2. • The metals other than iron and alloys that do not
contain an appreciable amount of ferrous (iron) are
known as non-ferrous metals.
• A distinguishing feature of non-ferrous metals is
that they are highly malleable (i.e., they can be
pressed or hammered into thin sheets without
breaking).
NON-FERROUS
METALS -
3. • A non -ferrous metal is any metal
including alloys,that does not contain
appreciable amounts.
They are generally more expensive than
ferrous material.
• Non ferrous material are used because
of desirable properties such as.
Low weight (eg aluminum),
Higher conductivity (eg.copper).
Non magnetic properti resistance to
corrosion (eg.zinc
4. • Aluminum is remarkeble for the metals low
density and for it's ability to resist corrosy
due to the phenomenon of passivation.
• Structural components made from
aluminum and it's alloys are vitla to the
aerospace industry and are important in
other areas of transportation and
structural materials.The most useful
compounds of aluminum,atlast on a
weight basis,are the oxides and sulphates.
5. • Non-ferrous metals have one valuable advantage over
ferrous metals, which is that they are highly corrosion and
rust resistant because they do not have any iron content in
them.
• Some common non-ferrous metals used
in industrial processes are:
Aluminum
Copper
Lead
Zinc
Tin
6. • The Aluminium occurs in abundance on the
surface of earth.
• It is available in various forms such as oxides,
sulphates, silicates, phosphates, etc.
• But it is commercially produced mainly from
bauxite (Al2O3, 2H2O) which is hydrated oxide of
aluminium.
• The oxides and sulfates are the most useful
compounds of aluminium.
ALUMINUM
-
7. • Aluminium is remarkable
for its low density and its
ability to resist corrosion
through the phenomenon of
passivation.
• Aluminium and its alloys
are vital to the aerospace
industry and important in
transportation and building
industries, such as building
facades and window frames.
8. DID YOU KNOW
?
• Aluminium is the most widely used non-ferrous
metal.The global production of aluminium in 2016
was 58.8 million metric tons. It exceeded that of any
other metal except iron (1,231 million metric tons).
• Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the
earth’s crust—8% of its weight, according to the
University of Wisconsin—and the third most
abundant element on earth.
9. • Aluminium alloys are alloys in which aluminium (Al) is
the predominant metal.
• The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium,
manganese, silicon, tin and zinc.
• Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering
structures and components where light weight or
corrosion resistance is required.
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
-
10. EXTRACTION OF ALUMINUM
• The production of1kgof aluminum requires around
2kg of alumina.
• The production of 2kg alumina requires about 4kg
of bauxite.
11. ANODISING
• Electrolytic process used to increase the
thickness films on aluminum.
• The anodic films are normally between 5to25
microns thick depending on it's use.
• Anodic films can also be any color basically
golden, silver and black.
12. ADVANTAGES OF ALUMINUM
• Slim profile
• Durable
• Low maintenance
• Anti corrosive
• Light yet strong
• Available in anodised and baked with finishing long
lasting colour
• Water resistant
• Salt and even air resistant
13. PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM
1.Aluminum can be recycled easily
2.Almost all aluminum are used in construction.
3.High scrape value
4.Non corrosive and non toxic for both Indoor/outdoor.
5.It resist corrosion by water,snow and moisture without any
coating
6.Light weight and high strength and flexible.
14. APPEARANCE
Aluminium can be anodized or painted in any colour,to
any optical effect,number of surface touches,in order
to meet a decorative needs.
18. SHEET AND PLATE
• Aluminum plate :6.35mm(0.250inch)
• Aluminum sheet : 0.006inch-0.250inch
• Sheet is supplied either flat,rolled or in coils,also
available in large sizes
19. EXTRURSION BASED
• Doors and windows frames
• Panels and curtains walls
• Geodesic domes
• Green house and roof tops gardens
• North light glazing frame
• Spce divider and partition
20. EASE IN FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLY
Aluminum can be easily fabricated into various
Forms such as foil,sheets, geometric shapes
,rod,tube and wire.Aluminium could be easily
assembled using welding.
21. HIGH CORROSION RESITANCE
Aluminum construction products are made from
alloys,which are weather-proof, corrosion resistant and
immune to the harmful effects of uv rays, ensuring
optimal performance over a very long serviceable
lifetime.
23. USES OF ALUMINUM AS A BUILDING
MATERIAL
1)Pre fabricated structures:-
The use of prefabricated
structures in cold and tropical climates. It can also be
prove to be an effective panelling material for caravan.
27. COPPER
• Metallic coper and it's various alloys have been
used in engineering industries and other
applications.
• This is because of a combination of some very
useful properties shown by this metal and it's alloy.
• Among these properties following are more
important.
28. MANUFACTURING PROCESS :
• volatile impurities such as sulphur.
Ore is cruConcentration of the ores: Ores are contaminated
With impurities, called gangue minerals.
• The concentration of copper ore is increased by the
process of froth flotation-Ore is crushed and immersed in
a bath containing water and oil.Air is blown in the bath
which rises the oily froth above the layer of water.
• Most of the copper is concentrated to the extent of 90%
• Roasting of the ores: Heating of ore in a suitable furnace
to remove shed to fine powder and then heated in a
current of air in a reverberatory furnace.
29. PROPERTIES-
• The metal is very melleable and ductile so that it
can be given any desired shape.
• The metal has a very high electrical conductivity.
• It forms an Excellent allows
• It has good resistance against corrosion.
30. ZINC
• Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at
room temperature and has a
blue-silvery appearance when
oxidation is removed.
• Zinc is refined by froth flotation
of the ore, roasting, and final
extraction using electricity
(electrowinning).
31. • Two methods of manufacture – pyro metallurgical, hydro
metallurgical.
• Pyro-metallurgical process:
Concentration- Zinc ore is First concentrated by subjecting it to froth
floation.
• The finely powdered ore is immersed in a mixture of oil and water.
Zinc ore particles come up in the froth formed by oil whereas the
impurities settle down in water
Roasting- Ore is subjected to heating in a hearth furnace in presence
of air.
• Purpose of roasting is expulsion of sulphur and con version of
sulphate into oxide.
• 2ZnS + 3O2 =2ZnO + SO2
This sulphur dioxide is used for manufacture of sulphuric acid.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ZINC -
32. PROPERTIES OF ZINC –
• Whitish in colour, bright lustre
• Density – 7.4gm/ cmᵌ.
• Specific gravity – 6.2.
• Melting point 419 ᴼC, boiling point 907ᴼC
• Tensile strength – 700 to 1400 kg/cm².
• In moist air, zinc surface gets covered by a
dull basic zinc carbonate
• Spelter zinc is easily attacked by acids
33. PROPERTIES –
• Very heavy, but soft ; appears bright and shiny
bluish grey when cut but surface changes quickly
to a dull grey;toxic, resistant to corrosion and
many chemicals.
USES –
• Can be mixed with other materias to makes
them easier to machine;acts as a protection
against x-rays and radiation, core of sme
batteris.
34. • Does contains any amount of iron in its
basic form .
• They do not possess magnetic property
,but resist
corrosion much better than ferrous metals
.
• They have very iow tensile strength.
• They have typically light weights ,higher
melting point and
are basically resistant to corrosion .
• Ideal for ele ctrical applications.
• Eg. , cobalt aluminium ,zinc , etc.
• Contains any amount
of iron in its in basic form .
• That’s why they possesses magnetic
property and
marks them prone to corrosion.
• They have a high tensile strength since
they
can carry a high amount of strain .
• They have the ability for oxidation ,
known as corrosion .
Oxidation of ferrous metals forms as a
reddish –
brown deposit on the surface and is oxide
of iron
• Eg ., pig iron ,steel ,cast ,iron, etc.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FERROUS & NON-FERROUS METALS
