4. INDEX
◦ Introduction of Computer Network
◦ Advantages of Computer Network
◦ Uses of Computer Network
◦ Types of Computer Network
◦ PAN – Personal Area Network
◦ LAN – Local Area Network
◦ MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
◦ WAN- Wide Area Network
◦ Introduction of Network Topology
◦ Types of Topology
◦ Advantages of Topology
◦ Disadvantages of Topology
◦ Conclusion
5. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORK
◦ A computer network is an interconnection of two or more
computers that are able to exchange information.
◦ The computer may be connected via any data communication link,
like copper wires, radio links, etc.
◦ They may be personal computers or large main frames.
◦ The computer network may be located in a room, building, city,
country, or anywhere in the world.
6.
7. ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORK
◦ COMMUNICATION –Those on the network can communicate with each other
via e-mail, instant messages, etc.
◦ FILE SHARING – Networks offer a quick and easy way to share files directly.
◦ RESOURCE SHARING – All computers in the network can share resources such
as printers, fax machines, scanners, and modems.
◦ SHARING INFORMATION - Computer networks enable us to share data and
information with the computers that are located geographically large distance
apart.
8.
9. USES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS
◦ File sharing
◦ Text communication
◦ Voice communication
◦ Password protected directories
◦ Secure data access
◦ Resources sharing such as – scanners, fax machines, printers,
projectors etc.
10.
11.
12. PAN – Personal Area Network
◦ A personal area network (PAN) is the interconnection of information
technology devices within the range of an individual person, typically within a
range of 10 meters.
◦ A PAN provides data transmission among devices such as computers,
smartphones, tablets and personal digital assistants.
◦ For example, a person traveling with a laptop and a portable printer could
interconnect them without having to plug anything in, using some form of
wireless technology.
◦ Typically, this kind of personal area network could also be interconnected
without wires to the Internet or other networks.
13.
14. LAN – Local Area Network
◦ A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one
physical location, such as a building, office, or a campus spread up to a few
kilometers.
◦ A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one user to an
enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office or school.
◦ Ethernet and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies in use for local
area networks.
◦ Star, Bus, and Ring are some of the common LAN networking topologies.
15.
16. MAN – Metropolitan Area Network
◦ A metropolitan area network is a network that covers a larger geographic area
by interconnecting a different LAN to form a larger network.
◦ Government agencies use MAN to connect to the citizens and private
industries.
◦ In MAN, various LANs are connected to each other through a telephone
exchange line.
◦ It has a higher range than Local Area Network(LAN).
◦ MAN is used in communication between the banks in a city, Airline
reservation, in Military.
17.
18. WAN – Wide Area Network
◦ A wide area network (also known as WAN), is a large network of
information that is not tied to a single location.
◦ WANs can facilitate communication, the sharing of information and
much more between devices from around the world through a
WAN provider.
◦ WAN uses public, leased, or private communication links to spread
over long distances.
◦ INTERNET is a common example of WAN.
21. Topology is derived from two Greek words :
1. Topo
2. Logy
Here, Topo means “Place” and logy means “Study”. In
computer network, a topology is used to explain how a
network is physically connected and it shows the logical flow
of information in the network.
23. 1. Bus Topology :
A bus topology is a
topology for a Local Area
Network (LAN) in which all
the nodes are connected
to a single cable.
The cable to which the
nodes connect is called a
"backbone". If the
backbone is broken, the
entire segment fails.
25. Disadvantages of Bus Topology :
◦ Cable has a limited length.
◦ Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.
◦ Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
◦ Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution.
26. 2. Ring Topology :
In Ring Topology, each
device/node is connected
with its neighboring node
forming the shape of ring
hence it is known as Ring
Topology.
In ring topology the data
circulate from one
computer to another.
27. Advantages of
Ring Topology
1. Reduced chances of data
collision.
2. Perform better than bus
topology under heavy traffic.
3. No need of server to
control connectivity among
the nodes.
4. Equal access to the
resources.
28. Disadvantages of Ring Topology:
◦ One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for the entire network.
◦ Moving, adding and changing the devices can affect the network.
◦ Communication delay is directly proportional to number of nodes in the
network.
29. 3. Star Topology :
A star topology is a topology
for a Local Area Network
(LAN) in which all nodes are
individually connected to a
central connection point,
like a hub or a switch.
A star takes more cable than
e.g. a bus, but the benefit is
that if a cable fails, only one
node will be brought down.
30. Advantages of
Star Topology
1. Easy to install and wire.
2. No disruptions to the
network when connecting or
removing devices.
3. Hub can be upgraded
easily.
4. Fast Performance.
5. Low network traffic.
31. Disadvantages of Star Topology:
◦ It is expensive to install as this type of network uses the most cable (network
cable is expensive).
◦ Extra hardware is required (hubs or switches) which adds to cost.
◦ If a hub or switch fails, all the devices connected to it will have no network
connection.
32. Star topology is more reliable than bus or ring topology :
◦ Star topology is used to ease the probabilities of network failure by
connecting all of the systems to a central node. In contrast to the bus
topology, the star topology allows each machine on the network to have a
point to point connection to the central hub and there is no single point of
failure. The hub directly transmits data to the desired peripheral device;
hence transmission is quite fast.
◦ When there is a need for a wide network, then bus topology is preferred. This
is so because it supports the easy addition of various devices in the network.
