pest of silkworm : Uzifly, Dermestid beetle. diseases: Grasserie,flacherie, muscardine, pebrine . pests and diseases of mulberry tree plant: morus alba, morus indica etc.

1. PESTS AND DISEASES OF SILKWORM
SUBMITTED BY- RAMAN KISHOR
CLASS – B.SC. 3RD YEAR
ROLL NO. – 01695(ZOOL)
SUBMITTED TO- ASSIT. PROF. PANKAJ
GUPTA (DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY)

3. PESTS OF SILKWORM:
1.UZIFLY- Exorista sorbillans
Belongs to Order- Diptera, Family – Tachinidae
Indian name – Exorista bombycis
Mode of damage:
Uzifly gets attracted by Kairomones( hormone
emitted by an organism for interspecific interaction)
Female flies lays their eggs on silkworm caterpillar
By piercing their skin .
Then maggot larvae on hatching attacks all internal
organs of silkworm.

4. Diagonosis:
 Presence of Black scars on silkworm
body.
 CONTROL MEASURE:
1. Use of Uzitraps
2. Biological control: By releasing
Nesolynx thymus( pupal
parasitoid of uzifly)

5. 2.DERMESTID BEETLES:
 Scientific name- Dermestis ater
 belongs to Family- Dermestidae,
Order- Coleoptra, class – Insecta
 MODE OF DAMAGE:
 Female beetles lay eggs in floss of
 cocoons and migrate from cocoon
 storage to grainage rooms and
attack
 abdominal region of the moth.
 CONTROL MEASURE:
1. store cocoons in Delmathrin 0.028%
treated bags.
2. Sprinkle bleaching powder .

6. DISEASES OF SILKWORM:
1. Grasserie Disease:-
 Viral disease of silkworm
 Causative agent- Bombyx mori Nuclear
polyhedrosis virus.
 Occurence – Throughout year , most in
Summer and rainy season
 Epidemiology( source of infection)-
. Milky white fluid released by grasserie
larvae contaminate mulberry leaves
,silkworm feeding on contaminated mulberry
leaves gets infected.

7.  SYMPTOMS-
1. Skin of larvae becomes shiny before moult.
2. Intersegmental swelling , yellowish body .
3. Turbid white haemolymph oozes out of
larvae.
Chemical control:
. Disinfection of rearing house and equipments
with 0.05% Asthra solution,2.5% sanitech, 0.5%
like with 2% formalin or 2% bleaching powder
with 0.3% slaked lime.

8. 2.FLACHERIE DISEASE:
 Causative agent- Bombyx mori
Densonucleosis virus.
 Occurence- summer and rainy season
 EPIDEMIOLOGY (mode of infection):
silkworm gets infected by eating
contaminated mulberry leaves. Dead
diseased silkworm’s faecal matter ,gut juice,
body fluid are its source of infection.
 SYMPTOMS:
1. Larvae becomes soft and flaccid.
2. The growth of infected larvae retarted.
3. Larval head and thorax becomes
translucent.( blackness of thorax)

9. 3.MUSCARDINE DISEASE:
 Causative agent- Beauveria bassiana (fungus)
 Occurrence- Rainy and Winter season .
 EPIDEMIOLOGY(Mode of infection):
Conidia(spores) come in contact with
silkworms body Mummified sikkworm,
lepidopteran hosts, contaminated rearing house
and appliances.
 SYMPTOMS:
1. Loss of larval appetite.
2. Moist specks on larval skin.
3. Larval vomiting.
4. After death larva grow aerial mycelia around
itself and gets chalky white( mummified).

10.  INFLUENCE OF INFECTION OF Beauveria bassiana-

Preventive measures:
1. Avoid low temperature and high humidity.
2. Dust slaked lime powdee in rearing bed .

11. 4.PEBRINE DISEASE :
 Causative agent- Nosema bombycis/different strains of
microsporidia.
 It is non seasonal.
 EPIDEMIOLOGY:
. Silkworm gets infected through eggs( Transovarium
transmission). Infected silkworm are source of infection.
 SYMPTOMS:
1. Irregular hatching of silkworm’s egg.
2. Irregular size of larval body.
3. Loss of larval appetite.
4. White postules appear on silkgland.

12. PEST OF MULBERRY TREES:
1. PINK MEALY BUG:(HEMIPTERAN PEST)
 Scientific name-
Maconellicocus
hirsutus
 Causes- Tukra disease
in mulberry plant .
 Occurence- during
summer

13.  SYMPTOMS: Tukra disease is
characterized by:
1. Deformation of leaves.
2. shortened internodal distance.
 CONTROL MEASURE:
1. Burn down infested part.
2. Spray 0.2% DDVP.
3. Biological control- by releasing lady bird
beetle- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri(
natural enemy of mealy bug).

14. 2.THRIPS(THYSANOPTERAN PEST)
 Scientific name-
Pseudodendrothrips mori Niwa
 Type of damage: Thrips affect
leavesvof mulberry shoot. They injure
epidermal tissue and suck the sap.
 Occurence – throughout year mostly
in summer
 Symptoms: Affected leaves shows
white streaks.

15.  Control measures:
1. Sprinkler irrigation
2. Spray 0.02% DDVP.
3. Biological control- release
Scymnus(lady bird beetle)

16. 3.WASP MOTH(Lepidopteran pest)
 Scientific name- Amata passalis
 Type of Damage- Reduction in leaf
yield.
 Symptom – Branches without
leaves.
 Occurence- During February to
August.
 MANAGEMENT:
1. Collection and destruction of egg
masses and young gregarious
caterpillar.
2. Spray 0.02% DDVP.

17. 4. WHITE FLY:
 Scientific name- Dialeuropora
docempuncta.
 Mode of damage- Both adult and
nymp pierce and suck the sapfrom
leaves .
 CONTROL MEASURES:
1. Spray 0.076% DDVP 12days after
pruning.
2. Biological control- release
Scymnus

18. White flies on mulberry leaf:

19. 5.JASSID
 Scientific name- Emposca
flavescens
 Mode of damage – Adult and
nymph of leaf hopper suck sap
from leaves which becomes
yellow in colour .
 Control measures:
1. Trapping of leaf hoppers with
light traps.
2. Spray 0.1% Rogar.

20. DISEASES OF MULBERRY TREES:
1. FUNGAL DISEASES
 1. LEAF SPOT :
 Causative agent: Cercospora
moricola( fungus)
 Occurence- Rainy season ( June to
December)
 Symptoms:
1. Brownish spots on leaves
2. shot holes on leaves

21.  CONTROL MEASURES;
1. Spraying bavistin 50WP at 0.1%
concentration.
2. Spraying of Foltaf 80W with safe period of
10 days.

22. 2. POWDERY MILDEW
 Causative agent- Phyllactinia
corylea
 occurence- during rainy and
winter season july to march.
 Symptoms-
1. White powdery patches on lower
surface of leaves .
2. Later turn on brownish black .

23.  CONTROL MEASURES:
1. Select mildew resistant varieties
2. Provide wider spacing .
3. Spraying Karathane (EC) 0.2% or bavistin
0.2% is effective for control of disease.
4. If disease is severe, two sprays are rquired
with interval of 15 days.

24. 3.LEAF RUST :
 Causative agent- Cerotilium
feci
 Occurence- during
winter(November-December)
 SYMPTOMS:
1. Circular brown to black spots
on leaves.
2. Affected leaves become
yellow.

25.  CONTROL MEASURES:
1. Timely utilization of leaves,
especially during winter
montgs and providing
wider spacing .
2. Spraying funcigicide like
Kavach 75WP or Foltaf
80W at 0.2%
concentration.

26. BACTERIAL DISEASES:
1. Bacterial leaf blight
 Causative agent-
Pseudomonas syringae OR
Xanthomonas campestris
 Occurence- during rainy and
winter season.
 Symptoms:
1. Numerus blackish brown
irregular patches on the
leaves which becomes curled
and rotten.
 CONTROL:
1. Spray 0.2% Streptomycin on
leaves.

27. 2. Bacterial rot or Twig blight:
 Causative agent- Bacterium
moricolum
 Occurence- Rainy season
 Symptoms- It erodes the base of
Twig and branches.
 Control:
1. By treating soil with Calcium
cyanamide ( lime Nitrogen)

28. 3. BACTERIAL WILT:
 Causative agent- Pseudomonas
solanacearum
 Occurence- April , November
 Symptoms- Rotting of roots.
 Control:
1. By Using Formalin and 0.2%
Bleaching powder.

29. 4. Leaf Scortch:
 Causative agent- FXIB ( Fastidious
xylem inhibiting bacteria)
 Occurence- In July
 Symptoms: The affected leaves
shows marginal necrosis and
dessication of tissues.
 Control measures:
1. Reduce water stress through
mulching, irrigation etc. (No
effective cure is known)

30. VIRAL DISEASES:
1. MOSAIC DISEASE:
 Casative agent – Mosaic virus
 Occurence- Rainy season
 Symptoms- inward curling of
mulberry leaves.
 Control measure: Infected plants
are uprooted or burnt.

31. NEMATODAL DISEASE:
1.ROOT KNOT DISEASE-
 Causative agent- Meloidogyne
incognita
 Occurence- Throughout year
 SYMPTOMS:
1. Yellowing of leaf margin.
2. Formation of gallson or root
knots.
3. Poor plant growth.

33.  CONTROL MEASURES:
1. Deep digging and ploughing.
2. Intercropping of nematicidal plants.
3. Use of organic oil cakes like NEEM OIL
CAKE (800kg/acre/year) near root zone.
4. Use of Rugby 10 G (new nematicide).