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Moringa oil
- 1. Moringa oil & Presented by Dinesh More 17OIL207 Beta-Pinene (β-pinene)
- 2. Moringa Oil is obtained by pressing the seeds of the Moringa oilefera tree. The Moringa seeds yield 38–40% edible oil (called ben oil, from the high concentration of behenic acid contained in the oil) It can be used in cooking, cosmetics, perfume and lubrication Moringa oil has been mentioned as a very useful oil in the medicinal books of Greece and Rome. Introduction
- 3. Introduction Botanical Name: Moringa oleifera Common Name: Shevga Family: Moringaceae Genus: Moringa Indigenous country: African, Asia, Greeks, Rom, Thailand, India, Philippines, Indonesia. In India West Bengal, Odisha, south India Moringa oil
- 4. Type of fatty acid percent Myristic acid 0.2 Palmitic acid 6.8 Palmitoleic acid 2.9 Stearic acid 6.5 Oleic acid 70.0 Linolenic acid 0.9 Arachidic acid 4.2 Gadoleic acid 1.4 Behenic acid 5.8 Unsaturated FA 50.9 Saturated FA 49.1 Fatty acid composition
- 5. Properties Values Melting Point 19.0 Solid fat Content 11.1% Iodine Value 65.4 Saponification value 164 Unsaponifiable matter content % 0.74 Viscosity 17.7 Physical & Chemical Properties
- 6. 1. Cold Pressed 2. Filtered 3. Solvent Extracted Cold Pressed Moringa oil is known to have the highest properties and offers maximum benefits. Cold pressed Moringa oil is dense, flavorful and most recommended. In fact, only 69% (on average) of the total oil contained in seeds can be extracted by cold press Extraction methods
- 7. Moringa oil exerts many therapeutic properties because of its unique nutrition. Antioxidant – Ben oil has strong antioxidant capacity. Anti-inflammatory – The oil reduces inflammation both topically and internally. Anti-aging – The oil provides nutrition to our skin and relieves aging signs. Anti-microbial – It is traditionally used in Sudan to purify water and is shown to reduce bacterial counts. Disinfectant – can be used to treat wounds. Therapeutic Properties
- 8. Carrier – It is excellent carrier oil for aromatic compounds. Hepatoprotective – Moringa oil protects the liver from damage. Emollient – Moringa oil is a great moisturizer for the skin. Exfoliant – drives away dead skin cells. Enfleurage – Moringa oil absorbs the aroma of essential oils and other fragrat compounds like herbs, nuts, seeds, spices and chemicals. This makes it the perfect perfume base. Properties
- 9. Perfume For a safe and natural perfume, add a few drops of your favorite essential oil with Moringa oil and make your own perfume. Hair oil Other Applications
- 10. Soaps Moringa oil based soaps are moisturizing, cleansing and gentle on the skin. Now a days shampoos, body washes, skin scrubs, hand lotions, lip balms and other cosmetic products, especially for hygiene, infused with Moringa oil. Other Applications
- 11. Lubricant Moringa oil is a preferred oil for lubricating small machine parts, like watches. Biofuel Other Applications
- 13. IUPAC Name: 6,6-Dimethyl-2-methylidenebicyclo[3.1.1]heptane Molecular Formula: C10H16 Color: Colourless transparent liquid Odor: Characteristic Turpentine Odor; Dry, Woody or Resinous Aroma Piney, Taste: Piney, Turpentine-Like Taste Boiling Point: 165°C Melting Point: -61.5°C Solubility : Almost Insoluble in Propylene Glycol Density: 0.860 at 25°C Vapor Pressur: 2.93 mm Hg at 25°C Viscosity 1.522 cP at 25°C Beta-Pinene (β-pinene)
- 14. Beta-Pinene (β-pinene) is a Monoterpene, an organic compound found in plants. It is one of the two Isomers of Pinene, the other being α- Pinene. If oxidized in air, the allylic products of the Pinocarveol and Myrtenol family prevail. Beta-Pinene (β-pinene)
- 15. Properties Chemical Formula C10H16 Molecular Wt. 136.24 g·mol −1 Appearance Colorless liquid Density 0.872 g/mL Melting Point −61.54°C; −78.77°F Boiling Point 165–167°C; 329–332°F Properties
- 16. Synthesis of Beta Pinene Geranyl pyrophosphate linaloyl pyrophosphate pinene system alpha pinene beta pinene
- 17. Geranyl pyrophosphate is converted to linaloyl pyrophosphate. Once linaloyl pyrophosphate is produced, it undergoes a cyclization event in which the six-membered ring of the pinene system is formed. This intermediate rapidly reacts with itself to close up the four-membered ring, which gets us to our divergence point in the synthesis. Once both of the rings have been formed, loss of a hydrogen ion results in the formation of either alpha or beta pinene. If the hydrogen ion is lost from one of the carbon atoms located inside the six- membered ring, we get alpha pinene, but if it's lost from the carbon atom outside of the ring, beta pinene is the product.
- 18. Beta pinene is used in perfume, pharmacy, pesticide, insecticide, and adhesive. Uesd as synthetic raw materials of Linalool, Geraniol, Nerol, Myrac aldehyde, and other flavors Anti-depressant: Antidepressant-like activity is seen in essential oils that contain β-pinene and Linalool, which are two most volatile monoterpenes. Antimicrobial Activity: beta pinene find uses in multiple applications, with the most popular example being household cleaning solvents like turpentine. It is used for the treatment of Gastroprotective, Inflammation, Microbial infections Uses of beta-Pinene:
Editor's Notes
- Moringa oil has tremendous cosmetic value and is used in body and hair care as a moisturizer and skin conditioner. It is also a nice cooking oil with a soft, appealing taste.
- Moringa Oleifera (Moringa), also known as “Miracle Tree” species of the genus Moringaceae. It was highly valued for centuries in African, Asia, Greeks, Romans, and Caribbean countries. They extracted the oil from the seed and used it for perfume and skin lotion. The edible oil and leaves are eaten overall Africa and Asia’s regions. Each part of Moringa is very useful in treating many diseases. The oil is liquid at room temperature and pale yellow in colour. Electronic nose analysis showed that the unrefined oil has a flavour similar to that of peanut oil. The melting point estimated by differential scanning calorimetry was found to be 19.0oC. The oil contains 36.7% triolein as the main triacylglycerol, followed by other oleic acid-containing triacylglycerols such as palmito-diolein and stearo-diolein
- The high degree of unsaturation (75.2%) of the oil is due to the high percentage of oleic acid (70%) (Abdulkarim et al., 2005). Apart from oleic acid, other prominent fatty acids include palmitic (7.8%), stearic (7.6%) and behenic (6.2%) acids (Table 1). Anwar and Bhanger (2003) in their study on M. oleifera grown in temperate regions reported that the oleic acid content tended to be higher (up to 78.5%) compared to plants grown in the tropics
- Why cold pressing ? There are several ways to extract oil from plants and trees. For example, there is distillation and solvent extraction in which the plant is infused in other substances to extract the aromatic particles. But when extracting oil from the seed, cold pressing is preferred. This process is used for most carrier oils and many essential oils. This process ensures that the resulting oil is 100% pure and retains all the properties of the plant. Why is it cold pressed?The cold pressing process does not need an external substance as with other methods. The seeds are crushed and pressed in order to force the oil out. Though the friction caused by the pressure does increase the temperature of the product, this is not high. Manufacturers must keep it within a certain degree range to be able to claim that the oil is cold pressed. For instance, to obtain jojoba oil without damaging the properties it cannot exceed 45 ° C. The extra virgin olive oil we use for cooking cannot exceed 25 °. What are the steps?1. The process begins with the filtering stage, in which the seeds will be passed through a series of spaces with air propulsion systems. This process removes any impurities. 2. Milling: The nuts, seeds, or fruits are ground into a paste using heavy granite millstones or modern stainless steel presses, which are found in large commercial operations. 3. Pressing: The semi-solid paste is slowly stirred, often with a rotating screw which encourages the oil to separate from the solid parts and clump together. Once this happens, pressure is applied to force the oil out. It is one of the most important moments of the whole process, since this pressure may increase the temperature of the dough. If it exceeds a certain temperature, the oil may lose some of its properties. 4. Filtering: The pressed oil goes through a series of filters that separate small pieces of peel or pulp of the fruit from the oil. The final part of this filtering process involves passing the oil through a cloth or paper to ensure that all impurities are removed from the oil. This method of oil extraction requires the use a lot of fruits and seeds (e.g. for one litre of argan oil up to 30 kg of seeds will be used), the discarded parts do not go to waste, they are used for animal feeds or fertilizers. 5. Once the filtering process is complete, a decantation process is carried out. Any remaining sediment is seperated from the oil by the simple force of gravity. Thus, a 100% pure and natural oil that retains all its properties will be obtained.
- The many skin benefits offered by Moringa oil has made it a widely used for making soaps.
- It is colorless liquid soluble in alcohol, but not water. It has a woody-green pine-like smell. This is one of the most abundant compounds released by forest trees.
- Synthesis of Alpha and Beta Pinene Now that we're familiar with the structures of alpha and beta pinene, let's talk about how they are synthesized in nature. The pinenes are found in pine tree species, and pines are very efficient at making these organic compounds. Interestingly, both forms of pinene can be made from the same starting material, which is good for the tree because it can get both compounds quite readily. In the first step, a compound called geranyl pyrophosphate is converted to linaloyl pyrophosphate. Once linaloyl pyrophosphate is produced, it undergoes a cyclization event in which the six-membered ring of the pinene system is formed. This intermediate rapidly reacts with itself to close up the four-membered ring, which gets us to our divergence point in the synthesis. Once both of the rings have been formed, loss of a hydrogen ion results in the formation of either alpha or beta pinene. If the hydrogen ion is lost from one of the carbon atoms located inside the six-membered ring, we get alpha pinene, but if it's lost from the carbon atom outside of the ring, beta pinene is the product.