This document discusses different types of anchorage used in orthodontic tooth movement. It defines anchorage as the resistance to unwanted tooth movement and describes various classifications of anchorage including simple, stationary, reciprocal, and reinforced anchorage. It also discusses factors that contribute to anchorage strength and different intraoral and extraoral anchorage options used in orthodontic treatment.

1. Good morning

2. Dr. Chandrika Katti
Reader, Dept Of
Orthodontics.
Navodaya Dental College,
Raichur.

3. Desired tooth movement is inevitably associated with
an opposing force.
Anchorage units
Anchorage loss
Anchorage management

4. T.M. Graber :
“The nature and degree of resistance to displacement
offered by an anatomic unit when used for the purpose of
effecting tooth movement.”
Proffit :
“Resistance to unwanted tooth movement.”
“Resistance to reaction forces that is provided (usually)
by other teeth, or (sometimes) by the palate, head or neck
(via extraoral force), or implants in bone.”

5. Classification – Moyers
Anchorage
Intraoral Extraoral
Cervical
Occipital
Cranial
Facial
Intramaxillary
Intermaxillary
Simple
Stationary
Reciprocal
Single
Compound
Reinforced
Muscular

6. 1. A anchorage : critical / severe
75 % or more of the extraction space is needed for
anterior retraction
2. B anchorage : moderate
Relatively symmetric space closure (50%)
3. C anchorage : mild / non critical
75% or more of space closure by mesial
movement of posterior teeth
Nanda :

8. • Burstone
• Group A: Postr teeth contribute less than one quarter
to total space closure
• Group B: Postr teeth contribute from one quarter to
one half to total space closure
• Group C: Postr teeth contribute more than one half
to total space closure

9. Tipping – 35-60 g
Bodily - 70-120g
Intrusion - 15-20g
Extrusion - 35-60 g
Rotation - 35-60 g
Uprighting- 75-125g

10. Anchorage value

11. Multirooted > single rooted
Longer rooted > shorter rooted
Triangular shaped root > conical or ovoid root
Larger surface area > smaller surface area

12. Types of anchorage
• Simple Anchorage:
‘Dental anchorage in which the
manner and application of force
tends to displace or change the
axial inclination of the teeth
that form the anchorage unit in
the plane of space in which the
force is being applied.’

13. Simple Anchorage
Types of anchorage

14. Types of anchorage
• Stationary Anchorage:
 ‘Dental anchorage in which the manner and
application of force tends to displace the anchorage
unit bodily in the plane of space in which the force is
being applied.’
 Refers to the advantage that can be obtained by
pitting bodily movement of one group of teeth against
tipping of another

15. Types of anchorage
 Eg: Retraction of
mandibular incisors
using first molars as
anchorage
 Considerably more than
Simple Anchorage

16. Types of anchorage
• Reciprocal Anchorage:
 Anchorage in which the
resistance of one or more dental
units is utilized to move one or
more opposing dental units
 Dissipation of equal and
opposite forces
 Diastema closure

17. Types of anchorage
 Correction of posterior cross bite through cross
elastics
 Correction of posterior cross bite through cross
elastics

18. Reciprocal Anchorage
Types of anchorage

19. Types of anchorage
• Multiple or Reinforced
Anchorage:
 Multiple dental anchorage:
Reduces pressure on the anchor
units moving them down the
slope of the pressure-response
curve
 Tissue - borne anchorage:

20. Types of anchorage

21. Types of anchorage
• Cortical Anchorage:
 Torquing the roots of posterior teeth outward against
the cortical plate to inhibit their mesial movement

22. Types of anchorage
• Intramaxillry anchorage/ traction
Resistance units are situated within the same jaw

23. Types of anchorage
• Intermaxillary anchorage/ traction
[Baker’s anchorage]
Resistance units situated in one jaw are used to
effect tooth movement in the other jaw
Class II traction
Class III traction

24. Types of anchorage
Muscular anchorage:
Makes use of forces generated
by muscles to aid in the tooth
movement.
Perioral musculature is
employed as resistance units

25. Implant anchorage

26. Extra oral anchorage
H
E
A
D
G
E
A
R
S

27. Extra oral anchorage
• Principle use
• Forces derived from EOA
Stabilize the position of the teeth
Produce tooth movement
Orthopedic changes
Extra oral anchorage Extra oral traction

28. Extra oral anchorage
• Mild cases
• Cases with severe crowding and overjet
• Severe cases – additional space is required even after
extraction

29. Anchorage planning
1. Number of teeth being moved
2. Type of teeth being moved
3. Type of tooth movement
4. Duration of tooth movement

30. Thank you