One among the lexicons of ayurveda written by Madhavakara.

1. Paryaya Ratnamala
Presented By- Dr. Aditi Gandhi
Dept of Dravya Guna, SDMCAH, Hassan
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2. Introduction
• One among the texts from Medieval period
(8th to 15th century A.D.)
• a/k/a Ratnamala
• Paryaya Ratnamāla – 9th Cent
• Author – Madhava kara
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4. Author
• Name - Madhava kara
• Son of Indukara / Indrakara.
Author of Rugvinischaya – popularly k/a
‘Madhava Nidana’.
• Resident of ‘Silhrada’ – probably Patharghatta,
site of University of Vikramshila, near
Bhagalpur (Bihar)
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5. • Author controversy :
• Acc. To Lucas – Madhavakara is identical to
author of Madhava nidana
• Acc. To PV Sharma – Madhava kara was a
different person i.e. 2 centuries after
Madhavakara, author of madhava nidana.
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6. Time Period
• 9th Century
• Book quoted by Sarvananda – commentator on
Amarkosha (12th Cent); Adhamalla (14th C.)
• The book is referred by Chakrapani Dutta – a court
physician of King Nayapāladeva (1040 A.D.) in his
Chikitsa Samgraha popularly k/a Chakradatta.
• Madhava quotes ref from Vagbhatta.
• The book ‘Nidana/ Rgvinischaya’ was translated into
Persian at the time of Haroun-al-Rasid in 8th century.
• The drugs – Ahiphena, Bhang as of D.N. & RRS (10th C.)
were not described in his work.
• Thus …..
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7. Contents
• Not available in our library.
• Info- based on the available Ms.- unclear +
missing !
• Text available (online) – archive.org
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8. Presentation
• Most concise and direct, almost of sutra type
• Synonyms only, No Guna karma are
mentioned.
• No division of the vargas- continuous shlokas.
• Descriptive – for the characteristics of peculiar
features of the plant/ drug.
E.g. Shankhini.. Peetapushpa laghu lata sugandhini.
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9. Style of presentation
• Synonyms of single plant / drug are given in :
1 shloka, ½ shloka, ¼ shloka consequently.
• 1 shloka (2 lines) = till 102 dravyas including
plant,animals, metals, salts, panchmahabhuta,
classes of men like servants etc..
• ½ shloka (1 line) = till 361 dravyas “
• ¼ shloka (1/2 line) = includes 754 factors –
body parts, emotions, disease, plant parts etc.
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10. 1 shloka
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11. ½ shloka
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12. ¼ shloka
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13. • Verses :
1336 shlokas (article)
1758 shlokas (e-Samhita)
• Starts from Mangalacharana, followed by the
purpose of the text and way of presentation in
12 line shloka.
• Ends with mana paribhasha followed by
Granthakara parichaya.
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15. Paryaya muktavali
• Paryaya muktavali is the redacted version of
Paryaya ratnamala – with certain modifications in
terms of style of presentation, chapter division
and addition of new drugs and synonyms.
• Nighantu of Odisha- printed in Odiya, bengali and
devanagiri script.
• But till date – no critical analysis reported on its
structure, contents or contribution.
• 23 Vargas , 608 drugs
• Author- Haricharana Sen
• Resident- Utkala desha (Orissa)
Time period – late 16th – early 17th century
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18. Difference
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19. References
• An Introduction to Nighantus of Ayurveda by
D. Shanthkumar Lucas
• Introduction to Dravya Guna- P.V. Sharma
• A hand book of History of Ayurveda –
Nishteshwar
• E-Nighantu
• Article- “Paryaymuktavali- An unexplored
Nighantu of Odisha, India.” by Rabindranath
Acharya and Deepa K.K.
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20. • Thank You !
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