This document provides an overview of a research project investigating the influence of bacterial strains on geopolymer concrete. The introduction discusses issues with traditional Portland cement concrete and how geopolymer concrete is more sustainable. The literature review summarizes previous research on geopolymer concrete and the use of bacteria to enable self-healing. The objectives are to determine the performance of bacteria on geopolymer concrete's mechanical properties and self-healing ability. The proposed methodology involves literature review, material collection/bacterial culturing, mechanical testing of bacterial geopolymer concrete, investigating self-healing properties, and microscopic analysis.

1. INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL STRAIN
OVER GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE
Supervisor
Dr. A. Chithambar Ganesh
Assistant Professor,
Dept. Of civil engineering.
BY
18121A0105​-Navya A
18121A0121​-Navin Gowtham C
18121A0130​-Yogananda Reddy D
18121A0136​-Dasaradha Rami Reddy G
Department of Civil Engineering
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION & RESEARCH GAP
 OBJECTIVE
 METHODOLOGY
 REFERENCE

3. INTRODUCTION
• Cement production is currently the largest
industrial emitter of CO2 emissions
worldwide, accounting for about 8 percent or
2.7 billion tons of CO2 per year. This is due
to the combustion of fossil fuels mostly coal
at temperatures of around 1,000 degrees
Celsius.
• Cement dust falling on the soil caused a
shift in the pH to the alkaline side and
damage fertile layer of soil.
• Disruption to local biodiversity
from quarrying limestone.

4. • Geopolymer concrete is an innovative and eco-friendly
construction material and an alternative to Portland cement
concrete.
• Geopolymer cement concrete is made from the utilization of
waste materials, which are made by reacting aluminate and
silicate bearing materials such as fly ash and ground
granulated blast furnace slag(GGBS), rice husk ash.
• It is more resistant to corrosion, fire and has higher
compressive and tensile strength.
• It can be used in the place of portland cement concrete
to reduce the adverse effect of CO2 emission.

5. • Concrete is susceptible to cracking due to various reasons such as
drying shrinkage, plastic shrinkage, alkali reactions happening inside
matrix, weathering, constructional errors, design errors, poor
construction practices and construction overloads.
• Self- healing technique involves the discrete addition of epoxy resins,
chemical-based agents, expansive cement, bacteria while mixing the
concrete.
• These additives cease the crack once it is formed.
• However, all these additives except bacteria are not sustainable and
sometimes have severe effects.

6. LITERATURE REVIEW
S. No. Author Name of the
journal and year
Observation
1. Abbass, M. et. al. Properties of hybrid
geopolymer concrete
prepared using rice husk ash,
fly ash, and GGBS with
coconut fiber, 2021
The use of F.A, RHA, GGBFS, as
source material, resulted in eco-
friendly geopolymer concrete.
By adding coconut fiber up to 0.2%,
the strength properties increased,
which is the point of consideration.
2. J. Wang et al. Study on the optimum initial
curing condition for fly ash
and GGBS based
geopolymer recycled
aggregate concrete, 2020
Experiments were conducted to
investigate the influence of different
properties. The mechanical
properties of GRAC, including
compressive strength, elastic
modulus, and toughness, increased
with increasing GGBS/fly ash ratio
under the same initial curing
temperature and curing time.

7. S.
No.
Author Name of the journal
and year
Observation
3. Singh, B. et al. Geopolymer concrete: A review of
some recent developments, 2015
Geopolymer concrete has
considerable potential to be used as
a construction material and high
strength is attained. It is used for
the reduction of greenhouse gases.
4. Karthikesan,
A.K. &
Mohana, R.
Effect of pozzolanic materials in
geopolymer motor using Industrial
waste material, 2020
In geopolymer mortar, cement is
replaced fully by pozzolanic
materials like fly ash & GGBS. This
can control the emission of CO2
production.

8. S.
No.
Author Name of the journal
and year
Observation
5. Ravindranatha et
al.
Self-healing material bacterial
concrete, 2014.
A comparison study was made with
concrete cubes and beams subjected
to compressive & flexural strength
tests with & without the bacteria. It
was found that there was an increase
in strength and healing of cracks
subjected to loading on the concrete
specimens using bacteria.
6. Puranik, S. A. et
al.
Bacterial concrete – A sustainable
solution for concrete maintenance,
2019
The study has devised methods as
ways to test the effect of the use of
bacteria in concrete tests on a
concrete slab with various
combinations of bacterial solution as
well as a varied percentage of
the bacterial solution have been
conducted.

9. S.
No.
Author Name of the
journal and year
Observation
7. Pappupreethi, K.
& Rajisha, V. A.
Bacterial concrete, 2017 To define bacterial concrete,
types, and classification of
microorganisms, working of bio
concrete as repair material
advantages and disadvantages of
bacterial concrete and applications.
8. Ganesh, A. C. et
al.
Influence of bacterial strain
combination in hybrid fiber-
reinforced geopolymer concrete
subjected to heavy & very heavy
traffic condition, 2021
Combined and the discrete
performance of bacteria and fiber
over the mechanical properties of
the geopolymer concrete were
investigated. The influence of
bacterial strain combination over
the self-healing of concrete is also
studied by inducing artificial cracks
of over 1 mm.

10. S.
No.
Author Name of the journal
and year
Observation
9. Alshaaer, M. Synthesis and characterization of
self-healing geopolymer
composite
A self-healing composite based on
geopolymers and vascular fibers was
introduced. The composites can
restore their mechanical
performance after cracking. Cracks
were healed by taking CO2 from the
air.

11. and Research Gap
• Problem Identification
• The pollution of atmosphere by emission of CO2 can
be minimized using GPC over OPC.
• It is difficult to reach for maintenance of structures in
inaccessible places. Sometimes it risks human life in
dangerous areas.
• Research Gap
• Using of most appropriate bacteria to control the minor
cracks in GPC.

12. OBJECTIVE
• To determine the discrete and combined performance of
bacteria in self-healing of GPC.
• To determine the mechanical properties of bacterial
geopolymer concrete.

13. METHODOLOGY
Literature Review
Collection of material
& culturing of
bacterial strain
Mechanical
Properties of bacterial
GPC
Investigation using
self-healing
properties of GPC
Microscopic structure
investigation over the
self-healed product
Result and disscusion

14. Reference
• Abbass, M., Singh, D., & Singh, G. (2021), Properties of hybrid geopolymer
concrete prepared using rice husk ash, fly ash, and GGBS with coconut fiber,
Materials Today: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.390.
• Wang, J., Xie, J., Wang, C., Zhao, J., Liu, F., Fang, C., (2020), Study on the
optimum initial curing condition for fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer
recycled aggregate concrete, Materials
Today: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118540.
• Singh, B., Ishwarya, G., Gupta, M., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Geopolymer concrete:
a review of some recent developments, Constr. Build. Mater. 85 (2015) 78–90.
• Karthikesan, Mohana, R., Effect of pozzolanic materials in geopolymer mortar
using industrial waste material, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and
Engineering,872(1),1-10, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/872/1/012190.

15. • Ravindranatha, Kannan, N., (2014), Self-healing material
bacterial concrete. International Journal of Research in Engineering and
Technology (IJRET) Volume: 03, 2014, http://www.ijret.org.
• Puranik, S. A., Jain, S., Sritam, G., Sandbhor, S., (2019), Bacterial concrete
– A sustainable solution for concrete maintenance, International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-
3075, Volume-8, Issue-11S, September 2019.
• Pappupreethi, K. & Rajisha, V. A. (2017), Bacterial concrete, International
Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Vol 8, Issue 2,
February 2017.

16. • Ganesh, A. C., Muthukannan, M., Suresh Kumar, A.,
Arunkumar, K., (2021), Influence of bacterial strain combination in
hybrid fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete subjected to heavy &
very heavy traffic condition, Journal of Advanced Concrete
Technology Vol. 19, 359-369, April 2021.
• Alshaaer, M. (2020), Synthesis and characterization of self-
healing geopolymer composite, Construction and Building Materials
245 (2020) 118432.

17. THANK YOU