and oil change thus
generation of solid and liquid
Fuel consumption is less and
the mileage becomes better.
Airpollution –soundpollution
is going to decrease. Vehicle
maintainace becomes better

5. chemical waste and its burden
on the environment. We can
see the nutsand boltsfalling on
the road, wheel shock absorber
plates cutting frequently, axel
rod breaking suddenly, tyres
burstingsuddenly, the window
glasses suddenly falling on the
head of the two wheeler,
stonesthrownfrom the moving
vehicle which goes and hits the
head some person. All this will
cause discomfort to the people
who are travelling or who are
coming in contact with such
instances, it may be the minor
injury or it can cost the life of a
person.
and there will be fewer
repairs. The frequency of oil
change decreases. The
durability of the vehicles will
increase thus the generation
of solid and liquid chemical
waste decreases. We can
travel comfortablywithoutany
jumps, jerks, enjoying the
pleasant fragrance of jasmine
present beside the road, and
eatingthe fruits plucking from
the treeswhere everwe want.
Increased time consumption in
the process of travelling of an
ambulance the may lead to the
deathof the patient or increase
in the mortality rate.
Faster transport.
Consumes more economy: The
government has to spend lot of
money for the creation of the
road starting from survey,
removing the plants - trees –
stones, formatting the land,
metal ling, asphalting, putting
sign boards and so on.
The roads are long.
Have many bridges.
Has to connectsix lakhs villages
and thousandsof cities.The life
of the road is less and damages
will appear soon. The
maintenance cost is more.
Consumes less economy: The
government has to spend
money only for survey, land
marking,asphaltingassistance,
and putting marking on the
road and sign boards. Rest of
the work will be done by the
VPWTlike removingthe plants
- trees – stones, formatting
the land,metal ling,asphalting
(In association with trained
government staff).
The roads are short.
The total number of bridges
may go down as the length of
the road is less. Need to
connect only forty thousand
VP and present cities. The life
of the road becomesmore and
damageswill notappeareasily
in short period. The
maintenance cost is less.

6. The incidences of accidents are
more. There are various causes
for accidents like (1) Road
related. (2) Nation related. (3)
Family related. (4) Person
related (5) Vehicle related.
The incidence of accidents
decreases as there is
improvement in all the
segments like better roads,
less traffic related problems,
even the less investment by
the nation will lead to better
roads with VPA, vehicle
maintenance becomes better
and they will be in good
condition, there will not be
any familyrelatedissues as all
the families will be leading a
peaceful life.Drivers will have
optimum work, good sleep
and adequate diet.
Road related causes for the
accident: Narrow roads, more
curves, less visibility due to
more road side trees and
bushes, lack of sigh boards,
roads passing across the
villages, haphazardly arranged
houses on either the sides of
the roads with their main door
facing the road, single layer
houses(Groundfloor) and most
of the activities are done at the
front of the house in the road,
using roads for processing
purposes (ragi, paddy, grains
and so on). Using the sides of
the road for purposes like
urination-defecation (Half of
the bus will move out of the
narrow road to give way to the
opposite coming bus thus the
tyre will move overthe filth,the
opposite coming vehicle will
alsodo the same, thus both the
vehicleswill carry the filth with
the tyre and will mix with the
agriculture products at a
different place where the
All the roadswill be wide,with
fewer curves, visibility is
better, not passing inside the
villages, no houses on the
sides of the road. No one use
road for the processing of
agriculture product because it
is strictly done at the
processing plant of the VPA
under 100% hygienic
conditions. All the villages
become MV so houses are
constructedonthe sidesof the
road. Roads are used only
when the people want to
move outof the VP,otherwise
all of them will be walking for
their routine work in inside
their VP. No one will be
urinating or defecating on the
sides of the road. No animals
or people will be moving on
the road because there will be
designated path for animals
and people. Bullock carts and
cycle will move in their lanes.

7. processing is going on over the
road which can lead to health
related problems apart from
the possibilities of having
accidentto the people involved
in processing. The tyres of the
vehicle can slip /skid especially
whenthe vehicles move on the
ragi husk. Incidences like death
can happenand laughing/crying
type of miseries can happen (A
real story: People were doing
processingonthe road between
place calledHanurand Bandalli.
It was a huge growth and they
couldnot finishthe work in one
day so they left the croup on
the road. One person remained
there itself after having the
supper to look after the croup.
He waited for long time and no
one came to steal the material
and no vehicles also came. He
was verymuchstrainedworking
throughout the day and he had
verygoodsupperand it was too
cold open area. So he took
some husk covered over him
and slept thinking no vehicles
will come,wentfor deep sleep.
The last bus which was coming
at an early time came late on
that day due to some problem
to the vehicle and ran on him.
No one knows about the
incidence till nest day morning.
When the family members
came to replace him they saw
the misery. The person died
without any noise. The driver
thought he had passed his
vehicle on some stone).
Utilising the road for moving
cattle’s-sheep’s-cows - buffalos
(we can remember the

8. incidence of Hassan – Mysore
road – where the fast moving
bus passed on hundreds of
sheep’s in a curve and many
sheep’s died on the spot in the
year 2012). It is common that a
animal appearing all of a
suddenand to avoid the animal
if the driver applies the break
then the vehicle moving in the
back will come and hit the front
vehicle, or the vehicle taking a
deviationleading to accident or
vehicle causing accident to the
animal are all common.
Most of the marketslike weekly
market (eg; Santhe), most of
the shops exist on the sides of
the road. So people stop their
vehicle on the side of the road
that may leadtothe road block,
or maximumflowof peopleand
especiallythe children will lead
to accidents.
Everything is sold only at the
VPshops. No direct marketing
is done, it is because
agriculture productsare grown
in mass and sold in mass
through VP shops. So people
sellingtheirproductssittingon
the side of the road and
people coming for purchasing
parking their vehicle on the
sides of the road will not be
there.
Some of the vehicles will have
very high glaring lights, some
will not. If a vehicle with high
glaring light comes in the front
then there is a possibility that
the driver of the front moving
vehicles especially two
wheelers may have accidents
because they will not able to
visualise the road and the two
wheeler may fall in some dig
present in the road.
CRS – CRTS will have wider
road divider with rose plants
grown in the centre with the
columns of Jasmine on both
the sides and this will be
maintained by the VPWT. So
the glaring light will not be a
problem for the opposite
vehicles.
Most of the people willnotwalk
on the footpathbutwalk on the
sides of the road. It may be
because walking on the
footpath may be a dangerous
task andmay require more skill,
All the people will walk on the
footpath. No one will walk on
the sides of the road. Walking
on the footpath becomes
pleasant,peaceful,safe.There
is a designated place for the

9. concentration, time, balance
and so on. It is because the
footpath may not be even, it
may be constructed on a drain
with lots of gaps in the stones
covered on it, may have many
ups and downs, no light over it,
slabs are not arranged in a
regular fashion. Thus drivers
driving the vehicle may face a
sudden appearing person and
the possibility of accident.
Suddenly stopping the walk or
suddenlyrunningbothwill have
mismatch of the speed of the
vehicle and the person walking
and can lead to accident.
Dirty water collecting at the
damaged part of the road and
the people jumping from here
and there to avoid it and some
vehicle comingsuddenlyto side
and the driver will have
confusion, may lead to
accident.
foot path and no one damage
the foot path for any reasons,
because there will not be any
drain / cable underneath it. It
isevenandsmooth.So people
will not suddenly enter the
road for walking.
Most of the roads are existingin
the centre of the village, and
the housesare presentall along
the way of the road on either
the sides. People will not be
crossing only at the zebra
crossing. Even if there is a road
divider people will break the
road divider according to their
convenienceatmultiple places.
Some time people climb the
road divider.
No CRS – CRTS will pass inside
the MV. No houses will be
constructedonthe sidesof the
road. Since there are no
activates and houses on the
sides of the roads people will
not break the road divider
unnecessarily.
It isa narrowroad needto cater
varieties of vehicles with
different speed including the
people and bullock cart and so
on.
It is a wide road with lanes
meantfor bullockcarts,cycles,
vehicleswithdifferentspeeds.
People will not be walking on
the roads.
Drivers applying sudden break
in order to avoid the dig and
taking a turn to escape form it
No digs will be there in the
road and the visibilityisbetter.

10. may lead to accident.
Most of the things which
appear on the road are
unexpected like dig, sudden
curves, and damages in the
road, road humps, animals and
people coming in the way,
sudden appearance of the
vehicles and so on.
All the things are marked well
with sign boards.
Few roads are good but that
may be connecting only major
cities.Mostof the roads are not
good. All those who drive or
travel will curb the road or sold
the government for not
maintaining the good road one
or the other time.
All the roadsconnectingall the
MV and cities will be good.
2.3. Road and the Nation.
Roads reflect the socioeconomic status of the nation. A nation can spend more money on roads in
orderto helpthe people throughbettermileage, less maintenance cost and so on. Presently major
cities may be connected with good roads, but the roads of rural India still needs to improve. Since
the road system is not good in India, the expense in the name of Transportation is high and the
comfortis less.Onthe otherside itisnot practicallypossibletoconnectall the six lakhsvillages with
broad and good road, the expense towards it and the number of vehicle moving on that will not
economicallymatch,forexample constructing a very good road for few hundred of kilometres to a
village with ten houses and the population is 100 will not work out economically. And it is not
possible to create such good roads with the method that we follow to today with the present
national economic status.
The ideal wayisto create agriculture asan industrybringall the people togetherbycreatingVPA, all
the semiskilledworkinvolvedinthe creation of CRS-CRTS will be done by the VPWT and the skilled
workwill be done bythe Qualifiedand trained government employs in association with the VPWT.
The materials necessary for the creation will be directly will be supplies from the factory, the
maintenance of the stock and release of the same and taking back the retained items are done by
the people of the army. Thus with minimum cost we can create better CRS-CRTS all over the India.
Callingtenderandpeople asking the contract for high cost through the internal arrangement, then
the contractors not gettingthe employs for reasonable salary, in order to get the employ they may
have to pay a high wages, to compromise the same the quality of the work will not be maintained
well and so on. With the system of contract and invigilation by the invigilating team will make the
nation economically poor, because everyone will be the intension make some money when it is
possible to make. I think if someone wants to save the nation then they need to take the steps in
every aspect to have quality work with minimal cost and invest the saved money to the field of
research to make the nation independent in terms of technology.

11. It isbetterto create one VPwiththe radiusof 5 to 6 kilometresaroundit,whichmeanswith30 to 45
minuteswalkfromthe VPresidence people canreachany part of the village panchayat for their day
to day work. Each VP will have 80 to 100 square kilometres of land area with it.
The distance between the adjacent VP becomes 10 – 12 kilometres. Minimum 10 kilometres of
distance is maintained between adjacent Bus stand or railway station with better infrastructure.
2.4. The relation between the driver – his family – and the
transportation:
A driverwithhealthymindandbodywill drive in a better way with less accident. A good driver will
assessthe forthcomingevents early with better reflex, with the available time he will manage the
thingsina betterwayand will preventthe accident.A driverisahumanbeing;tohandle the vehicle
ina efficientwayduringdrivingone shouldhave goodhealthandmind.All the special senses of the
driver,theyare the input devises of the mind should be in good working condition. To process the
inputthe processor,the mindshouldbe ingoodcondition,tothinkand to take necessary action the
motor system of the body should be in a good condition.
2.5. Defects in the organs of perception will lead to impaired
perception.
Defectinthe eye (defectin the visual acuity, glaucoma, diseases of retina) will lead to delay in the
visualisation/defective visualisationof event. Defect in hearing will lead to defect in assessing the
directionfromwhichthe horn/ vehicle sound is coming or the additional sounds that appears with
the damagedparts of the vehicle.Defectinsmellandtaste will leadtoimpairedperception of smell
like wire burning,leakage of petrol andothers.Defectsintouchandpressure sensations will lead to
defective pressure application over the accelerator – break – clutch. Sudden application of break
which is more than necessity may make the vehicle coming from the back to hit the vehicle.
The gap between the perception of sensation and the execution of the action can be called as lag
period. The perception of sensation (visual – seeing some turn in the road / someone crossing the
road / vehicle comingfromthe oppositedirection/ so on, Auditory – horn coming from back / front
/ right / left / identification of the horns of more than one direction at a time), passage of these
perception –thought processing – decision making in the mind – sending massage to the motor
cortex – motor cortex in turn sending nerve impulses to the different muscle groups to relax or to
contract thus bringaboutsome actionlike turningthe steering – application of the break – pressing
the clutch – changing the gear – pressing the horn are the events that occurs in the lag period. Any
defect which causes the defects in these events will lead to accident.
If the lagperiod is more, then the chances of getting the accident are more and vice versa. Initially
when we are learning driving the entire process of driving is voluntary and will have longer lag
period. As the driver becomes more efficient, as the experience increases, as the skill in driving
improves, then most of the events in driving become reflex activity.

12. Many factors which works on these reflex activity and increases the lag period. Blood glucose:
Decreased intake of food will lead to low blood sugar level, this can lead to fatigue – weakness –
tiredness – drowsiness – thus the lag period will increase and will lead to accident. Intake of
adequate balanced diet for the driver is important for the safety of all the passengers. Eating
excessively by the driver will lead to increased blood supply to the gastro intestinal track and the
blood supply to the brain and muscles will decrease, thus the driver may feel drowsy and the lag
period will increase can lead to accident.
Alcohol: Alcohol in the blood in a lower concentration will lead to hyper excitability and at higher
concentration will lead to depression and thus prone for accidents.
Smocking: Taking the cigarette in to the hand, lightening it, Keeping it in the hand and mouth
alternativelywill all need the activity of the mind and the body, in this process the driver may lose
control on the vehicle when it suddenly appears will lead to accident.
Some of the drugs can alter the lag period, like anti epileptic drugs, IV drug users – will lead to
accidents.
Diseases: Some of the diseases like epilepsy can lead to accidents when it occurs to the driver.
Sleep: Drivers not sleeping well and driving all the time or people working day and night and then
driving to some place / home will alter the mental state and increase the lag time will lead to
accidents. People with chronic sleep deprivation will get micro sleep during driving will lead to
accidents.
Personnel economy: Loss in life in terms of economy will lead to depression, make the man less
active. Even during the time of driving the driver may be thinking about what to do to buy
condiments for the family, to the fee for the school. These types of worries make the lag period
more and will lead to accident.
Family disputes, driver being away from the family for long time, unethical sexual contact,
unhappiness will lead to long lag period and end up in accident.
2.6. Vehicle and the accident.
The conditionof the vehicle isone of the importantfactorsforpreventingthe accident.Notonly the
break,everyindividualpartof the vehicle playsanimportantrole inpreventingthe accident like the
side mirror – rare viewing mirror – front glass – tyre – engine – so on.
Anyvehicle shouldhave averygood breaking system. In the present transportation system we use
the breaking system for multiple times because of the poor road system. Out of this multiple
applicationof break more than 60% of the applications become unnecessary provided we develop
verygoodroads withoutanydigs – humps– human/ animalscominginthe way – unnecessaryturns
– trafficissuesandsoon.Repeatedapplicationsof the breakmake the break system to go for repair
early or can lead to break failure.

13. In the presentroadsystemwe needtoslow the vehicle and accelerate multiple times for the same
reasons like to avoid / cross over the digs – humps – human / animals coming in the way –
unnecessaryturns – trafficissuesandsoon,thus we needtoapplyclutchmultiple timesand change
gear multipletimesthusmanypartsof the vehicle willcome forrepairlike clutchplate,gearbox and
engine and in the absence of good maintenance they we break in the centre of the road.
Thingslike breakingsuspensionplate, falling nuts and bolts, breaking window glass and others will
happen because of poor road.
The engine of the vehicle shouldbe good,like whenone vehicle isovertakingsome othervehicle - it
shouldovertake the vehicle atthe correcttime,if it takeslongertime thenall three vehicle like the
vehicle over taking, the left moving vehicle, and the front coming vehicle may have accident. The
narrow roadcan addextrachances forcausingaccidentsinsuch issues.Itisalso important to have a
goodengine whenthe vehicle hasto climb the hill or when the vehicle is going down from the hill.
If we are not able to visualise the vehicles coming from the back or over taking from sides, we may
stop/ slow/turnour vehicle forvariousreasonsthatthe rare comingor side movingvehicle will not
expect and will lead to accident.
During rainy if our glass wiper is not working properly then we may land up in accidents.
The body of the vehicle givesprotectionforthe people who are sitting inside the vehicle. Bad floor
or top or side wallswill lead to raining water to enter the vehicle and make the belonging wet and
make the people tobecome wet,damagedside wallsandfloorcanlead to stones and mud entering
inside the vehicle can cause injury if it comes and hits the passenger.
Whenthe tyresare not goodit may give trouble atanyplace or it will have poor road grip especially
duringrainyseasonsor the vehicle will notstopevenafterthe applicationof the breakor it will take
longer distance to stop in the absence of wheel rotation and will end up in accident.
Cleanfrontglassto visualisethe thingsinabetterway.Properdoorswith accurately fitting in to the
bodywhenthe vehicle is fast moving in order to avoid people falling out from the moving vehicle;
When the paying capacity of the people is less and when the cost of the fuel and vehicle parts are
more will leadtolessincome generation from the vehicle and thus the owner will not spend more
moneyonthe maintenance of the vehicle.The driverhastoleadthe life based on the salary he gets
thushe will drive the vehicle takingriskthinkingthatthe ownerwill replacethe damagedpart of the
vehicle duringservice time afterthe vehicle runs for another thousand kilometres, mean while the
vehicle will have some problem and if happens at a dangerous place like when the bus is climbing
the hills or when it is crossing some river or reservoir the accident will cause lot of damage to the
people including the life of the people.
Thus everypartof the vehicle is important and plays a very vital role in the prevention of accident.

14. 2.7. Road and accidents.
Frequentrepairsof the road are common. There are many reasons for it. Quality works might have
not done duringthe creationof the road for some roads.People mayputthin layer of ‘metaling and
asphalting’whentheyare creating the roads, it may be because of the government paying less per
kilometre of roaddue topoor economyof the nation? Or the engineers and the contractors are not
able to do quality work due to various reasons? Same types of work are done for the same road at
multiple timesbecausethe roadsare damagedbefore the contractorendsthe workat the otherend
of the road.It is notin the handsof the contractor or the engineerbecause peopledig the road next
day for getting water connection – electrical connection – Phone cables and so on. There may be
differentdigsindifferentdirectionwithdifferentdimensionanddifferentdepththusthe vehicle will
fall inone or the other digat some point.These damagedpartswill notbe repairedearly because of
nonavailabilityof asphalting materials thus the roads will remain damaged for a long time and the
vehiclesmovingoveritwill have more wearandtear,will lead todamage to the various parts of the
vehicle and thus the vehicle may land up in accident.
Fuel:Consumptionof fuelismore whenwe startthe vehicle andstartacceleratingit,whenwe apply
breakand againacceleratingthe vehicle. If we do ‘application of break – decelerating the vehicle –
thenaccelerating’formultiple timestheneachtime the vehicle will be consumingmore fueland the
mileage willgodown,thusthe vehicle will consume more fuel. Fuel efficiency is better with steady
speed, but maintaining the steady speed is not possible with the present road system.
Falling of nuts and bolts – damages to pipes – damages to the window glass – breaking of plates –
and so on are directly proportional to the number of damages present in the road. We can see
people in the bus stand repairing their vehicles like tightening the loosened nuts and bolts every
evening in the bus stand after the trips.
With the establishment of CRS – CRTS all such problems will be solved. We can achieve better
mileage,vehicle mileage becomes better, distance is less, possible to maintain steady speed, less
accidentsandso on. Butit isdone onlyafterthe completionof RCS;otherwise we may be damaging
the CRS –CRTS again.It is done afterthe identification of MV sites in the path connecting the major
cities otherwise the length of the link roads will increase.
2.8. Principle of CRS-CRTS.
The shortestdistance betweenthe twopointsisthe straightline.The linemaylookstraightfromthe
top over the land but it may have many elevation and depressions from the side thus the length
becomes more. The path which looks straight from the top (aerial view) indicates that it does not
have curvesinthe horizontal plane, and it does not rule out the possibility of curves in the vertical
plane,andmay notbe suitable tocreate the roadall the time,because it may contain elevation and
depression which are not suitable for the movements of the vehicles. Only plain land without any
elevations and depressions is present then it is possible to create a straight road. Other ways the
concept of straight road will not be practical. The earth or land is not the even surface, it has many
depressionsand elevations, considering all these points we need to identify the shortest possible
path betweenthe placeswe needtoconnect calculating both the vertical and horizontal curves we
are going to get in that path.

15. The starting and the ending points of the path may be at the same level or one may be at a higher
level or vice versa. Moving at the same level if both the points are at the same level or gradually
moving up without going down if the end point is at the higher level or vice versa is always better
insteadof goingupand downwithmultiple curveswill leadtolengthier path, burden on the engine
of the vehicle, increased fuel consumption, more repairs, more travelling time, more chances of
gettingthe accidentsdue tobreakage of the parts of the vehicle andsoon.Consideringall the points
identifying the most suitable path for creation of CRS- CRTS is the science we need to adopt.
CRS – CRTS path becomes almost a flat path with better assessment of the nature for the path and
withminorlevellingforminorelevations and depressions. See the CRS – CRTS cross section picture
at the end of this chapter to know how the CRS – CRTS path becomes almost a flat path.
2.9. Converting the good old walking path will not fulfil the criteria
of CRS- CRTS system – A story.
At this juncture I remember the story which was told by my grandmother, when I was a small boy.
People of my area were worshipping Sri Malai Mahadeswara from the time unknown. Some fifty
yearsago there wasno bus facilitytogoto the pilgrimcalledMMHill where itwasthoughtSri.Malai
Mahadeswara Swamy’s soul resides. Lot of people visit the place especially during festivals like
‘Shivarathri’. When there no road and no bus the people used to walk. My place was called
‘Ramapura’ which was about 40 kilometres from MMHills through the present road, people from
my place including my grandmother start their journey on the previous day of the festival walk for
about 20 kilometres (from Ramapura to Talabetta), and stay at Talabetta, get up in the early
morningbefore the sunrise and start the journey as soon as they start seeing the sun as if they are
goingnearthe sunfor 8 to 10 kilometres,lookingatthe sunbefore itreachesup,if theydon’tfollow
the sun or if it islate then they are going miss in the forest and may not come back to the village or
theymay be killedbysome wildanimals(there isagod – tiger,people believe wheneversuchthings
happensbloodusedtoooze fromthe tigergod,then they do worship the god to pardon the person
who is missing, and the people used to think people with evil mind will die in this way. There is a
possibility people with evil mind may have anger, bad thoughts, cruelty in their mind make them
getting more tiered when they climb and go down over the steep hills, it is a great trucking which
involveslotof exercise andphysical strain.Andanypersonwithouthappyandhealthymindmay get
the stain early and thus chances of missing inside the forest when everyone walks with speed to
reach the spot before the sun go up). Thus the people used to go in groups and if someone misses
fromthe group(Slowwalkers –tiredpeople)thenalsothere isa possibility of losing them, because
everyone thinks they need to reach the pilgrim before the sun goes up’ other things may not be
relevantforthischapter.The secretbehindthiswalktoMM Hillsis‘MM Hillslaysexactlyeast to the
place Talabetta and the rising SUN is the guiding point (People used to sing – dance and walk like
Moodana maleyaMadapp- easternhill god). Only during the festival season the people used to go
in groups and by the time another festival comes the path used to cover by the plant / bushes and
thusthe people needtoidentifythe new walking path each time. People never took any chance to
go little northinthe beginningof theirjourney,if theyhave donethistheymighthave foundaeasier
path to reach MM Hills.

16. MM hills temple. Source: Google earth]
After some 20 years, with the establishment of the government by the people of India and it was
recognised as the pilgrim the stone walking path was made by the contractor of my village called
‘Gopalappa(Ponnappa)’. Thispath is present even today, very rarely people use this path for walk
now a days. Then the roads were constructed in a ziz zag fashion considering the walking path and
laterthe roads were widenedandnowmanyvehicle movesinthis path climbing up and down, with
lotof hairpin bends.Croresof moneyisspentforthe fuel,onvehicle,onthe roadwith the faith and
Bakthi the people had on Sri Malai Mahadeswa.
2.10. What we are going to learn from satellite based study.
The air distance between Talabetta and MMHills is 5 kilometres.
We can see the presentroadthat connects Talabetta and MMHills. Talabetta is at the height of 645
meters AMSL. MM Hills is at the height of 878 meters AMSL. And the height difference between
these two places is 233 meters. There are several hills comes in the way, so the level of the road
increasesaswe climbupthe hill andagain goes down as we descend. Like this we do several times
and some of the prominent height that we reach is 1050 meters AMSL, 1100 meters AMSL. The
question is do we really need to reach such an height to reach the place we want, because after
going so high again we are going down to 878 meters AMSL. We can imagine how much fuel we
have already burnt in this process, how much burden we added to the engine, how many engines
had problemswithefficiency and performance, how much emission we have already added to the
environment.

17. The distance of the present road which connects these two places is 20 kilometres.
The road that connects Talabetta and MMHills with multiple ‘hair pin’ bends.
The vehicles have to climb up and come down several times in these long narrow roads with
multiple hair pin bends. Since it has got multiple curves the distance of the road becomes more.
Hair pin bends in the present path:
Hairpin bends – so they are not suitable for road widening and for the trains. The slope of the hill
may be acute thuswe will notgetmuch space for wideningof roads especially at the hair pin bends
Depressions and elevations in the present path.

18. We can also see many depressed areas between elevations.
Since there is not much space available for the widening of the road, since climbing the steep hills
and comingdownseveral times,since the lengthof the roadismore,since there are multiple curves
in the road with the present road system, we need to think some solution for this.
That means we should have adequate space for widening of the roads, it should be the gradual
decline orincline orflatdependingonlevel difference between the two points, it should be shorter
but wider,lesscurves with the availability of wider angle so that train tracks can be easily done on
the surface.
To identifysuchpathswe needtounderstandthe environmentwell.There are several clues we can
get from the environment to identify such paths.
Firstwe shouldknowthe startingand the endingpointsof ourpath(Places needs to be connected).
Draw a straight line between these two points. Analyse all the elevations (Hills) and depressions
(Vallies) thatcomesinthe line.Take everyelevationanddepression asanindividualunitandanalyse
theirlevels.Markthe levelsonthe elevations and depressions which are closer to the levels of the
placeswe need to connect. Identify all such path which are adjacent and connect them we will get
the path that we need in a convenient manner. It may not be as simple as we read here, but with
little bit of exercise we can identify the convenient path.

19. 2.11. Few clues, the nature provides for CRS – CRTS creation.
In thispicture we can see Krishnarajasagar reservoirand the Mettur reservoir (Red circles) and the
river Cauvery flowing from KRS to Mettur reservoir (Blue line). Nature provides clues like - as we
move towardthe riversfromthe hillyarea,the level of the hillsandthe vallies decreases. Rivers and
the valliesare the bestlandmarksto identifythe lowerlevel areas.Topof the hills are the best land
marks to identifythe higherlevels.Here riverCauveryrunslittle northtothe placesof Talabetta and
MM Hills, the places that we need to connect. The levels of these places are 645 and 878 meters
AMSL. There are rangesof hillspresentinbetweenthese twoplaces.Aswe come towards the south
in this part, the heights of the hills are more, that is 1100 and 1050 meters AMSL. But as we go
towardthe northriverCauveryisflowingthatmeanswe getlandswithlowerlevels, and among the
twoplacesthat we needtoconnect bothare at lowerlevel thanthe hillsonwhichthe present roads
are created,goingtowardsthe northisideal where we get the land with lower level in range of 645
– 878 metresAMSL, sowe needto identifythe paths in this area. Our aim in this path is to start our
journeyfromthe heightof 645 metersAMSL and reach the height of 878 Meters AMSL and identify
the beltof area whichisbetweenthese two values and in a gradually inclining fashion and thus we
get the convenient path.
2.12. Proposed CRS – CRTS path – an example.
Proposedroadto MMHills.Thisis the convenientpathwe getbetweenTalabettaandMM Hills.Here
the road starts at the level of 636 MetersAMSL, graduallyinclines666, 733, 734, 746, 751, 800, 840,
860, 915, 917, 910, 906, 900, 885 metersAMSL. Some of the valuesare more than the level of the

20. place we needto reach, butit a inevitableplace anditisthe nature.We can by passthiselevation
alsoby circumscribingthathill butthe roadbecomeslengthier.We cando combinationand
permutationof thingslike level versuslengthbylookingatall the possible routesatthe earth’ssoft
ware like Google earthbyNASA or BhuvanbyISRO. Now the lengthof the road became 10
kilometers(50%decrease inthe distance) andthere isgradual inclinationwhenwe are movingfrom
Talabettato MM Hill andgradual decline whenwe are movingfromMM HillstoTalabetta.
Few points to note in the present road between Talabetta to MMhills:
(Point number)
(Lattitude)
(Longitude)
AMSL
in
Meters
Description:
(1-Talabetta 645)
(120
03’48.83”)
(770
033’28.33”)
645 The starting
point of the
jolurney in this
example.
(2- Way to MM
Hills1050)
(120
02’53.04”)
(770
033’44.37”)
1050 The second
highest point in
this path.
(3-Way to MM Hills
1015)
(120
02’15.05”)
(770
033’51.00”)
1015 The third
highest point in
this path.
(4-Way to MM Hills
1100)
(120
02’6.36”)
(770
034’30.79”)
1100 The highest
point in this
path (Top
most).
(5-MM Hills 878)
(120
01’50.71”)
(770
035’35.68”)
878 The destination
in this path.
The details of the new (proposed) CRS – CRTS is given in the following table:
(Point number)
(Lattitude)
(Longitude)
AMSL in
Meters
(Distance from
the previous
point)(Cumulative
distance) in Kms
(mmh/0.0/640)
(120
03’51.3”N)
(770
033’9.11”E)
640 (0.0 )(0.0 )
(mmh/0.1/636)
(120
03’51.77”N)
(770
033’12.67”E)
636 (0.1 )(0.1 )
(mmh/0.2/640)
(120
03’52.70”N)
640 (0.17 )(0.27 )

21. (770
033’18.04”E)
(mmh/0.3/653)
(120
03’52.93”N)
(770
033’24.28”E)
653 (0.19 )(0.46 )
(mmh/0.4/666)
(120
03’54.14”N)
(770
033’32.41”E)
666 (0.25 )(0.71 )
(mmh/0.5/668)
(120
03’56.53”N)
(770
033’35.61”E)
668 (0.12 )( 0.83)
(mmh/0.6/672)
(120
03’59.97”N)
(770
033’37.14”E)
672 (0.12 )( 0.95)
(mmh/0.7/678)
(120
04’9.21”N)
(770
033’48.04”E)
678 (0.43 )( 1.38)
(mmh/0.8/688)
(120
04’12.31”N)
(770
033’51.04”E)
688 (0.13 )( 1.5)
(mmh/0.9/700)
(120
04’7.62”N)
(770
033’51.05”E)
700 (0.15 )( 1.66)
(mmh/0.91/710)
(120
04’5.81”N)
(770
033’51.64”E)
710 (0.06 )(1.72 )
(mmh/0.92/725)
(120
04’4.92”N)
(770
033’53.26”E)
725 (0.06 )( 1.78)
(mmh/1/736)
(120
04’5.06”N)
(770
033’55.54”E)
736 (0.06 )( 1.84)
(mmh/2/732)
(120
03’52.84”N)
(770
034’1.16”E)
732 (0.39 )( 2.23)
(mmh/3/731)
(120
03’51.76”N)
(770
034’3.40”E)
731 (0.08 )( 2.31)
(mmh/4/733)
(120
03’50.28”N)
(770
034’7.07”E)
733 (0.14 )( 2.45)
(mmh/5/733)
(120
03’47.25”N)
(770
034’10.00”E)
733 (0.12 )(2.57 )
(mmh/6/734) 734 (0.23 )( 2.8)

22. (120
03’42.78”N)
(770
034’16.17”E)
(mmh/7/733)
(120
03’36.33”N)
(770
034’23.29”E)
733 (0.29 )( 3.09)
(mmh/8/732)
(120
03’26.13”N)
(770
034’24.28”E)
732 (0.32 )( 3.41)
(mmh/9/746)
(120
03’15.50”N)
(770
034’18.98”E)
746 (0.36 )( 3.77)
(mmh/10/751)
(120
03’10.34”N)
(770
034’17.37”E)
751 (0.17 )( 3.94)
(mmh/11/762)
(120
03’5.32”N)
(770
034’16.14”E)
762 (0.16)(4.1 )
(mmh/12/770)
(120
02’59.50”N)
(770
034’14.42”E)
770 (0.19 )( 4.29)
(mmh/13/781)
(120
03’1.86”N)
(770
034’25.48”E)
781 (0.34 )( 4.63)
(mmh/14/791)
(120
03’3.54”N)
(770
034’29.85”E)
791 (0.14 )( 4.77)
(mmh/15/800)
(120
03’5.32”N)
(770
034’36.65”E)
800 (0.21 )( 4.98)
(mmh/16/810)
(120
03’4.61”N)
(770
034’43.76”E)
810 (0.22 )( 5.2)
(mmh/17/820)
(120
02’59.75”N)
(770
034’48.14”E)
820 (0.20 )( 5.4)
(mmh/18/830)
(120
02’56.97”N)
(770
034’51.29”E)
830 (0.13 )( 5.53)
(mmh/19/840)
(120
02’58.48”N)
(770
034’55.12”E)
840 (0.13 )( 5.66)
(mmh/20/850)
(120
03’2.66”N)
(770
034’59.20”E)
850 (0.18 )( 5.84)

23. (mmh/21/860)
(120
03’10.89”N)
(770
035’8.40”E)
860 (0.38 )( 6.22)
(mmh/22/870)
(120
03’6.90”N)
(770
035’13.60”E)
870 (0.2 )( 6.42)
(mmh/23/880)
(120
03’3.29”N)
(770
035’18.96”E)
880 (0.2 )( 6.62)
(mmh/24/890)
(120
03’3.86”N)
(770
035’23.23”E)
890 (0.13 )( 6.75)
(mmh/25/900)
(120
03’3.05”N)
(770
0535’27.27”E)
900 (0.12 )( 6.87)
(mmh/26/910)
(120
03’0.76”N)
(770
035’28.84”E)
910 (0.1 )( 6.97)
(mmh/27/915)
(120
02’58.75”N)
(770
035’29.87”E)
915 (0.07 )( 7.04)
(mmh/28/917)
(120
02’55.62”N)
(770
035’29.47”E)
917 (0.1 )( 7.14)
(mmh/29/910)
(120
02’51.53”N)
(770
035’29.45”E)
910 (0.13 )( 7.27)
(mmh/30/906)
(120
02’31.16”N)
(770
035’27.84”E)
906 (0.63 )(7.9 )
(mmh/31/900)
(120
02’18.94”N)
(770
035’22.10”E)
900 (0.41 )(8.31 )
(mmh/32/900)
(120
02’5.93”N)
(770
035’27.22”E)
900 (0.43 )( 8.74)
(mmh/33/885)
(120
01’50.51”N)
(770
035’26.36”E)
885 (0.47 )( 9.21)
Inferences:
1. Total length of the CRS – CRTS in the proposed path between Talabetta (mmh/0.0/640) to MM
Hills (mmh/33/885) is 9.21kms.
2. Air Distance between land mark (mmh/0.0/640) to (mmh/33/885) is 5.55kms.
3. Air distance between Talabetta (1-Talabetta 645) to MMhills (5-MMHills 878) is 5.28kms.

24. 4. The distance of the present road from Talabetta to MMhills is 20kms.
5. We can save 50% of the road distance inCRS – CRTS as comparedtopresentroadin thisexample
apart from the vehicle climbing up and down many times.
6. No hairpinbendsin the CRS – CRTS in this example, as compared to the present road which has
‘Twenty seven’ hairpin bends.
The present road has major elevations like 1050, 1015, 1100 mts AMSL apart from minor elevations
and alsomanydepressionsinbetween.So,the vehicle whichmovesinthe presentroadhas to climb
and come downmanytimes.We needtonote the startingelevationis645 and the ending elevation
is878 mts AMSL and the level difference betweenthese twopointsis 233mts.Where as in the CRS –
CRTS path there is gradual inclination in the level till 917 mts AMSL at the point (mmh/28/917) and
thenit declinesto885 mts AMSL. We mayget minimal depression in the path like 640 – 636 – 640 in
(mmh/0.0/640), (mmh/0.1/636), (mmh/0.2/640) respectively, so, there is four meters depression
and 733 – 732 – 746 in (mmh/7/733), (mmh/8/732), (mmh/9/746) respectively, so, there is one
meter decline in the paths. Such type of minor declines and elevations can be managed while
levelling the road. Thus it is possible to create gradually inclining or declining road without
unnecessary climbing up and coming down multiple times.
The work of CRS – CRTS starts only after the completion of RCS, Land marking the places for MV.
2.13. CRS- CRTS procedure.
The points we need to consider are:
Which are the places we need to connect? Which is the most convenient path between the two
points?Whichare the majorcitiesthatpath connects?What isthe expenditure?How muchvehicles
will passinthat wayat presentandin the future withthe establishmentof the VPA, considering the
agriculture – industrial – natural resource product transportation.
So before we startCRS-CRTSsurvey,we need to know what are the major cities which come in that
regionandhowmany VPwill come inbetweenthese two major cities. Then connect the two major
citieswithalmoststraightCRS- CRTSin sucha waythat the future MV and VPwill come oneitherthe
sidesof the CRS – CRTS but not across it.The future CRS – CRTS shouldnot go beside the water path
ways(Whichmay be dry or flowing,natural or artificial) but created perpendicular to it. In case if it
needs to be created in parallel with the water pathway for a short distance then it is necessary to
calculate the maximumwaterflowlevelsevenduringthe floodseasonsandconsiderablysafe higher
level is selected for creation. If we are not getting a wider space as we go to higher level, then the
alternate pathsneedstobe considered. Forthese reason,the workof CRS – CRTS work isdone after
the completionof RCS,identifythe majorcitiestobe connected,identifyall the natural and artificial
waterpath ways, identify the CRS –CRTS in almost straight line, identify all the VP’s coming in that
path,identifythe place forMV whose bordershouldbe atleasthalf to one kilometre away from the
CRS – CRTS.
The basic plan is to connect the twenty thousand VP and the same paths will interlink the major
cities. That means the various VP’s will lie on the sides of the road that connect the major cities as
shown in the diagram.

25. 2.14. CRS – CRTS connecting the major cities with the VP’s coming
in that path.
In thispicture we can see the twomajor citiesare connectedbyCRS – CRTS. There are five VPon the
sides of the CRS-CRTS. In between the forest land are present. There is a water path present on
which a bride in alignment with the CRS - CRTS is constructed in such a way that it is perpendicular
to the water path. The CRS – CRTS stand are present at the border of the MV and the MV is away
fromthe CRS – CRTS, and itis connectedbya linkroad.The CRS – CRTS alsoformsthe bordersof the
VP.Thistype of CRS– CRTS will avoidthe vehicleof the VP entering the CRS – CRTS during their day
to day work. It also decreases the noise and air pollution to the MV by the vehicles moving in the
CRS-CRTS. People will not go to CRS – CRTS unless they have to go to other VP or city for some
function like Marriage or party.
Satellite basedsurveyare done beforethe landsurveyforall these thingsandall the possible routes
are identified.The positive andnegative aspectsof all the pathsandthe MV placesare discussedlike
safe and convenientCRS –CRTS,rain fall,flood,drinkingwatersupply,drainage,waste management
and so on and finally the path is marked.