Useful for upcoming NABARD and AFO and other agri competitive Exams and students of Agriculture

1. 2nd lecture: General
Agriculture

2. Kinnow is the hybrid variety of—
 (A) Citrus
(B) Orange
(C) Mandarin
(D) Lemon
 (C) Mandarin
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3.  The 'Kinnow' is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the wider Punjab region of
Pakistan and India .
 It is a hybrid of two citrus cultivars — 'King' (Citrus nobilis) × 'Willow Leaf' (Citrus × deliciosa)
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4. The word ‘Agriculture’ is derived from—
 (A) Greek
(B) Latin
(C) Arabic
(D) French
 (B) Latin
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5. Which of the followings are short day
crops ?
 (A) Maize, Lobia, Bajra
(B) Wheat, Mustard, Gram
(C) Moong, Soybean, Bajra
(D) Wheat, Soybean, Bajra
 (B) Wheat, Mustard, Gram
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6. *Short day plants are the plants which start flowering before the critical day-
length. The duration of exposure is between 9-16 hours.
*Long day plants are the plants which start to flower when the days are
longer than the critical day- length. The duration of exposure is more than
16 hours.
*Day-neutral plants are the plants which flower independent of their day-
length. They will flower in the photoperiod which is neither too long nor too
short.
 For a short-day plant to bloom, there must be less than 12 hours of
daylight.
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7. The headquarters of Indian
Meteorological Department was
established in 1875 at—
 (A) New Delhi
(B) Hyderabad
(C) Pune
(D) Calcutta
 (D) Calcutta
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8.  The IMD headquarters were later shifted to Shimla in 1905,
then to Pune in 1928 and finally to New Delhi in 1944
 IMD became a member of the World Meteorological
Organization after independence on 27 April 1949
 It has the responsibility for forecasting, naming and
distribution of warnings for tropical cyclones in the
Indian Ocean region, including the Malacca Straits, the Bay of
Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf.
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9. Moisture condensed in small drops upon
cool surface is called—
 (A) Hail
(B) Dew
(C) Snow
(D) Fog
 (B) Dew
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10.  Rain: Water vapor condenses around condensation nuclei
(such as dust) and falls when the droplet is heavy enough.
 Sleet: Same formation as rain, but it freezes somewhere
along its path from the clouds to the ground. Sleet is a
mixture of snow and rain
 Snow: Water droplets form and then freezing occurs slowly
 Hail: Water droplets are carried high into the atmosphere by
thunderstorm updrafts, which cause them to freeze. Multiple
drops tend to freeze together, which is why the diameter of
hail can be large.
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11.  Dew: Water vapor on the ground condenses on objects
 Frost: Dew forms and then it freezes. This commonly occurs when
nighttime radiational cooling drops the ground temperature down
enough.
 Fog: Fog consists of visible cloud water droplets or ice crystals
suspended in the air at or near the Earth's surface.
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12.  MIST: Mist is a phenomenon of small droplets suspended in air. It can occur as
part of natural weather or volcanic activity, and is common in cold air above
warmer water, in exhaled air in the cold, and in a steam room of a sauna. It can
also be created artificially with aerosol canisters if the humidity conditions are
right.
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13. How many agro-climatic zones (ACZ)
are found in India ?
 (A) 16
(B) 18
(C) 15
(D) 20
 (C) 15
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14. Tilt angle of a disc plough is generally—
 (A) 10°
(B) 15°
(C) 20°
(D) 45°
 (D) 45°
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15. Puddling is done to—
 (A) Reduce percolation of water
(B) Pulverise and levelling soil
(C) Kill weeds
(D) All of the above
 (D) All of the above
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16.  Soil puddling for paddy rice production is the process of
working saturated or near-saturated soil into soft
structureless mud.
 Wet system of rice cultivation needs puddled condition,
which involves ploughing of land in moist condition. The
lands are ploughed and re-ploughed, with planking after
each ploughing, to bring the soil to a fine ‘puddle’ condition.
The whole of the upper layer of the soil should be in this
smooth soft muddy condition, permitting the roots to ramify
freely in the medium without being obstructed by hard
layers.

17. Advantages of Puddling:
 1. Less power required in tillage.
 2. Easy in transplanting rice due to soft mud. Plants
are pushed into the mud with thumb and
forefinger.
 3. Weeds are controlled by puddling. Buried weeds
in the mud do not come out easily.
 4. Loss of water by percolation is reduced because
of structure less soil and the formation of tillage
pan.
 5. Increase in availability of nutrients, especially
phosphorus, iron and manganese.

18. The Community Development
Programme (CDP) was started in India
on—
 (A) 2nd October, 1950
(B) 2nd October, 1952
(C) 2nd October, 1951
(D) None of these
 (B) 2nd October, 1952
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19.  The community development programme was started in India just after
independence (1952). It was a multi project programme with the aim of
an overall development of rural people.
 For each community project, as at present planned, there will be
approximately 300 villages with a total area of about 450 to 500 square
miles, a cultivated area of about, 1,50,000 acres and a population about
2,00,000. The project area is conceived as being divided into 3
development blocks, each consisting 50,000 to 70,000. The development
block, is, in turn, divided into groups of 5 villages each, each group being
the field of operation for a village level worker.

20. The main function of NABARD is—
 (A) Farmers’ loaning
(B) Agricultural research
(C) Refinancing to agricultural financing institutions
(D) Development of agriculture
 (C) Refinancing to agricultural financing institutions
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21. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural
Development
 Established:
 12 July 1982
 Headquartered at Mumbai
 ChairmanDr. Harsh Kumar Bhanwala
 NABARD was established on the recommendations of B.Sivaraman Committee
 It replaced the Agricultural Credit Department (ACD) and Rural Planning and
Credit Cell (RPCC) of Reserve Bank of India, and Agricultural Refinance and
Development Corporation (ARDC)

22. Acid rain contains mainly—
 (A) PO4
(B) NO2
(C) NO3
(D) CH4
 (B) NO2
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23. Which of the following crops is grown in
India by the means dry farming?
 (a) Tobacco
(b) Wheat
(c) Cotton
(d) Millets
 (d) Millets
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24. 24
Bajra/Pearl millet

25. Finger millet or Ragi
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26. Jowar
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27. Growing different crops in association with
each other on the same field at the same time
is
 (a) Mixed farming
(b) Intercultural
(c) Strip farming
(d) Contour ploughing
 (b) Intercultural
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28. Mixed farming vs mixed cropping
 A system of farming which involves the growing of crops as well as the raising of
livestock.
 Mixed cropping or co-cultivation, is a type of agriculture that involves planting
two or more of plants simultaneously in the same field.
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31.  Mixed cropping can be called as inter-cropping or co-cultivation
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32. Strip farming and contour farming ...
 Contour farming means crops are planted along the hill contour rather than
across the hill slope direction. Ridges are often built along the hill contour as
well to reduce soil and water loss via runoff and sometimes to collect water and
give water more time to infiltrate into the soil.
Strip farming is the same as contour farming except that buffer strips are
planted between two adjacent crop strips. These buffer strips are typically grass
species that are hardy, low maintenance, grows rapidly and provides uniform
ground cover. The function of these buffer strips are mainly to reduce water
erosion by reducing runoff velocity and to trap water and sediments from
runoff.

34. Zinc Sulphate (ZnSO4) should not be
mixed with—
 (A) D.A.P.
(B) Compost fertilizer
(C) Ammonium Chloride
(D) Urea
 (A) D.A.P.
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35.  Di-Ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely
used Phosphorus fertilizer. It is made from two common
constituents in the fertilizer industry – Nitrogen (N) and
Phosphorus (P).

36.  Di-Ammonium phosphate (DAP) contains 18% of Nitrogen,
46% of Phosphorus and no Potassium. DAP dissolves easily in
water at 20 degrees Celsius.
 DAP should not be mixed with any fertilizers containing Zinc
as it forms Zinc Phosfide, which makes it inappropriate for
plants.
 For the best effect DAP should be applied prior to sowing

37. Which of the following is systemic poison
?
 (A) Metasystox
(B) Phosphomidan
(C) Phorate
(D) All of these
 (C) Phorate
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38. Pesticides Grouping by Mode of
Action
1. Contact pesticides
2.Systemic pesticides

39.  Contact insecticides generally control a pest as a result of direct contact.
In practice, contact insecticides must be applied with a good coverage of
spray droplets in order to make contact with the target.
 Systemically-acting insecticides are taken up by plants relatively quickly
via the roots or above-ground parts, and are then transported and re-
distributed within the vascular system. They can also move between cells
by diffusion.
 Contact kills the (host/spores/target) remains on the outer surface of
plant e.g. leaves or skin of plant, acting as a shield for protection. Contact
is harmful for environment and pollutes water/Soil/produce/goes into live
stock.
 Systemic harmful for all who eats the produce also pollute the
environment/soil/water.

40. Vermicomposting
The term vermicomposting means the use
of earthworms (Plate 9) for composting
organic residues. Earthworms can
consume practically all kinds of organic
matter and they can eat their own body
weight per day, e.g. 1 kg of worms can
consume 1 kg of residues every day
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43. Eutrophication
Algal bloom caused by
eutrophication Fertilizer run-
offs from crop fields are one
of the factors responsible for
eutrophication.
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45. 45

46. India’s Rank:
 Rice:
 China > India > Indonesia : 2nd
 Maize:
 USA>China >Brazil (India 4th)
 Wheat:
 Europe Union> China > India: 3rd
 Total pulses:
 India – 1st
 Mustard & rapeseed:
 China > Canada > India:3rd
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47.  Groundnut:
 China > India>USA: 2nd
 Sugarcane:
 Brazil > India>China:2nd
 Total cereals:
 China > USA > India:3rd
 Coarse cereals:
 USA > China > Brazil > India: 4th
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48.  Vegetables:
 China > India> USA: 2nd
 Fruits & veg:
 China > India: 2nd
 Cotton:
 China > India: 2nd
 Tobacco:
 China > Brazil > India: 3rd
 Tea, jute & allied fibers:
 India – 1st
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49.  Coffee-
 India- 6th
 Cattle population:
 1st India (16.5%)
 Buffalo population:
 1st India (56.7%)
 Milk production:
 1st India (15%)
 Egg production:
 India: 5th
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50. Crops grown in
various season
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51. Season
Kharif
Rabi
Zaid
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What
Rice, cotton, maize, Jowar,
Moong, groundnut and jute
Wheat, barley, oats (cereals),
mustard and Pulses
Fruits and vegetables
When?
•Sowing-june july.
•Harvested in Sept-Oct
•Sowing in Oct-Nov
•Harvesting February-March
•Summer season
•April-May-Jun

52. About Punjab
 Punjab has the title of:
 Granary of India or Food Basket of India.
 Punjab produces roughly 12% of the total cereals
produced in India.
 Fruits Grown In Punjab:
 The main fruit grown in Punjab is Kinnow. Other than Kinnow, Guava,
peach, pear and Mango are the other main fruits of Punjab.
 Lemon and Ber are also produced in good quantity and it is enough for
the state's own consumption.
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53. Agriculture Based Industries
 Sonalika Tractors -
 Sonalika Group, based in Hoshiarpur, is
amongst the top tractor manufactures
of India.
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54.  National Fertilizers Limited -
 This public sector company has two urea
in the state. One unit is located in Nangal and
another is located in Bathinda.

55.  Swaraj Tractors -
 This company is owned by Mahindra Group
and one of the largest tractor manufactures
the country. The company has main
manufacturing unit in Mohali city under the
name of Punjab Tractors Limited.

56. About Punjab …
 Standard Corporation -
 Standard Corporation is a leading
Harvester Combine and Tractor
manufacturing company, based in
Barnala.
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57.  Nestle -
 Nestle has a factory in Moga where a huge
quantity of milk is collected from surrounding
areas and processed to form desi ghee,
milk, butter and other products. Some of the
household names like Maggi, Cerelac and
EveryDay are manufactures in this factory.

58.  Preet Tractors -
 Preet tractors is another leading manufacturers
tractors, self propelled combine harvester and
other such machinery and company has its
manufacturing facility in Nabha, near Patiala.

59. About Punjab …
 ITC:
 ITC, which manufacture the various food
products under the brand names Sunfeast,
Bingo, Aashirvad etc. has a large food
processing unit in Kapurthala.
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60.  Markfed:
 Markfed is a co-operative company of Punjab
government and is one of country's largest
agricultural products marketing company. The
products are marketed under the brand name of
Sohna and the portfolio includes various edible oils,
basmati rice, jams and pickles, desi ghee and ready
serve food items.

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62. YouTube:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCBadm5i
OiJthSD9i4YtDQ
Instagram:
 https://www.instagram.com/deepakwadhwaa/

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