10. SIGNIFICANCE OF INFESTATION
Weight loss
Germination loss
Commercial value loss
Consumer preference loss
Nutritional values loss
Contamination
Heating
Facilitates fungal growth
Storability loss.
13. Sitophilus oryzae; Sitophilus granarius;Sitophilus zeamays
Order : Coleoptera
Family : Curculionidae
(2) Larva. (3) Pupa.
(1) Egg.
Stages of development
14.
15. Lesser grain borer
Rhizopertha dominica
Order : Coleoptera
Family: Bostrychidae
Stages of development
(1) Egg (2) Larva (3) Pupa
16. A D U L T
The adult is 2.5-3.0 mm long
with brown to red brilliantly
reflecting cylindrical body.
Each antenna has 10 segments
and a loose, broad three
segmented club.
The head deflects downwards and
is not visible in the dorsal view.
18. A D U L T
The adult is oval, brownish-grey,
compact and clothed in short hair.
Antennae are slightly serrate.
There are two projections covered with
thick white hair in the centre of the
rear edge of the neck shield.
The elytra cover all but the last
abdominal tergum.
22. D A M A G E
It is a most serious pest of high
value commodities. It is not only
limited to tobacco and tobacco
products but also infests oilseed
cake, dried fruits, spices, nuts,
cocoa etc. Holes bored through
the produce and the pupal cell within
it are conspicuous forms of damage.
26. Angoumois grain moth - Sitotroga cerealella
Order : Lepidoptera
Family: Gelechiidae
Stages of development
(1) Egg (2) Larva (3) Pupa
27. The labial palps are long,
slender and sharply pointed.
A D U L T
It is hay coloured with a wing
span of 10-18 mm.
The fore-wings are pale brown.
Hind-wings have a long fringe
of hairs, longer than half of the
width of the wing and sharply
pointed at the tip.
28. A D U L T E M E R G E N C E
The newly emerged adult
pushes through the window
of the seed coat leaving a
small but characteristic round
hole; part of the window often
remains at the edge of the
hole.
29. DAMAGE
In warmer regions, the moths
infest the grain on the field;
in colder climates they are
only found inside.
The adults are good fliers and
cross infestation thus occurs
easily. Infestation in bulk grain
is confined to the upper most
exposed layers. It is a primary
pest of whole cereal grains.
35. Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum
Order:Coleoptera
Family:Tenebrionidae
Stages of Development
(1) Egg. (2) Larva. (3) Pupa.
Secondary feeders/ External feeders
36. A D U L T
The adult is 3-4 mm long, slim,
relatively flat, reddish brown to
dark-brown.
Three terminal segments of antenna
form a small club.
The elytra bear punctuated lines
separated by very fine ribs.
37.
38. 2. Long headed flour beetle Latheticus oryzae
(Coleoptera: Tenebroinidae)
57. SMOKING THE BURROWS
This is a locally
developed technique and
in practice in coastal
Andhra Pradesh.
It is not recommended
scientifically for rat
control.
60. RAT TAILS COLLECTED IN MIZORAM FOR
BOUNTY PAYMENT
MIZORAM ADOPTED BOUNTY PAYMENT AS ONE OF THE
EFFECTIVE MEASURES TO CONTAIN RODENT MENACE AT
BAMBOO DROOPING PERIOD
61. ACUTE RODENTICIDES
Zincphosphide is an
acute rodenticide / single
dosed poison.
To be used only in the
fields but not in the
houses.
62. USAGE OF ACUTE
RODENTICIDES
In the fields only.
To be used after pre-
baiting.
Mix @2% zincphosphide
with bait material.
Follow torpedo baiting
technique.
63. ANTICOAGULENTS
Bromadiolone is a
second generation
anticoagulant.
Coumatetralyl, Warfarin,
Rodafarin is a first
generation anticoagulant
and it also can be used as
a tracking powder.
64. USAGE OF ANTICOAGULANT
RODENTICIDE
Best to use in the
residential premises and
fields.
Mix @ 2% concentration
with bait material.
Prebaiting is not
necessary
65. PULSED BAITING
Pulsed baiting technique is to be
adopted with second generation
anticoagulants.
Give a pulse at an interval of one
week.
This will help us to get optimum
results for the control of the
rodents.
66. FUMIGANTS
Aluminium phosphide
pellets are the best
fumigants.
To be used under the
supervision of a trained
person only.
Out side the premises
only to be used on dry
days.
67. Respiratory poisons
Fumigants
Only one fumigant is approved for usage to treat
rodent burrows in the fields
Aluminium phosphide pellets, each of 0.6 g
2 pellets are recommended for bandicoot
burrows
1 pellet is recommended for field mice
68. Burrow fumigation
Fumigating a rat burrow with
Aluminum Phosphide pellets.
The dosage should be 1.2
gms. Per burrow.
Should be done under the
supervision of a trained
personnel.
