1.
BHAGWAN MAHAVIR COLLEGE OF
ARCHITECTURE
SUB: BUILDING MATERIAL CONSTRUCTION
Sem 3
TOPIC: ALUMINIUM
Faculty Name
Er. Akash Chauhan
Ar.Kunal Engineer
1

2.
Presented By :
Chirag Asodariya
Roshni Bhalodiya
Aditya Kapadia
Mansi Galiyawala
Bhumika kadhiwala
Palak Italaiya
Milan Bodar
Parimal Davara
Dhwani Patel
Rinav Jivani
2

3.
Index
Slide no Topic
1-11 Introduction
12-14 Properties
14-25 Use as building material
25-53 Forms of aluminium
54-56 Difference from other materials
3

4.
INTRODUCTION
• Aluminium occurs in abundance on the surface
of the earth. It is available in various forms such
as oxides, sulphates, silicates, phosphates, etc.
But is commercially produced mainly from
Bauxite.
• Aluminium is the third most abundant element
(after oxygen and silicon), and the most
abundant metal, in the Earth's crust. It makes
up about 8% by weight of the Earth's solid
surface
4

5.
• Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's
low density and for its ability to
resist corrosion due to the phenomenon
of passivation. Structural components made
from aluminium and its alloys are vital to
the aerospace industry and are important in
other areas of transportation and structural
materials. The most useful compounds of
aluminium, at least on a weight basis, are the
oxides and sulfates.
5

6.
 In nature, aluminum is found only in chemical
compounds with other elements such as
sulphur, silicon, and oxygen.
 Pure, metallic aluminum can be economically
produced only from aluminum oxide ore.
 Occurs in all types of clay
6

7.
EXTRACTION OF ALUMINIUM
 The production of 1Kg of aluminium requires around 2Kg
of alumina.
 The production of 2Kg of alumina requires about 4Kg of
bauxite.
7

8.
8

9.
1. CRUSH AND GRIND
• The ore is then fed into
large grinding mills and
mixed with a caustic
soda solution (sodium
hydroxide) at high
temperature and
pressure.
9

10.
2.Calcination
• Calcination is a heating
process to remove the
chemically combined
water from the alumina
hydrate.
10

11.
Extraction of aluminum
the hall heroult is the major industrial process for smelting
of aluminum.
It involves dissolving aluminum oxide(AL2O3) in molten
cryolite (NA3ALF6) and electrolysing the molten salt bath,
typically in a purpose built cell.
A brief history of hall heroult
process
The hall heroult process was invented independently and
simultaneously. In 1886 by the American chemist Charles
martin hall and the Frenchman Paul heroult .
11

12.
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM
1. It is a very good conductor of heat
and electricity.
2. It is a silvery white metal with a
bluish tinge and it exhibits bright
lusture on a freshly broken surface.
3. It is a non-magnetic substance.
4. It is highly resistant to corrosion.
12

13.
5. It is light in weight, malleable,
and ductile.
6. It is very soft.
7. It possesses great toughness
and tensile strength.
8. Readily dissolves in HCl
13

14.
Characteristic of Aluminium
• Aluminum can be recycled easily.
• Almost all aluminum are used in construction.
• High scrape value
• Non corrosive and non toxic so used for both indoor
and outdoor application
• It resist corrosion by water, snow and moisture
without any coating.
• Light weight and high strength and flexible
• It dose not strikes spark nor get brittle under
extreme cold or heat.
14

15.
ALUMINIUM
AS
BUILDING
MATERIAL
15

16.
AIR TIGHTNESS
• A well designed
aluminium door ,
window etc. is
pertfectly air tight a nd
sealed out for dust and
rain water, when closed.
• This is usefull in fully air
conditioned buildings.
16

17.
APPEARANCE
• Aluminium can be
anodized or painted in
any colour, to any optical
effect, number of surface
touches, in order to meet
a decorative needs. It
serves to enhance the
material’s durability and
corrosion resistance, as
well as providing an easy-
to-clean surface.
17

18.
CRYOGENICS
• Where as steel becomes brittle at low temperatures,
aluminium increases in tensile strength and retains
excellent toughness.
18

19.
EASE IN FABRICATION & ASSEMBLY
• Aluminium can be easily
fabricated into various
forms such as foil,
sheets, geometric
shapes, rod, tube and
wire.
• Aluminium could be
easily assembled using
welding.
19

20.
HANDLING AND TRANSPORTION
• Require fewer joints,
producing fast and
economical installation.
• Aluminium can be
sawed, drilled, riveted,
screwed, bent, welded
and soldered in the
workshop or on the
building site.
20

21.
HIGH CORROSION RESISTANCE
• Aluminium building
products are made from
alloys, which are
weather-proof,
corrosion-resistant and
immune to the harmful
effects of UV rays,
ensuring optimal
performance over a
very long serviceable
lifetime.
21

22.
HIGH REFLECTIVITY
• This characteristic feature
makes aluminium a very
efficient material for light
management. Aluminium
solar collectors can be
installed to lower energy
consumption for artificial
lighting and heating in
winter, while aluminium
shading devices can be
used to reduce the need
for air conditioning in
summer.
22

23.
HIGH SCRAP VALUE
• To produce aluminum
from recycled material,
for example, requires
only 5% of the energy
required to produce
aluminum from bauxite.
In addition, every ton of
recycled aluminum
saves four tons of
bauxite.
23

24.
HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO
• Aluminium sections are generally thinner and deeper
than equivalent steel sections to achieve the required
strength and rigidity of same level.
24

25.
MAINTENANCE COST
• While Aluminium has a
natural, built-in durability
(it forms a protective
layer of oxide as soon as
it is exposed to air), most
Aluminium construction
products are treated or
coated. One way in which
the oxidization process
can be enhanced is
anodization
25

26.
Tools to cut aluminum
26

27.
Advantages of aluminium
• Slim profile
• Durable
• low maintenance
• Anti corrosive
• Light yet strong
• Available in anodised and
baked with finishing long
lasting color
• Water resistant
• Salt and even air resistant
27

28.
Anodising
• Electrolytic process used to
increase the thickness films
on aluminium.
• The anodic films are
normally between 5 to25
microns thick depending on
its use.
• Anodic films can also be
used as a base of dyes of
any color basically
golden,silver and black.
28

29.
• Casting Based
• Extrusion Based
• Foil and Powdered Based
• Sheet Based
Forms of Aluminium
29

30.
Casting Based
• Baluster head
• Hardware and fittings
• Security and decorative grills
30

31.
Sheet based
• Cable trays
• Flat type false ceiling
• Prefabricated houses
• Rain water
• Ridging and angel of
roof
• Roofing and sliding
31

32.
Types of sheet
• Anodising sheets
• Pre painted sheets
• Reflector sheets
• Lighting sheets
• Trailer roofed sheets
• Rural roogfing sheets
• Decorative panel sheets
• Patterned sheets
• Vinyl coated sheets
32
Decorative Sheet

33.
Sheet and plate
• Aluminium plate : 6.35 mm (0.250inch)
• Aluminium sheet :0.006 inch -0.250inch
• Sheet is supplied either flat, rolled or in coils,
also available in large sizes
33
Coils of Aluminium

34.
Extrusion Based
• Doors and Window
frames
• Panels and curtain walls
• Geodesic domes
• Green house and roof
tops gardens
• North light glazing
frame
• Space divider and
partition
34

35.
Foil and powder based
• Decorative laminates
• Insulative foils
• Paints
• Water proofing sheets
35

36.
36

37.
False Ceiling
1)FLAT FALSE CEILING:
The use of such ceiling is
done to enhance the
look of the building.
37

38.
Prefabaricated house
• The use of
prefabaricated house in
cold and tropical
climates.It can also
prove to be an effective
panelling material for
caravan
38

39.
Rain water articles
• The non corrosive
material is best choice
for the gutter,
spouts,etc. for the
disposal of rainwater.
39

40.
RIDGING AND ANGLE OF ROOF
• The aluminium can be
used for all building
requirement of corner
flashings,ridgings,monit
or roofs,and gable end
flashings.
40

41.
FOIL AND POWDER BASED
• DECORTIVE
LAMINATES: The
printed decorative
laminates are
extensively used as
wallpapers ,partition
panels,etc.
41

42.
INSULATIVE FOILS
• These can be
conventionally used for
for insulatingair
conditioning duct in
large air conditioned
system.
42

43.
PAINTS
• Aluminium powder based paints are useful to
grant building protection against corrosion
43

44.
EXTRUSION BASED
• DOOR AND WINDOW
FRAMES:This is the
major applications of
aluminium in buildings.
• Several sizes of frames
are available
Gauge Price
16 Rs.195/kg
18 Rs.195/kg
20 Rs.195/kg
44

45.
•
45

46.
• Maximum outer frame
sizes:
• Solid fixed light
maximum length of 3m
but area may not
exceed 6 square meters.
• Fixed frame with
mullions and sashes:
• max length 4m but
max area may not
exceed 6 square
meters.
• Maximum sizes &weight of
the opening section of a
window
 Top hung sash with friction
stay: width 1200 and height
1000, glass weight max 40kg
 Side hung sash with friction
stay: width 600 and height
1500 , glass weight 40kg
 Side hung sash with 90
degree hinge:
• width 1200 and height
2100, glass weight 150kg
 Tilt and turn sash: width
1200 and height 2100, glass
weight 150kg
46

47.
FASCIA PANELS AND CURTAIN WALLS
 External non-load
bearing wall designed
to carry its own weight
Sufficient strong to
carry wind loads
 Larger sizes can be
produced by using
interlocking sections.
47

48.
GEODESIC DOMES
• Vaulted structure of
light weight straight
elements that form
interlocking polygons
48

49.
GREEN HOUSES
• A greenhouse is a
building or complex in
which plants are grown.
These structures range
in size from small sheds
to industrial-sized
buildings
49

50.
ROOF TOP GARDENS
• A roof garden is
a garden on the roof of
a building.
• Besides the decorative
benefit, roof plantings
may provide food,
temperature control,
hydrological benefits,
architectural
enhancement.
50

51.
NORTH LIGHT GLAZING FRAMES
• North Light Glazing is used to take natural day light
from North side. With specialtiy desingned require
aluminium Glazing bars, shoe stop, & tension clips
51

52.
52

53.
The use of recycled aluminum saves 95 percent of the energy, and avoids
95 percent of the emissions, associated with the production of the metal
from ore, and it reduces the amount of waste consigned to landfills
 With appropriate sorting, scrap aluminium can advantageously be
recycled to produce the same sorts of products over and over again.
Requires only 5% of the original energy input.
So easy to recycle:perfect ‘eco-metal’.
Very little aluminium is lost in the remelting process.
.
RECYCLING
53

54.
Difference
• Cost- Aluminum is much more costly than upvc
• Durability-although upvc has a long life it degrade
over along time but aluminum does not corrode
• Cleaner profile-upvc has a thick channel profile while
aluminum is thinner but the strength of aluminum Is
good
• Flexibility-flexibility in upvc is less than compared to
aluminum
• Colors- aluminum offer the vide range of colors as
compared to upvc.
54

55.
55

56.
THANK YOU
56