The document provides an overview of various types of electrical wires and cables, including their construction and applications. It discusses six types of wires, such as vulcanised Indian rubber wire and tough rubber sheathed wire, and outlines the general construction and types of power cables based on voltage levels. Additionally, it describes special cable types like belted, super tension, oil-filled, and gas pressure cables for high-voltage applications.

1. 1
Birla
Vishvakarma
Mahavidyalaya

3. INTRODUCTION TO
WIRES
 There are mainly 6 types of wires are
there.
 vulcanised indian rubber wire (V.I.R)
 tough rubber sheathed wire (T.R.S)
 poly vinyl chloride wire (P.V.C.)
 Lead alloy sheathed wire
 weather proof wires
 flexible wire

5. V.I.R (Vulcanised Indian Rubber)
wires.
 A VIR wire mainly consists of a tinned conductor
having rubber coating.
 Tinning of conductor prevents the sticking of
rubber to the conductor.
 Thickness of rubber mainly depends on the
operating voltage to which wire is designed.
 A cotton bradding is done over the rubber
insulations to protect the conductor against the
moisture.
 Finally the wire is finished with wax for
cleanliness.
 Nowadays these wires are not used since a
better quality wires are available at a cheaper
rate.

7. T.R.S. (Tough Rubber Sheathed)
wires.
 This type of wire is a modification of V.I.R.
wire. It consist of the ordinary rubber coated
conductors with an additional sheath of
tough rubber.
 This layer provides better protection against
moisture and wear and tear. Also it provides
an extra insulation.
 These wires are generally available in
single conductor, two conductors or three
conductors.

9. About :

10. Lead alloy sheathed wires.
 The ordinary wires can be used only at dry
places but for damp places these wires are
covered with continuous lead sheaths.
 The layer of lead covering is very thin like
0.12 cm thick.
 These wires provides little mechanical
protections to the wires.

11. Weather proof wires.
 These types of wires are used outdoor i.e.
providing a service connection from
overhead line to building etc.
 In this type of wire the conductor is not
tinned and the conductor is covered with
three braids of fibrous yarn and saturated
with water proof compound.

12. Flexible wires.
 These wires consists of number of strands
instead of a single conductor. (Strand is a very
thin conductor).
 The conductor is insulated with P.V.C. material.
 These wires are very useful for household
portable appliances where flexibility of wire is
more important.
 Typical specifications
 55/.01mm(55 strands of 0.1mm diameter),
maximum current 6A,used for household
purposes.

13. INRODUCTION TO CABLES.
 A power cable is an assembly of two or more
electrical conductors, usually held together
with an overall sheath. The assembly is used
for transmission of electrical power. Power
cables may be installed as permanent wiring
within buildings, buried in the ground, run
overhead, or exposed.
 Flexible power cables are used for portable
devices, mobile tools and machinery.

14. GENERAL CONSTRUCTION.
 1. Conductor or Core.
 2. Insulation.
 3. Metallic Sheath.
 4. Bedding.
 5. Armouring.
 6. Serving.

15. TYPES OF CABLES.
 The types of cables basically
decided based on the voltage
level for which it is manufactured
and material used for the insulation
such as paper,cotton,rubber etc. the
classification of cables according to
the voltage levels is,
 Low Tension Cables (L.T. Cables).
Medium and High tension Cables
(H.T. Cables).

16. BELTED CABLES.
These cables are used for the
voltage level up to 11 kV. The
construction of belted cable is
is shown in fig.
 The cores are not in circular
shape.
 The cores are insulated from
each other by use of impregnated
paper.
 The gaps are filled with fibrous
material like jute.
 The belt is covered with lead
sheath.

17. SUPER TENSION (S.T.)
CABLES.
 The S.T. cables are intended for
132 kV to 25 kV voltage levels.
 In such cables, the following
methods are specially used to
eliminate the possibility of
void formation:
 Instead of solid type insulation,
low viscosity oils under pressure
is used for impregnation.
 Using inert gas at high pressure in
b/w the lead sheath & dielectric.

18. OIL FILLED CABLES
 In case of oil filled cables, the
channels or ducts are provided
within or adjacent to the cores,
through which oil under pressure
is circulated.
 It consists of concentric standard
conductor but built around a hallow
cylindrical steel spiral core, which
acts as a channel for oil.

19. Cable Structure.

20. GAS PRESSURE CABLES
 An inert gas like N at high pressure
is introduced lead sheath and
dielectric.
 Gas like SF6 is also used in
cables.
 Pressure is about 12-15
atmosphere.
 Working power factors is
also high.

21. THANK YOU

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 Dhruvit Kardani 130070109033