A short presentation on black tip of mango and khaira disease. Location: IAAS, Paklihawa Presented to: Mr. Rajan Poudel by our classmates

1. BLACK TIP OF MANGO
AND
KHAIRA DISEASE OF
RICE
Submitted by:
Prashant Chaudhary
Niraj Khanal
Niraj Shirvastav
Prabesh Koirala
Prabin Gaudel

2. BLACK TIP OF MANGO

3. Introduction
- Physiological disorder
- Mostly seen in Dasheri variety from Lukhnow
- Found when orchard’s near kilns
- Peculiar to India (Singh, R.S. 1978. Plant Diseases. Oxford & IBH publishing CO.)

4. Symptoms
- Necrotic distal tips
- Tips turn brown to black
- Scaly sunken tips with soft, decaying interior flesh
oozing dark liquid

5. Causes:
- Fumes from kilns containing which contains toxic gases
like CO2,SO2, Ethylene etc
- Association with borax deficiency in sandy conditions
(Das Gupta and Sen,1960) and
- fluorine toxicity around kiln vicinity (C,Zhang, H, Huang
and Y. Kuang,1995) dipping fruits in fluorine
concentration turned appearance similar to BT of mango.
In analysis, double concentration of F was seen in fruits
and as high as six times in leaves. The difference is
cause of pericarp protective function.

6. Management
- Spraying Borax (1%), Caustic soda (0.8%) and washing soda (0.5%) thrice in a
season starting from pea stage in 15 days interval
- Kilns of 15-18 m height and orchards approx. 5-6 km away from those kilns
- Orchard orientation = N-S direction
- Covering plants with cellophane bags (how to use and why to use so?)
- Legislative measures ( kiln height, kiln restriction area etc)

7. Khaira Disease

8. Introduction
- Nutrient Deficient Disorder
- Y.L Nene first recognize from field of UP (1966)
- Hadda (west pakistan)- similar case (1967)

9. Symptoms
 Firstly intervienal chlorosis
 Yellow and white streaks at base of leaves
 Lower leaves small brown/bronze/tan color spots
 Root growth restricted
 Spots coalesce with each other and forms entire surface bronze

10. Causes
- Increased PH following flooding results zinc deficiency
- Intensive Cultivation (High NPK)
- Prominent in laterate soil and coarse textured soil

11. Management
- Dressing of Sprouted 1% zinc oxide
- Root dipping with 2% ZnO for 1-2 minutes
- ZnSO4 25-30 kg/ha as soil application (Adhikari,2017)
- 5kg ZnsO4 + 2.5 kg slaked lime + 1000 liter water
First Spray after – 10 DAS in nursery
Second Spray after – 20 DAS in nursery
Third spray after – 15-30 DAP

12. Thank You deficiency!