2. Title
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Objectives
Research Methodology
Data Analysis
Findings/Result Discussion
Conclusion
References
3. The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of
your study.
A good title contains the fewest possible words
that adequately describe the contents and/or
purpose of your research paper.
The title of the Paper should not be too long or
too short.
The title of the paper should not contain
unnecessary word.
It Should Indicate accurately the subject and
scope of the study.
Avoid using abbreviations.
4. It should summarize all the parts of the
paper. The abstract should have-
Purpose and Motivation of writing paper
Problem statement.
Methods
Result
Conclusion
5. It establishes the foundation of the paper
The introduction include-
Definitions and explanation of the terms
Brief background information about the
research topic
Rational for undertaking this study(reason for
taking this study)
6. Search for the background literature about the research topic
Recent progress on the study topic
comparison and contrast of different studies( gap between
different studies)
Example of sources are-
university’s library catalogue
Google Scholar
JSTOR
EBSCO
Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
EconLit(economics)
Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)
7. Research objectives should be closely related to the
statement of the problem and the objectives should
summaries what you hope will be achieved by the study.
Objectives should be stated in action verbs. Example: to
compare, to calculate, to assess, to determine, to verify, to
calculate, to describe, to explain, etc
Example of objectives-
To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the
community towards HIV/AIDS and VCT services.
To identify barriers and concerns related to VCT and its
uptake.
To assess the awareness and perception of the study
community regarding comprehensive care and support for
people living with HIV/AIDS.
8. Research Methodology describes the
methods used in research.
Methods of data collection
Method of data analysis
9. Data Preparation
Step 1: Data Validation
Step 2: Data Editing
Step 3: Data Coding
10. summary of your key findings arranged in a
logical sequence
Use of the past tense when referring to your
results.
Focus only on findings that are important
and related to addressing the research
problem.
11. Restate your research topic.
Summarize the main points.
State the significance or results.
Conclude your thoughts.
12. Writing accurate & appropriate references is
an essential aspect of preparing a research
paper for successful publication
Reference can be Written in two ways-
In-text-
A number is allocated to a source in the order
in which it is cited in the text. If the source is
referred to again, the same number is used.
Use Arabic numerals (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9).
Either square [ ] or curved brackets ( ) can be
used as long as it is consistent. .
13. Nonlinear optical materials have evolved the interest of
several researchers due to their unique combination of
material properties, including high linear (2-4) and nonlinear
refractive index (1000 times that of silica), wide transparency
range (up to 22 mm) and lower phonon energy. Chalcogenide
glasses with these favorable properties act as potential
candidate in lasers, amplifiers, high-brightness sources for
remote sensing and spectroscopy[1,2].
[1] Schweizer T, Hewak DW, Payne DM, Jensen T, Huber G. Rare
earth doped chalcogenide glass laser. Electron Lett.
1996;32(7):666667.
[2] Tao H, Yang Z, Lucas P. Origin of photo-induced transmitting
oscillations in chalcogenide glasses. Opt Express.
2009;17(20):1816518170
14. 2)APA Reference List- American Psychological Association
Book:Calfee, R. C. (1991). APA guide. Washington, DC:
American Psychological Association.
Journal article:Jourls, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals of
medicine. Journal of Medicine, 46, 837-845.
Magazine article:Henry, W. (2001, April 19). Making the
grade. Time, 135, 28-31.