Overview of the shearography techniques and system solutions of SDS Systemtechnik. Beside the technical explanation various examples for results of defects are shown.

1. SDS Systemtechnik www.sds-systemtechnik.de Stand 01.2017
Non Destructive Testing
of tires by
- Shearography -
ITT
Interferometric Tire Tester
®

2. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
From Construction
over Production
to the Final Product
From Installation to After Sale Support
together with the “SDS-Network”
- out of “one Hand”
responsible for more then 500 systems installed around the world

3. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
1998 SDS
started with the serial production
of industrial tire test systems
Vergölst, Germany, Industrial Retreading
ITT system with automatic conveyor system for
loading and unloading with tire size detection

4. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Today’s individual solutions:
ITT-2, the industrial solution for automatization
ITT-easy, basic setup for retreading
ITT-1, flexible and economical

5. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Conveyor systems
for more
productivity and flexibility
Automated monorail loader

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Combined systems
with one “interface”
Multiple ITT systems with
one loading system
ITT with PTS in one conveyor setup
ITT with Laser marker in conveyor setup

7. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Basics of Tire Testing
with Interferometry

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 The basic is an optical setup to generate two different light paths (Beam Splitter)
Bild1
Bild2
Interferenz aus
Bild1 und Bild2
Spiegel mit Piezo
(Phasen-Schiebe-Element)
einstellbarer Spiegel
(Scherrichtung und-weite)
CCD-Camera
Bildverarbeitungssystem
mit Maschinensteuerung
Bild 1+2
Michelson-
Interferometer
Meßkopf mit integriertem
Michelson-Interferometer
und Laserdioden
What is Shearography
sealed Measuring Head with
- integrated lasers
- optical setup
this is causing two shifted images = “ sheared ”
• In this Interferometer the reflected light from the tire surface is analysed
and changes on the tire surface are detected by a change of the relative phase difference
 The object (tire) is illuminated with coherent light – therefore the laser light source (IR)

9. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
A first interferogramm of the surface is
calculated and stored in the computer
Measuring Cycle
With this sequence the tire is inspected in
sections of the complete circumference
crown area from inside, sidewall(s) from outside
Then a pressure differential (typ 50mbar)
is applied to create a deformation on the surface
cased by trapped air/separation inside the material
A second interferogramm in the same position
is calculated and stored in the computer
The two “images” are
superposed and preprocessed
This result is stored in a temporary test file
When the complete tire is tested, the temporary
file is saved with the complete test information in
the result file for verification and qualification

10. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Typical Test Results
with
Interferometric Tire Testing

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Typical Result:
Typical result image (crown)
and corresponding
separation (belt edge)
^^

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overview bead to bead
Individual single sectors
Test Result of a complete tire:

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 Typical result with
broken turn up
(bead to bead inspection)

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Local separations in the turn up

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Test result with correlating separation

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New tire production: liner separation

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 Anomaly caused by under-curing

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 New tire production:
anomaly in a splice
 New tire production:
tread anomaly

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Karkasse
Radial Indications
 New tire production:
bonding anomaly

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 Typical R&D application with
“growing” belt edge separations
5000
miles
15000
miles
25000 miles

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two different images are displayed (and stored)
and correlating video image
First step: test result
To locate the indication on the tire

22. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Interferometric Tire
Tester
®
Product Range
of

23. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
 ITT-2
type 1080,1280,1680
New tire production
and industrial retreading
 ITT-1
type 1280,1680
R&D, retreading
New Tire Production
 ITTEasy
type 1280
Truck tire retreading
- from 8” inner diameter up to 63”
- up to 1800 mm tire width and 7 ton
- from manual to fully automatic testing
 ITT-OTR
up to 63” tires
R&D, retreading
New Tire Production
Solutions for all tire applications:
Machine control
Result
verification

24. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
The easy setup
- with manual door for vacuum camber
- manual loading/unloading
- for tires from 8” bead diameter
up to 950mm outside diameter
and section width up to 400mm
 ITT compact
For R&D, test- and race track,
or offline verification in the production

25. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
 ITT Easy
for tires from 15” bead diameter,
1280mm OD, 500mm width
Capacity: 25 casings /h
(45 double head)
single door setup
with integrated loading/unloading
Reduced to the basic needs of casing inspection:
-Casing inspection from shoulder to shoulder
-Easy to use
-Compact and robust
with single door
and single head measuring system
(optional two door and double head)
the Low Cost System for truck tire retreading

26. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
 ITT-1 type 1280, 1680
from 10” bead diameter
1280mm OD, 560mm width
Capacity (type 1280, sh/dh/th):
Crown only 36/46/46 tires/h
Bead to Bead 12/16/23 tires/h
large version for
1680mm OD, 660mm width
Basic System ITT-1, 1280 single door
with integrated loading- / unloading
extended ITT-1 1280 triple head with two doors and automatic turnover fixture (TOF)
Standard System with 4 axis linear system
for a flexible bead to bead verification
Modular for individual applications:
- Single door or two door with integrated loading
- Single-, double – or triple measuring head configurations
- External Conveyors and TOF

27. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
 ITT-2 type 1080, 1280, 1680
The production system for 24/7 operation
^
Typically used in the
- Industrial Retreading Industry
- Inline verification in the New Tire Production
- Aircraft tire production and retreading (initial and final)
for tires from 10” BD
1080mm OD / 450mm width
1280mm OD / 560mm width
1680mm OD / 660mm width
Test capacity (type 1280, dh/th):
Crown only 60/60 tires/h
Bead to Bead 20/30 tires/h
Typically with double- or triple head configuration
Multi axis setup with stepper drives for a
fast and flexible bead to bead verification

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ITT-2, with Inline TOF and conveyor
Multiple measuring heads to increase test capacity
 Fast and Reliable
 Maintainable
 Flexible with the same capability as a single head system
with Patented Triple Head Procedure

29. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
ITT-Twin machines
The fastes solution for bead to bead measurement
Test capacity up to 72 tires per hour

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 Double- and Triple Head Configuration:
Crown - Test Procedure with ITT-2: 60 sec./tire (60 tire/h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
rotation-
direction
180°
STEP 1
(after loading)
2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8
first half of crown area camera 1
second half of crown area camera 2
camera 3
park position

31. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
 Triple Head Configuration:
Bead to Bead - Test Procedure with ITT-2: 120 sec./tire (30 tire/h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
rotation-
direction
180°
STEP 1
(after loading)
STEP 2
(after flipping
and reloading)
first
sidewall
second
sidewall
2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8 2
1 3 4 5 6 7 8
second half of crown area
first half of crown area
rotation-
direction
180°
=> Bead to Bead - Test in two scans (patented)
(single or double head always needs three scans)

32. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Up to the biggest sizes in the Industry
Big Holes
large trucks and tires
require
 ITT- OTR

33. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Up to the biggest sizes in the Industry
 ITT- OTR

34. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
ITT – OTR 4500
with two shuttle solution

35. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Interferometric Tire
Tester
®
Features and Options
with

36. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Automatic Tire Contour Detection (TCD)
 Verification before loading into tire test system
 Interface with process control to match tire information for test result handling
 Measuring complete tire contour for
- Correct positioning of all cameras (triple head – bead to bead operation)
- Calculation of evaluation zones for Automatic Anomaly Detection (AAD)
TCD module attached to vacuum chamber
Result of contour measurement with computed main
dimensions for positioning

37. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Automatic Tire Contour Detection (TCD)
 Automatic calibration of test result

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Tire zones for crown and sidewall superpositioned over sector image
- for automated evaluation with different criteria
- for eliminating overlap in autmatic evaluation
Automatic Tire Contour Detection (TCD)
 Automatic definition of tire zones

39. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
tire zone specific Automatic Anomaly Detection (AAD)
Detected anomalies with
 Correct dimensions
 Correct assignment to tire zone
Automatic measurement of anomalies with

40. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
ITT-2 with Inkjet Marking System
Tire Marking System
 Automatic radial positioning (adjustable offset to bead diameter)
 Manual after tire validation or automatic marking combined with AAD
 Interface to other supplier of marking system
Locked access area for
Marking System

41. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Image Analysis Software by SDS
- Easy Measurement and Classification
with scaled Courser
- Automatic Anomaly Detection

42. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
by manual measurement with scaled crosshairs
How to qualify a tire test result?
showing
- length
- width
- area
BUT depends on
the operators
-skill
-feeling

43. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Simplified Solution to combine the advantages:
“Flexible” evaluation zone
(within the green borderlines)
moved over critical area
Evaluation done by software
with predefined criteria
- the advantage of an operator independent evaluation
- easy settings without predefined evaluation zones
Automatic detection of anomalies:
=> independent from an operator !!

44. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Offline verification of detected anomalies
allow the analysis of findings :
listed in a table
for automated sorting
and statistical evaluations, etc:

45. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
Conclusion:
- Result - quality and reliability are the bases for correct tire
classification
- Correct and complete tire qualification
is the basic for product quality and reliability
- Manual evaluation tools allow
consistent results among users
- Automated evaluation functions
increase test capacity and
reduce labor costs

46. © 2020, SDS Systemtechnik, Calw, Germany ITT Short Course
SDS Product Range
- Interferometric Tire Tester
in the Production, R&D, Test Labs, Racetrack, ….
for new tire production and retreading of all type of tires
- Laser Marking Systems
in the truck tire retreading and Automotive Manufacturer (Testing)
Handheld-Systems for OTR and Agriculture Tire Industry
Semi-automated Systems for OEM applications
Fully automated systems for TBR, PCR and aerospace tyres
- 2-D Measuring Systems and Colour Detection
Profile Measurement offline and inline for thickness, width, variation, symmetry,
comparison of nominal and real profile in extrusion and calender applications
Inline Tread Length Measurement systems, Splice verification, ..
Colour Line Detection inline and offline Layer Check System
- 3-D Contouring Systems
PTS - pressure test system for casing inspection in the Retread Industry
EMS - monitoring system for durability test, high speed test, ….
CMS - automatic wear measurement of Aircraft Tire

47. SDS Systemtechnik www.sds-systemtechnik.de
SDS -Systemtechnik- GmbH
75365 Calw-Stammheim, Rudolf Diesel Straße 7
Germany
Tel.: +49 -7051 - 93154 - 0
Fax.: +49 -7051 - 93154 - 99
email: info@sds-systemtechnik.de
the END