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1. I. PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND ITS
OBJECTIVES
. T Y P E S O F M U S C L E C O N T R A C T I O N S
PHYSICAL EDUCATION I

3. PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Physical Education is
"education through the
physical". It aims to
develop students’ physical
competence and
knowledge of movement
and safety, and their
ability to use these to
perform in a wide range of
activities associated with
the development of an
active and healthy
lifestyle.

4. It also develops students’ confidence and
generic skills, especially those of
collaboration, communication, creativity,
critical thinking and aesthetic appreciation.
These, together with the nurturing of
positive values and attitudes in PE, provide
a good foundation for students’ lifelong and
life-wide learning.

5. OBJECTIVES
1. develop motor abilities like strength,
speed, endurance, coordination,
flexibility, agility and balance, as they are
important aspects for good performance
in different games and sports;
2. develop techniques and tactics involved in
organized physical activities, games and
sports;

6. OBJECTIVES
3. acquire knowledge about human body
as its functioning is influenced by
physical activities;
4. understand the process of growth and
development as participation in
physical activities has positive
relationship with it;

7. OBJECTIVES
5. develop socio-
psychological aspects like
control of emotions,
balanced behavior,
development of
leadership and
followership qualities and
team spirit through
participation in games

8. OBJECTIVES
6. develop positive
health related fitness
habits which can be
practiced lifelong as
to prevent
degenerative
diseases.

9. TYPES OF MUSCLE
CONTRACTIONS
(ISOTONIC, ISOMETRIC AND
ISOKINETIC)
Muscle contractions are
defined by changes in
the length of the muscle
during contraction.

10. ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS
Isotonic contractions
maintain constant tension in
the muscle as the muscle
changes length. Isotonic
muscle contractions can be
either concentric or
eccentric.

11. CONCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS
A concentric contraction is a type of
muscle contraction in which the
muscles shorten while generating
force, overcoming resistance.
For example, when lifting a heavy
weight, a concentric contraction of
the biceps would cause the arm to
bend at the elbow, lifting the weight
towards the shoulder.

12. ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS
An eccentric contraction results in the
elongation of a muscle while the muscle is
still generating force; in effect, resistance
is greater than force generated. Eccentric
contractions can be both voluntary and
involuntary.
For example, a voluntary eccentric
contraction would be the controlled
lowering of the heavy weight raised
during the above concentric contraction.
An involuntary eccentric contraction may
occur when a weight is too great for a
muscle to bear and so it is slowly lowered
while under tension.

13. An isotonic concentric
contraction results in
the muscle shortening,
an isotonic eccentric
contraction results in
the muscle
lengthening.

14. ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS
In contrast to isotonic contractions, isometric
contractions generate force without changing
the length of the muscle, common in the
muscles of the hand and forearm responsible
for grip. Isometric contractions are frequently
used to maintain posture.
Isometric contractions are sometimes described
as yielding or overcoming.

15. YIELDING
A yielding
contraction occurs
when a muscle
contraction is
opposed by
resistance.
For example, when
holding a heavy
weight steady,
neither raising nor

16. OVERCOMING
An overcoming
contraction occurs when a
muscle contraction is
opposed by an immovable
object, such as the
contraction generated in
the muscles when
pushing against a wall.

17. ISOKINETIC
A type of movement in
which a machine is used to
control the speed of
contraction within the
range of motion;
Provides muscular
overload at a constant,
present speed;
Generally used in Physical
Therapy settings;