An operating system acts as an interface between hardware and software, controlling tasks like memory management, security, input/output processes, and more. The main types of operating systems discussed are Windows, macOS, Linux/Unix, and Chrome OS. Windows is the most widely used at over 40% usage share, followed by macOS, while Linux, Chrome OS, and others have smaller market shares. Each OS has advantages like ease of use, software libraries, and disadvantages such as security vulnerabilities, limited functionality, and costs.

2. • Operating System acts as an interface between the application
programs and the machine hardware.
• It is a software, which makes a computer to actually work.
• The OS organizes and controls the hardware.
• It is the software that enables all the programs we use.
• Examples: Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS, etc.
What is an Operating System?

3. Structure of Operating System

4. What OS does?
An operating system performs basic tasks such as,
• controlling and allocating memory,
• Provides security
• controlling input and output devices,
• facilitating networking and
• managing file systems.

5. OS - Booting the PC
•The bootstrap loader sets up the
small driver programs that
interface with and control the
various hardware.
•It sets up the divisions of
• memory
• user information, and
• applications.

6. Mostly used OS
– Windows
– Mac OS
– Unix/Linux and their siblings.
– Chrome OS

8. WINDOWS OS
• Microsoft Windows operating system was developed by
Microsoft to
overcome the limitation of its own MS-DOS operating
system.
• Its first successful version was Windows 3.0, released in
1990.
• Subsequently released version were “Windows 95,
Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows XP,
Windows XPProfessional , Windows Vista, Windows 7,
Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and latest one is Windows 10.”

9. 0.00% 5.00% 10.00%15.00%20.00%25.00%30.00%35.00%40.00%45.00%
Windows 7
Windows 10
Windows 8.1
Windows XP
Windows 8
Windows Vista
other
Windows
7
Windows
10
Windows
8.1
Windows
XP
Windows
8
Windows
Vista
other
Jan 2018 41.86% 42.78% 8.72% 3.36% 2.44% 0.74% 0.10%
Windows version breakdown

10. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
 easy to use  High resource requirements
 Huge software Library  Poor security
 Easy to upgrade  Virus susceptibility
 no need to install the driver of
any external pheriphal devices-
just plug & play
 Additional expenses-antivirus ,
firewall, internet security
 Performance monitor  Outrageous license agreements
 Good gaming experience

12. Mac OS
• Mac OSis a series of graphical user interface-based
operating systems developed by Apple Inc. for their
Macintosh line of computer systems.
• Mac OSwas designed only to run on Apple Computers.
• In 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh PCwith the
Macintosh Operating System.
• Apple names its OSas “Mac OS”, beginning in 1997
which was previously known as “System”.

13. Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
 powerful user interface expensive
 Fewer viruses and other security issues Inflexible when it comes to hardware
upgrades
 Seamless integration between OS and
hardware
Lack of game titles and advanced
gaming experience
 Comes preloaded with productivity
apps
App ecosystem is still lacklustre
 multitasking
 Integration with other Apple products

14. Versionsof
MacOS
Version Codename Release date
Mac OS X 10.0 Cheetah March 24,2001
Mac OSX 10.1 Puma September 25,
2001
Mac OSX 10.2 Jaguar August 24,2002
Mac OSX 10.3 Panther October 24,2003
Mac OSX 10.4 Tiger April 29,2005
Mac OSX 10.5 Leopard October 26,2007
Mac OSX 10.6 Snow Leopard August 28,2009
Mac OSX 10.7 Lion July 20, 2011
Mac OSX 10.8 Mountain Lion July 25, 2012
Mac OSX 10.9 Mavericks October 22,2013
Mac OSX 10.10 Yosemite October 16,
2014
Mac OS X 10.11 El Capitan September
30,2015
Mac OS 10.12 Sierra September
20,2016
Mac OS 10.13 High Sierra September
25,2017
Mac OS 10.14 Masada June 2018

16. Linux and Unix
• Unix was the first usable OS and still widely
used today. It runs on special computers, e.g.
Sun, Silicon Graphics, HP, DEC, dell, etc.
• Linux was a miracle, initalized by Linus
Torvalds and maintained by programmers all
over the world.
• It was developed as a free operating system
for personal computers
• Both Linux and Unix use an X-Windows GUI

17. Advantages
Free of
Cost
Stability
Secure
Low pc
require
ment
Disadvantages
Limited
Software
Hard to
learn ,use
And install
Advantages & Disadvantages
Poor
Hardware
support

19. Google Chrome OS
 Google Chrome OSis aoperating system designed
by Google to work exclusively with web
applications.
 Google Chrome OSis an open source,
lightweight operating system which is initially
intended for secondary devices like netbooks,
not asauser's primary PC.
 Speed,simplicity and security are the keyaspects.

20. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
 Speedy boot-up, as fast as three-
seconds
Hardware specific :-Runs only
certain devices, not downloadable
 Inbuilt Security Limited Software :-Only Google
software can be used, No tradition
 Simple design It specifically target the Internet
generation
 Synchronization- data stored on
the cloud
The lack of Photoshop or another
decent image editing application.
 Amazing web apps It requires access to the Internet
to maximize Chrome usage. The
lack of offline support is a huge
disadvantage

21. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Windows
macOS
others
Linux
Chrome OS
Windows macOS others Linux Chrome OS
Jan-18 82.68 12.8 2.19 1.43 0.9
Desktop/Laptop operating system browsing
statistics