Nature of research

Meaning of Research
Characteristics of Research
Purpose of Research
Types of Research
Approaches to Research

“RE” (again)
“SEARCH” (to look for something)
RESEARCH: To look for something
again
Research comprises defining and
redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting,
organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions;
and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the
formulating hypothesis.
“Research is an organized and
systematic way of finding answers
to questions”

Must succeed in expressing its
central point of discoveries by
using simple, direct, concise, and
correct language.
Must take place in an organized or
orderly manner/
Mustt give correct or accurate data,
which the footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should
honestly and appropriately
documented or acknowledged.
Must deal with facts,, not with
mere opinions arising from
assumptions, generalizations,
predictions, or conclusions.
Must work on a topic that is fresh,
new, and interesting to the present
society
Topic must be instrumental in
improving society or in solving
problems affecting the lives of
people in a community.

This type of research aims to increase your knowdlege about
something. If your intention is to apply your chosen research to
societal problems or issues, finding ways to make positive change in
society, you call your research, applied research.

Depending on your objective or goal in conducting research,
you do any of these types of research: descriptive,
correlational, explanatory, exploratory, or action.

• This type of research aims to define or give verbal or
written portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, group,
situation, etc...
• Based on the results of your descriptive studies about a
subject, you develop the inclinination of conducting further
studies on such topic.

• A correlationanl research shows relationships or
connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents
called variables that affect the research.
• It is only concerned in indicating the existence of a
relatioship, not the causes and ways of the development
of such relationship.

• This type of research elaborates or explains not just the
reasons behind the relationship of two factors, but also
the ways by which such relationship exists.

• An exploratory research's purpose is to find out how
reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on
a certain topic.
• In exploratory research, you will discover ideas on topics
that could trigger your interest in conducting research
studies.

• This type of research studies an ongoing practice of a
school, organization, community, or instution for the
purpose of obtaining results that willl bring improvements
in the system.

1. Qualitative Research
- requires non-numerical data, which means that the
research uses words rather than numbers to express the
results, the inquiry, or investigation about people's thoughts,
beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles regarding the object of
the study.

2. Quantitative Research
- involves measurement of data. Thus, it presents
research findings referring to the number or frequency of
something in numerical forms (i.e., using percentage,
fractions, numbers).

2. Primary Data / Secondary Data
• Primary data are obtained through direct observation or contact
with people, object, artifacts, paintings, etc.
• Primary data are new and original information resulting from
your sensory experience.
• Data that have been written about or reported on and are
available for reading purposes are known as secondary data.

1 . S c i e n t i f i c o r P o s i t i v e
Approach
2. Naturalistic Approach
3. Traingulation Approach

• Reseacher discover and measure information as well as observe
and control variables in an impersonal manner.
• allows control of variables.
• This approach are structured interviews, questionnaires, and
observational checklists.
• Data given by these techniques are expressed through numbers,
which means that this method is suitable for quantitative research.

• In contrast to the scientific approach that uses numbers to express
data, the naturalistic approach uses words.
• This research approach directs you to deal with qualitative data
that speak of how people behave toward their surroundings.

• Researchers are free to gather and analyze data using multiple
methods, allowing you to combine or mix up research approaches,
research types, data gathering, and data analysis techniques.
• Triangulation approach gives you the opportunity to view every
angle of the research from different perspectives. (Badke 2012;
Silverman 2013)

Nature of research

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